% $Id$

% Programming language issues, semantics, implementation, except types
% and distributed/parallel stuff.  All language definitions here.

@Manual{ANSI74,
  Key =		 "ANSI",
  Title =	 "American National Standard Programming Language
                  COBOL",
  Organization = ANSI,
  Year =	 1974,
  Address =	 NY,
  Note =	 "ANS X3.23-1974",
  Annote =	 "The official reference manual for COBOL."
}

@Manual{ANSI76,
  Key =		 "ANSI",
  Title =	 "American National Standard Programming Language
                  PL/I",
  Organization = ANSI,
  Year =	 1976,
  Address =	 NY,
  Note =	 "ANS X3.53-1976",
  Annote =	 "The official, but unreadable, reference manual for
                  PL/I."
}

@Article{Abadi-Manna89,
  key =		 "Abadi \& Manna",
  author =	 "{M. Abadi} and {Z. Manna}",
  title =	 "Temporal Logic Programming",
  journal =	 "Journal of Symbolic Computation",
  year =	 1989,
  volume =	 8,
  pages =	 "277--295"
}

@Book{Abelson-Sussman-Sussman85,
  Author =	 "Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie
                  Sussman",
  Title =	 "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1985,
  Annote =	 "Introductory programming text using the Scheme
                  dialect of Lisp. 65 references."
}

@Book{Abelson-Sussman-Sussman96,
  Author =	 "Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie
                  Sussman",
  Title =	 "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw Hill",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1996,
  Edition =	 "second",
  ISBN =	 "0-07-000484-6",
  Annote =	 "Introductory programming text using the Scheme
                  dialect of Lisp. Many references."
}

@TechReport{Abelson-Sussman87,
  Author =	 "Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "Lisp: A Language for Stratified Design",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1987,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 986,
  Annote =	 "Programs that show the power of Lisp and abstraction
                  using procedures. 8 references."
}

@Article{Abelson-Sussman88,
  author =	 "Abelson and Sussman",
  title =	 "Lisp: A Language for Stratified Design",
  journal =	 "Byte Magazine",
  volume =	 "13",
  year =	 "1988",
  number =	 "2",
  pages =	 "207--218",
  month =	 feb
}

@InCollection{Abelson-etal88,
  Author =	 "Harold Abelson and Matthew Halfant and Jacob
                  Katzenelson and Gerald J. Sussman",
  Title =	 "The LISP Experience",
  BookTitle =	 "Annual Review of Computer Science",
  Volume =	 3,
  Year =	 1988,
  Editor =	 "J. Traub",
  Publisher =	 "Annual Reviews, Inc.",
  Address =	 "Palo Alto, Calif.",
  Pages =	 "167-195"
}

@InCollection{Aceto91,
  Author =	 "Luca Aceto",
  Title =	 "On Relating Concurrency and Nondeterminism",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 598,
  Pages =	 "376-402",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@TechReport{Ackerman-Dennis79,
  Author =	 "William B. Ackerman and Jack B. Dennis",
  Title =	 "VAL -- A Value-Oriented Algorithmic Language:
                  Preliminary Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1979,
  Number =	 "TR-218",
  Annote =	 "Strongly typed data flow language for numeric
                  computations on parallel machines. Error algebra."
}

@Article{Ackerman82,
  Author =	 "W. B. Ackerman",
  Title =	 "Data Flow Languages",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "15-25"
}

@Manual{Ada83,
  Key = {Ada83},
  Title =	 "Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language",
  Organization = ANSI,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1983,
  Note =	 "ANSI/MIL-STD 1815A. Also published by
                  Springer-Verlag as LNCS 155.",
  Annote =	 "The draft revised version was published in {\em
                  AdaTec}, July, 1982. Packages and interesting
                  numeric types."
}

@TechReport{Ada90,
  Author =	 "Ada 9X Project Office",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X Requirements",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Year =	 1990,
  Month =	 dec
}

@TechReport{Ada91a,
  Author =	 "Ada 9X Project Office",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X Requirements Rationale",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 may
}

@TechReport{Ada91b,
  Author =	 "Christine M. Anderson",
  Title =	 "Draft Ada 9X Project Report: Ada 9X Mapping Document
                  Volume I, Mapping Rationale",
  Institution =	 "Intermetrics",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 aug
}

@TechReport{Ada91c,
  Author =	 "Christine M. Anderson",
  Title =	 "Draft Ada 9X Project Report: Ada 9X Mapping Document
                  Volume II, Mapping Specification",
  Institution =	 "Intermetrics",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 aug
}

@TechReport{Ada93a,
  Author =	 "Ada 9X Mapping Team",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X Rationale. The Language. The Standard
                  Libraries",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1993,
  Institution =	 "Intermetrics",
  Address =	 "733 Concord Av, Cambridge, MA 02138"
}

@TechReport{Ada93b,
  Author =	 "Ada 9X Mapping Team",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X Reference Manual. The Language. The Standard
                  Libraries",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1993,
  Institution =	 "Intermetrics",
  Address =	 "733 Concord Av, Cambridge, MA 02138",
  Annote =	 "Propsed ANSI/ISO Standard"
}

@TechReport{Ada95a,
  Author =	 "John Barnes and Ben Brosgol and others",
  Title =	 "Ada 95 Rationale. The Language. The Standard
                  Libraries",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Institution =	 "Intermetrics Inc.",
  Address =	 "733 Concord Av, Cambridge, MA 02138"
}

@Manual{Ada95b,
  Key =          {Ada95},
  Title =	 "Ada 95 Reference Manual. The Language. The Standard
                  Libraries",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Organization = "International Organization for Standardization",
  Note =	 "ANSI/ISO/IEC-8652:1995"
}

@Article{Aegis06,
  key =         "Aegis",                  
  title     = {Lockheed Martin Selects Aonix PERC Virtual Machine
                  for Aegis Weapon System},
  year      = 2006,
  month     = oct,
  journal   = {Military Embedded Systems},
  url       = {http://www.mil-embedded.com/news/db/?4224}
}

@Book{Agha90,
  Author =	 "Gul Agha",
  Title =	 "ACTORS : A model of Concurrent computations in
                  Distributed Systems",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "50 references."
}

@Book{Aho-Sethi-Ullman86,
  author =	 {A. V. Aho, R. Sethi and J. D. Ullman},
  title =	 {Compilers. Principles, Techniques and Tools},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley},
  year =	 1986
}

@TechReport{Aiello74,
  Author =	 "J. M. Aiello",
  Title =	 "An Investigation of Current Language Support for the
                  Data Requirements of Structured Programming",
  Institution =	 "MIT Project MAC",
  Number =	 51,
  Year =	 1974,
  Month =	 sep,
  Type =	 "Technical Memorandum"
}

@Book{Akerley-Li-Parlavecchia99,
  author =	 {John Akerley and Nina Li and Antonello Parlavecchia},
  title =	 {Programming with {VisualAge} for {Java} Version 2.0},
  publisher =	 {Prentice Hall PTR},
  year =	 1999,
  annote =	 {Includes CD-ROMs.}
}

@Article{Al-Ahmad-Steegmans00,
  author =	 {W. Al-Ahmad and E. Steegmans},
  title = 	 {A Critical Comparison of Class Variables and Methods in Object-Oriented Languagaes},
  journal = 	 JOOP,
  year = 	 2000,
  volume =	 13,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {17-22,39},
  month =	 {March/April},
  annote =	 {20 references.}
}

@Article{Al-Ahmad-Steegmans99,
  author =	 {W. Al-Ahmad and E. Steegmans},
  title =	 {Improving Support for Specialization Inheritance},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 11,
  number =	 8,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {29-36},
  annote =	 {6 references.}
}

@Article{Al-Ahmad-Steegmans99b,
  author =	 {W. Al-Ahmad and E. Steegmans},
  title =	 {A New Approach to Extension Inheritance},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 12,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {20-28},
  annote =	 {The new construct, called a ``component'' is an
                  abstract class with only one instance variable. 5
                  references.}
}
                  
@Article{Al-Haddad-George-Samadzadeh91,
  Author =	 "H. M. Al-Haddad and K. M. George and
                  M. H. Samadzadeh",
  Title =	 "Approaches to reusability in C++ and Eiffel",
  Journal =	 JOOP,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "34-45",
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@article{Allen-etal08,
 author = {Eric Allen and Ras Bodik and Kim Bruce and Kathleen Fisher and Stephen Freund and Robert Harper and Chandra Krintz and Shriram Krishnamurthi and Jim Larus and Doug Lea and Gary Leavens and Lori Pollock and Stuart Reges and Martin Rinard and Mark Sheldon and Franklyn Turbak and Mitchell Wand},
 editor = {Mark W. Bailey},
 title = {SIGPLAN programming language curriculum workshop: Discussion Summaries and recommendations},
 journal = SIGPLAN,
 volume = 43,
 number = 11,
 year = 2008,
 month = nov,
 pages = {6-29},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1480828.1480831},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
}

@Misc{Allen08,
  author = 	 {Eric Allen},
  title = 	 {Some Things That Computer Science Majors Should Know},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.sigplan.org/pl-workshop/}},
  month = 	 may,
  year = 	 2008,
  note = 	 {Checked June 16, 2008}
}

@InProceedings{Allen74,
  Author =	 "F. E. Allen",
  Title =	 "Interprocedural data flow analysis",
  Booktitle =	 "Proc. IFIP Congress 74",
  Publisher =	 North-Holland,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1974
}

@Book{Allison86,
  Author =	 "Lloyd Allison",
  Title =	 "A Practical Introduction to Denotational Semantics",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1986,
  Annote =	 "66 references."
}

@Article{Allison90,
  Author =	 "L. Allison",
  Title =	 "Continuations Implement Generators and Streams",
  Journal =	 "The Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 5,
  Pages =	 "460-465",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@inproceedings{Amadio-Bruce-Longo86,
  Author =	 "Amadio, R. and K. Bruce and G. Longo",
  Title =	 "The finitary projection model for second order
                  lambda calculus and solutions to higher order domain
                  equations",
  BookTitle =	 "IEEE Symp. Logic in Computer Science",
  Year =	 "1986",
  Pages =	 "122-130"
}

@Article{Amant-etal00,
  author =       "Robert St. Amant and Henry Lieberman and Richard
                 Potter and Luke Zettlemoyer",
  title =        "Programming by example: visual generalization in
                 programming by example",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       43,
  number =       3,
  pages =        "107-114",
  month =        mar,
  year =         2000,
  annote =       "10 references."
}

@Article{Ambler-Burnett-Zimmerman92,
  Author =	 "Allen L. Ambler and Maragaret M. Burnett and Betsy
                  A. Zimmerman",
  Title =	 "Operational Versus Definitional: A Perspective on
                  Programming Paradigms",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "28-43",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Article{Ambler-Burnett89,
  Author =	 "Allen L. Ambler and Maragaret M. Burnett",
  Title =	 "Influence of Visual Technology on the Evolution of
                  Language Environments",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "9-22",
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@Article{Ambler-etal77,
  Author =	 "A. L. Ambler and D. I. Good and J. C. Browne and
                  W. F. Burger and R. M. Choen and C. G. Hoch and
                  R. E. Wells",
  Title =	 "Gypsy: a Language for Specification and
                  Implementation of Verifiable Programs",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1977,
  Month =	 mar,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "1-10",
  URL =          {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800022.808306},
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Language Design
                  for Reliable Software"
}

@InCollection{America-Rutten91,
  Author =	 "Pierre America and Jan Rutten",
  Title =	 "A Layered Semantics for a Parallel Object-Oriented
                  Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages, REX
                  School/Workshop, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands,
                  May/June 1990",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Bakker and W. P. de Roever and
                  G. Rozenberg",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 489,
  Pages =	 "61-123",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Denotational semantics for POOL. 19 references."
}

@Article{America91b,
  Author =	 "Pierre America",
  Title =	 "POOL: Design and Experience",
  Journal =	 "OOPS Messenger",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "16-20",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@InProceedings{Amiel-Gruber-Simon94,
  author =	 {Eric Amiel and Oliver Gruber and Eric Simon},
  title =	 {Optimizing Multi-Method Dispatch Using Compressed
                  Dispatch Tables},
  booktitle =	 {OOPSLA '94 Conference Proceedings},
  volume =	 29,
  number =	 10,
  series =	 {SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 1994,
  organization = ACM,
  month =	 {October},
  pages =	 {244-258},
  annote =	 {One dispatch table per generic function allows
                  access in time of an $n$-dimenional array
                  access. The bulk of the paper focuses on trading
                  time for space savings in the table. The time
                  overhead of this is small, as it uses two
                  $n$-dimenional array accesses. 25 references.}
}

@Book{Ammeraal91,
  Author =	 "Leendert Ammeraal",
  Title =	 "C++ for Programmers",
  Publisher =	 "John Wiley and Sons Ltd.",
  Address =	 "Chichester, UK",
  Year =	 1991,
  Note =	 "ISBN 0-471-93011-3"
}

@InProceedings{Ancona-Lagorio-Zucca00,
  author =       {Davide Ancona and Giovanni Lagorio and Elena Zucca},
  title =        {Jam - A Smooth Extension of {Java} with Mixins}, 
  editor =       {Elisa Bertino},
  booktitle =    {ECOOP 2000 -- Object-Oriented Programming 14th European Conference},
  series =       LNCS,
  volume =       1850,
  year =         2000,
  pages =        {154-178},
  annote =       {19 references.}
}

@Article{Anderson90,
  Author =	 "Birger Anderson",
  Title =	 "Ellie Language Definition Report",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "45-64",
  Annote =	 "Parallel object-oriented language with a non-strict
                  type system. 16 references."
}

@TechReport{Andrews-Olsson89,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Ronald A. Olsson",
  Title =	 "Report on the {SR} Programming Language, Version
                  1.1",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The University of
                  Arizona",
  Address =	 "Tucson, Arizona",
  Number =	 "89-6",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Book{Andrews-Olsson93,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Ronald A. Olsson",
  Title =	 "The SR Programming Language: Concurrency in
                  Practice",
  Publisher =	 "The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, CA",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "46 references."
}

@Article{Andrews81,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews",
  Title =	 "Synchronizing Resources",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 4,
  Pages =	 "405-430",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1981,
  Annote =	 "Distributed programming language with a notion of
                  resources. 37 references."
}

@TechReport{Andrews89,
  Author =	 "James H. Andrews",
  Title =	 "Proof-Theoretic Characterisations of Logic
                  Programming",
  Institution =	 "Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science,
                  Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Edinburgh",
  Address =	 "Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ",
  Number =	 "ECS-LFCS-89-77 (also CSR-295-89)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Book{Andrews92,
  author =	 "Andrews",
  title =	 "Logic Programming: Operational Semantics and Proof
                  Theory",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year =	 "1992",
  address =	 "Cambridge, UK",
  annote =	 "76 references."
}

@InProceedings{Antoy-Echahed-Hanus94,
  Author =	 {Sergio Antoy and Rachid Echahed and Michael Hanus},
  Title =	 "A Needed Narrowing Strategy",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "268-279",
  Annote =	 "49 references."
}

@TechReport{Antropova98,
  Author =	 "Olga Antropova",
  Title =	 "{ACL} --- Eliminating Parameter Aliasing with
                  Dynamic Dispatch",
  Year =	 1998,
  Month =	 jul,
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Number =	 "98-07",
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-07/TR.ps.gz",
  Note =	 "Available by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu}"
}

@InCollection{Appel-MacQueen87,
  Author =	 "Andrew W. Appel and David B. MacQueen",
  Title =	 "A {Standard} {ML} Compiler",
  BookTitle =	 "Functional Programming Languages and Computer
                  Architecture",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Pages =	 "301-324",
  Year =	 "1987"
}

@Book{Appel92,
  Author =	 "Andrew W. Appel",
  Title =	 "Compiling with Continuations",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-521-41695-7. Design of Standard ML of New
                  Jersey. Use of contiuation passing style. 98
                  references."
}

@Article{Appel93,
  Author =	 "Andrew W. Appel",
  Title =	 "A Critique of Standard ML",
  Journal =	 "Journal of Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "391-429",
  Annote =	 "49 references."
}

@Article{Appel98c,
  author =	 {Andrew W. Appel},
  title =	 {{SSA} is Functional Programming},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {17-20},
  annote =	 {15 references.}
}

@Book{Appell02,
  author =	 "Andrew W. Appel",
  title =	 "Modern Compiler Implementation in {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  address =	 "Cambridge, UK",
  annotate =	 "Many references.",
  edition =	 "Second Edition",
  year =	 "2002",
}

@Book{Appell98a,
  author =	 "Andrew W. Appel",
  title =	 "Modern Compiler Implementation in {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  address =	 "Cambridge, UK",
  annotate =	 "Many references.",
  year =	 "1998",
}

@Book{Appell98b,
  author =	 "Andrew W. Appel",
  title =	 "Modern Compiler Implementation in {ML}",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  address =	 "Cambridge, UK",
  annotate =	 "Many references.",
  year =	 "1998",
}

@Book{Appleby91,
  Author =	 "Doris Appleby",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages Paradigm and Practice",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw-Hill",
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "250 references."
}

@Article{Apt-Plotkin86,
  Author =	 "K. R. Apt and G. D. Plotkin",
  Title =	 "Countable Nondeterminism and Random Assignment",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "724-767",
  Annote =	 "4 equivalent semantic definitions of a small
                  programming language with bounded
                  nondeterminism. Hoare-like proof system for total
                  correctness. 35 references."
}

@InProceedings{Apt-Schaerf97,
  author =	 {Krzysztof Apt and Andrea Schaerf},
  title =	 {Search and Imperative Programming},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 97: The 24TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Paris, France},
  year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {67-79},
  annote =	 {A step towards a typed constraint language that
                  combines logic and imperative programming. 20
                  references.}
}

@Article{Apt-etal98,
  author =	 {Krzysztof Apt and Andrea Schaerf},
  title =	 {{Alma-O}: An Imperative Language that Supports
                  Declarative Programming},
  journal =	 TOPLAS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 20,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {1014-1066},
  annote =	 {41 references.}
}

@InCollection{Apt90,
  Author =	 "Krzysztof R. Apt",
  Booktitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Title =	 "Logic Programming",
  Chapter =	 10,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "J. van Leewen",
  Pages =	 "493-574",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "102 references."
}

@Book{Apt96,
  author =	 {Krzysztof R. Apt},
  title =	 {From logic programming to Prolog},
  publisher =	 {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year =	 1996,
  address =	 {Upper Saddle River, NJ}
}

@Article{Arbab-Berry94,
  Author =	 "Bijan Arbab and Daniel Berry",
  Title =	 "Some Comments on 'A Denotational Semantics for
                  Prolog'",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "605-606",
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@InProceedings{Ariola-Sabry98,
  author =	 {Zena M. Ariola and Amr Sabry},
  title =	 {Correctness of Monadic State: an Imperative
                  Call-by-Need Calculus},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 98: The 25TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Diego, California},
  year =	 1998,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {62-73},
  annote =	 {21 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Ariola-etal95,
  Author =	 {Zena M. Ariola and Matthias Felleisen and John
                  Maraist and Martin Odersky and Philip Wadler},
  Title =	 "A Call-By-Need Lambda Calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '95: 22nd Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Francisco, Calif.",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "233-246",
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Armbuster-etal07,
  author = "Austin Armbuster and Jason Baker and Antonio Cunei and   
              David Holmes and Chapman Flack and Filip Pizlo and Edward Pla  
              and Marek Prochazka  and Jan Vitek",
  title="A {Real-time} {Java} Virtual Machine with Applications in Avionics",
  journal   = {ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)},
  year      = 2007,
  month     = dec,
  volume    = 7,
  number    = 1,
  pages = {1-49}
}

@Book{Armstrong-etal95,
  author =	 {J. L. Armstrong and M. C. Williams and
                  C. Wikstr\"{o}m and S. R. Virding},
  title =	 {Concurrent Programming in Erlang},
  publisher =	 {Prentice Hall},
  year =	 1995,
  edition =	 {2nd edition}
}

@Book{Armstrong07,
  author = 	 {Joe Armstrong},
  title = 	 {Programming {Erlang}: Software for a Concurrent World},
  publisher = 	 {Pragmatic Bookshelf},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Raleigh, North Carolina}
}

@InProceedings{Armstrong97,
  author =	 {Joe Armstrong},
  title =	 {The development of {Erlang}},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {196-203},
  annote =	 {10 references.}
}

@Book{Armstrong13,
  author = 	 {Joe Armstrong},
  title = 	 {Programming Erlang, Second Edition: Software for a Concurrent World},
  publisher = 	 {Pragmatic Programmers, LLC},
  year = 2013,
  edition = 	 {Second}
}

@Book{Arnold-Gosling-Holmes00,
  author =	 "Ken Arnold and James Gosling and David Holmes",
  title =	 "The {Java} Programming Language Third Edition",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  year =	 2000,
}

@Book{Arnold-Gosling98,
  author =	 "Ken Arnold and James Gosling",
  title =	 "The {Java} Programming Language",
  publisher =	 "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey",
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  year =	 "1998",
  edition =	 "Second",
  series =	 "The Java Series",
  url =		 "http://www.aw.com/cp/javaseries.html"
}

@TechReport{Arvind-Gostelow-Plouffe78,
  Author =	 "Arvind and Kim P. Gostelow and Wil Plouffe",
  Title =	 "An Asynchronous Programming Language and Computing
                  Machine",
  Institution =	 "University of California, Irvine",
  Year =	 1978,
  Number =	 "TR-114a",
  Month =	 dec,
  Note =	 "Minor revisions June 1980",
  Annote =	 "Describes the Id data-flow language. This is a
                  language for fine grained parallelism without type
                  checking but with a primitive abstraction
                  convention. 34 references."
}

@Unpublished{AspectJ02,
  Author =	 "{AspectJ Team}",
  Title =	 "The {AspectJ} Programming Guide",
  Institute =	 "Xerox Corporation",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 2002,
  Note =	 "Available from
                  \url{http://aspectj.org/doc/dist/progguide/index.html}"
}

@Unpublished{AspectJ03,
  Author =	 "{AspectJ Team}",
  Title =	 "The {AspectJ} Programming Guide",
  Institute =	 "Palo Alto Research Center, Inc.",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 2003,
  Note =	 "Available from \url{http://eclipse.org/aspectj}"
}


@Unpublished{AspectJ04,
  Author =	 "{AspectJ Team}",
  Title =	 "The {AspectJ} Programming Guide",
  Institute =	 "Palo Alto Research Center, Inc.",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 2004,
  Note =	 "Available from \url{http://eclipse.org/aspectj}"
}

@unpublished{AspectJ06,
	Author = {{AspectJ Team}},
	Institute = {Palo Alto Research Center, Inc.},
	Title = {The {AspectJ} Programming Guide},
	Year = 2006,
	Note = {Version 1.5.3. Available from \url{http://eclipse.org/aspectj}}
}

@InCollection{Assenmacher-etal93,
  Author =	 "Holger Assenmacher and Thomas Breitbach and Peter
                  Buhler and Volker Hubsch and Reinhard Schwarz",
  Title =	 "PANDA - Supporting Distributed Programming in C++",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "Oscar M. Nierstrasz",
  Number =	 707,
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '93 - Object-Oriented Programming 7th European
                  Conference",
  Year = 1993,
  Pages =	 "361-383",
  Annote =	 "55 references"
}

@InCollection{Astesiano-Reggio-Wirsing89,
  Author =	 "E. Astesiano and G. Reggio and M. Wirsing",
  Title =	 "Relational Specifications and Observational
                  Semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "TAPSOFT'87, volume 1???",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "Hartmut Ehrig and others",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 "245?",
  Address =	 NY
}

@Article{Astesiano-Reggio87a,
  Author =	 "E. Astesiano and G. Reggio",
  Title =	 "Direct Semantics for Concurrent Languages in the
                  SMoLCS Approach",
  Journal =	 IBMJRD,
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 31,
  Number =	 5,
  Pages =	 "512-534"
}

@InCollection{Astesiano-Reggio87b,
  Author =	 "E. Astesiano and G. Reggio",
  Title =	 "{SMoLCS} Driven Concurrent Calculi",
  BookTitle =	 "TAPSOFT'87, Proceedings of the International Joint
                  Conference on Theory and Practice of Software
                  Development, Pisa, Italy, Volume 1",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "Hartmut Ehrig and others",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 245,
  Address =	 NY
}

@Article{Astesiano-Zucca95,
  author =	 "E. Astesiano and E. Zucca",
  title =	 "{D-oids}: a Model for Dynamic Data-Types",
  url =		 "ftp://ftp.disi.unige.it/person/ZuccaE/MSCS.ps.gz",
  journal =	 "Mathematical Structures in Computer Science",
  year =	 1995,
  month =	 jun,
  volume =	 5,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "257--282"
}

@InCollection{Astesiano91,
  Author =	 "Edigio Astesiano",
  Title =	 "Inductive and Operational Semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "Formal Description of Programming Concepts",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "E. J. Neuhold and M. Paul",
  Series =	 "IFIP State-of-the-Art Reports",
  Pages =	 "51-136",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-387-53961-1. 20 references."
}

@inproceedings{Auerbach-etal07,
    Author = {Joshua Auerbach and David F. Bacon and Bob Blainey and Perry Cheng and Michael Dawson and Mike Fulton and David Grove and Darren Hart and Mark Stoodley},
    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th ACM \& IEEE international conference on Embedded software (EMSOFT)},
    Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1289927.1289967},
    Location = {Salzburg, Austria},
    Pages = {249--258},
    Title = {Design and implementation of a comprehensive real-time {Java} virtual machine},
    Year = {2007}
}

@article{Auerbach-etal07b,
 author = {Joshua Auerbach and David F. Bacon and Daniel T. Iercan and Christoph M. Kirsch and V. T. Rajan and Harald Roeck and Rainer Trummer},
 title = {Java takes flight: time-portable real-time programming with exotasks},
 journal = SIGPLAN,
 volume = {42},
 number = {7},
 year = {2007},
 issn = {0362-1340},
 pages = {51--62},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1273444.1254775},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@Article{Augustsson-Johnsson89,
  Author =	 "L. Augustsson and T. Johnsson",
  Title =	 "The Chalmers Lazy-ML Compiler",
  Journal =	 "The Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 4
}

@Book{Austern98,
  author =	 {Matthew H. Austern},
  title =	 {Generic Programming and the STL: using and extending
                  the C++ Standard Template Library},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley Longman Publ. Co.},
  year =	 1998,
  series =	 {Addison-Wesley professional computing series}
}

@inproceedings{Avdicausevic-etal02,
  Author =	 {Enis Avdi\v{c}au\v{s}evi\'{c} and Marjan Mernik and
                  Mitja Leni\v{c} and Viljem \v{Z}umer},
  Booktitle =	 {SAC 2002},
  Keywords =	 {aspect-oriented programming, programming languages,
                  separate compilation},
  Title =	 {Experimental aspect-oriented
                  language---{AspectCOOL}},
  Year =	 {2002}
}

@Article{Axford-Joy96,
  author =	 "Tom Axford and Mike Joy",
  title =	 "{Aladin}: An abstract machine for integrating
                  functional and procedural programming",
  journal =	 "Journal of Programming Languages",
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 4,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "63-76",
  month =	 jun,
  annote =	 "19 references."
}

@inproceedings{Aydemier-etal05a,
	Author = {Aydemier, Brian E. and Bohannon, Aaron and Fairbairn, Matthew and Foster, J. Nathan and Pierce, Benjamin C. and Sewell, Peter and Vytiniotis, Dimitrios and Washburn, Geoffrey and Weirich, Stephanie and Zdancewic, Steve},
	Title = {Mechanized Metatheory for the Masses: The {POPLmark} Challenge},
	Booktitle = {Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics: 18th International Conference},
	Publisher = SV,
	Series = LNCS,
	Month = jun,
	Year = {2005}
}

@InProceedings{Bachrach-Playford01,
  author =	 {Jonthan Bachrach and Keith Playford},
  title =	 {The Java syntactic extender ({JSE})},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the OOPSLA '01 conference on Object
                  Oriented Programming Systems Languages and
                  Applications},
  volume =	 {36(11)},
  series =	 {SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 2001,
  organization = ACM,
  month =	 nov,
  pages =	 {31--42},
  location =	 {Tampa Bay, FL, USA},
  doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/504282.504285},
}

@Article{Backus-Heising64,
  Author =	 "J. W. Backus and W. P. Heising",
  Title =	 "{FORTRAN}",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  Year =	 1964,
  Volume =	 "EC-13",
  Number =	 4,
  Pages =	 "382-385"
}

@Article{Backus78,
  Author =	 "John Backus",
  Title =	 "Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann
                  Style? A Functional Style and Its Algebra of
                  Programs",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "613-641",
  Year =	 1978,
  Annote =	 "ACM Turing Award lecture. Argues against big 'von
                  Neumann' languages. Advocates a functional style
                  based on powerful combining forms. FP and an
                  associated algebra of programs. 23 references."
}

@Article{Backus78b,
  Author =	 "John Backus",
  Title =	 "The History of {FORTRAN I, II}, and {III}",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1978,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "165-180",
  Annote =	 "Many historical references."
}

@InProceedings{Bacon-Cheng-Rajan03,
  author =       "David F. Bacon and Perry Cheng and V. T. Rajan",
  title =        "A real-time garbage collector with low overhead and
                 consistent utilization",
  pages =        "285--298",
  editor =       "Cindy Norris and {Jr.} James B. Fenwick",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 30th {ACM} {SIGPLAN}-{SIGACT}
                 symposium on Principles of programming languages
                 ({POPL}-03)",
  month =        jan # " ~15--17",
  series =       "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  volume =       "38, 1",
  publisher =    "ACM Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "2003",
}

@Book{Bailey90,
  Author =	 "Roger Bailey",
  Title =	 "Functional Programming with {Hope}",
  Publisher =	 "Ellis Horwood",
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "Ellis Horwood series in Computers and their
                  Applications",
  Address =	 "Chichester, UK",
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-13-338237-0"
}

@InProceedings{Baker-Hsieh02,
  author =	 {Jason Baker and Wilson C. Hsieh},
  title =	 {{Maya}: Multiple-dispatch Syntax Extension in
                  {Java}},
  booktitle =	 {Proceeding of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on
                  Programming language design and implementation},
  volume =	 {37(5)},
  series =	 {SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 2002,
  organization = ACM,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {270--281},
  location =	 {Berlin, Germany},
  doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/512529.512562}
}

@Article{Baker91,
  Author =	 "Henry G. Baker",
  Title =	 "Shallow Binding Makes Functional Arrays Fast",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "145-147",
  Annote =	 "22 references. "
}

@Article{Baker92,
  Author =	 "Henry G. Baker",
  Title =	 "Lively Linear Lisp --- `Look {Ma}, No Garbage!'",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "89-98",
  Annote =	 "66 references. "
}

@Article{Baker93,
  Author =	 "Henry G. Baker",
  Title =	 "Equal rights for Functional Objects or, the more
                  things change, the more they are the same",
  Journal =	 "OOPS Messenger",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "2-27",
  Annote =	 "100 references. "
}

@Article{Baker95,
  Author =	 "Henry G. Baker",
  Title =	 "`Use-Once' Variables and Linear Objects -- Storage
                  Management, Reflection, and Multi-Threading",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1995,
  Volume =	 30,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "45-52",
  Annote =	 "68 references. "
}

@Article{Baker97a,
  author =	 {Henry G. Baker},
  title =	 {I Have a Feeling We're Not in Emerald City Anymore},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {22-26},
  annote =	 {Satire about Ada. Note that this is the April
                  issue. 6 references.}
}

@Article{Baker97b,
  author =	 {Henry G. Baker},
  title =	 {{COMFY}---A Comfortable Set of Control Primitives
                  for Machine Language Programming},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {23-27},
  annote =	 {3 references.}
}

@Article{Baker97c,
  author =	 {Henry G. Baker},
  title =	 {When Bad Programs Happen to Good People},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {27-31},
  annote =	 {5 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Balaban-Pnueli-Zuck05,
  author = 	 {Ittai Balaban and Amir Pnueli and Lenore D. Zuck},
  title = 	 {Shape Analysis by Predicate Abstraction},
  booktitle =    {Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation},
  pages = 	 {164-180},
  year = 	 2005,
  volume = 	 3385,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher =    SV,
  URL = 	 {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b105073},
  annote = 	 {16 references.}
}

@Article{Ball99,
  author =	 {Ball},
  title =	 {Paths between Imperative and Functional Programming},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 34,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {21-25},
  annote =	 {Comparing functional and imperative programming by
                  what paths through a program can be executed. 6
                  references.}
}

@InCollection{Banarjee-Schmidt93,
  Author =	 "Anindya Banarjee and David A. Schmidt",
  Title =	 "A Categorical Interpretation of Landin's
                  Correspondence Principle",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics
                  9th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "S. Brookes and M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove
                  and D. Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 802,
  Pages =	 "587-602",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@InCollection{Banatre-LeMetayer91,
  Author =	 "Jean-Pierre Banatre and Daniel Le Metayer",
  Title =	 "Introduction to Gamma",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in High-Level Parallel
                  Programming Languages, Mont Saint-Michel, France,
                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 574,
  Pages =	 "197-202",
  Annote =	 "6 references"
}

@book{Bancilhon-Delobel-Kanellakis92,
  Author =	 "Fran\c{c}ois Bancilhon and Claude Delobel and Paris
                  Kanellakis (eds.)",
  Title =	 "Implementing an Object-Oriented database system: The
                  story of {O}$_{2}$",
  Publisher =	 "Morgan Kaufmann ",
  Year =	 1992
}

@Article{Bantchev98,
  author =	 {Boyko B. Bantchev},
  title =	 {Putting More Meaning in Expressions},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 9,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {77-83},
  annote =	 {Additional constructs for expression-based
                  imperative languages. 10 references.}
}

@Book{Bar-David93,
  Author =	 "Tsvi Bar-David",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Design for C++",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1993
}

@Book{Barendregt84,
  Author =	 "H. P. Barendregt",
  Title =	 "The Lambda Calculus: Its Syntax and Semantics",
  Publisher =	 North-Holland,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1984,
  Note =	 "Revised Edition",
  Annote =	 "The classic reference on lambda calculus. Hundreds
                  of references."
}

@Unpublished{Barendregt90,
  Author =	 "H. P. Barendregt",
  Title =	 "Lambda Calculus: A Tutorial",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1990,
  Note =	 "Presented at POPL 1990"
}

@InCollection{Barendregt90b,
  Author =	 "H. P. Barendregt",
  Booktitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Title =	 "Functional Programming and Lambda Calculus",
  Chapter =	 7,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "J. van Leewen",
  Pages =	 "321-363",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "93 references."
}

@Article{Barnes80,
  Author =	 "J. G. P. Barnes",
  Title =	 "An Overview of Ada",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 10,
  Pages =	 "851-887",
  Year =	 1980
}

@Book{Barnes91,
  Author =	 "J. G. P. Barnes",
  Title =	 "Programming in Ada (third edition)",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 "Wokkingham, England"
}

@InProceedings{Barrett-etal96,
  author =	 {Kim Barrett and Bob Cassels and Paul Haahr and David
                  A. Moon and Keith Playford and P. Tucker Withington},
  title =	 {A Monotonic Superclass Linerization for Dylan},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings OOPSLA '96 Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications},
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 10,
  series =	 {ACM SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  month =	 oct,
  pages =	 {69-82}
}

@TechReport{Baumgartner-Jansche-Laeufer02,
  Author =	 {Gerald Baumgartner and Martin Jansche and Konstantin
                  L\"{a}ufer},
  Title =	 "{Half \& Half}: Multiple Dispatch and Retroactive
                  Abstraction for {Java}",
  Year =	 "2002",
  Month =	 mar,
  Number =	 "OSU-CISRC-5/01-TR08",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The Ohio State
                  University ",
  Annote =	 "38 references."
}
                  
@InProceedings{Baumgartner-Jansche-Peisert01,
  Author =	 {Gerald Baumgartner and Martin Jansche and Cristopher
                  D. Peisert},
  Title =	 {Support for Functional Programming in {Brew}},
  BookTitle =	 {Proceedings of the Multiparadigm Programming with
                  Object-Oriented Languages, 1st International
                  Workshop (MPOOL '01)},
  Editor =	 {Kei Davis and Yannis Smaragdakis and J\"{o}rg
                  Striegnitz},
  Series =	 {Publication Series of the John von Neumann Institute
                  for Computing},
  Publisher =	 {John von Neumann Institute for Computing},
  address =	 {J\"{u}lich, Germany},
  Volume =	 {7},
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 2001,
  Pages =	 {111--125},
  Annote =	 {24 references}
}

@TechReport{Baumgartner-Laeufer-Russo96,
  Author =	 {Gerald Baumgartner and Konstantin L\"{a}ufer and
                  Vincent F. Russo},
  Title =	 "On the Interaction of Object-Oriented Design
                  Patterns and Programming Languages",
  Year =	 "1998",
  Month =	 feb,
  Number =	 "CSD-TR-96-020",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Purdue University ",
  Annote =	 "42 references."
}

@Article{Baumgartner-Russo95,
  author =	 {Gerald Baumgartner and Vincent F. Russo},
  title =	 {Signatures: A Language Extension for Improving Type
                  Abstraction and Subtype Polymorphism in {C++}},
  journal =	 {Software--Practice \& Experience},
  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 25,
  number =	 8,
  month =	 aug,
  pages =	 {863-889},
  URL =
                  {http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gb/Papers/Signature-design.ps.gz}
}

@TechReport{Baumgartner-Russo95b,
  author =	 {Gerald Baumgartner and Vincent F. Russo},
  title =	 {Signatures: A Language Extension for Improving Type
                  Abstraction and Subtype Polymorphism in {C++}},
  institution =	 {Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University},
  year =	 1995,
  number =	 {CSD--TR--95--051},
  month =	 aug,
  URL =
                  {http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gb/Papers/Signature-design.ps.gz}
}

@inproceedings{Beach92,
 author = {Brian W. Beach},
 title = {Connecting software components with declarative glue},
 booktitle = {ICSE '92: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering},
 year = {1992},
 isbn = {0-89791-504-6},
 pages = {120--137},
 location = {Melbourne, Australia},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/143062.143104},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@InCollection{Beeri-Kornatzky90,
  Author =	 "Catriel Beeri and Yoram Kornatzky",
  Title =	 "Algebraic Optimization of Object-Oriented Query
                  Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "ICDT '90 Third International Conference on Database
                  Theory Paris, France, December 1990",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "S. Abiteboul and P.C. Kanellakis",
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  Volume =	 470,
  Pages =	 "72-88",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Benson99,
  author =	 {Brent W. {Benson, Jr.}},
  title =	 {Closures for the Masses},
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  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 34,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {32-35},
  annote =	 {Inner classes in Java. 2 references.}
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@Article{Bentley86,
  Author =	 "Jon Bentley",
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  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1986,
  Volume =	 29,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "711-721",
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}

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% doi = {10.1145/355592.365646},
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author = {Corrado B\"{o}hm and Giuseppe Jacopini},
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  journal={Journal of Functional Programming},
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                  Recursive Types",
  Number =	 "MS-CIS-89-63/Logic \& Computation 12",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
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  Type =	 "Research Report",
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@InProceedings{Breazu-Tannen-etal89,
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  Note =	 "Revised version to appear in {\em Information and
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                  problems. 33 references."
}

@Article{Breazu-Tannen-etal91,
  author =	 "V. Breazu-Tannen and T. Coquand and C. A. Gunter and
                  A. Scedrov",
  title =	 "Inheritance as implicit coercion",
  journal =	 "Information and Computation",
  year =	 1991,
  volume =	 93,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "172-221",
  month =	 jul
}

@Article{BrinchHansen78,
  Author =	 "Per {Brinch Hansen}",
  Title =	 "Distributed Processes: A Concurrent Programming
                  Concept",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Pages =	 "934-941",
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1978
}

@Article{BrinchHansen81,
  Author =	 "Per {Brinch Hansen}",
  Title =	 "Edison--A Multiprocessor Language. The Design of
                  Edison. Edison Programs",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Year =	 1981,
  Volume =	 11,
  Pages =	 "325-414",
  Note =	 "3 separate articles in the same issue.",
  Annote =	 "Edison is a multiprogramming language. An effort was
                  made to make syntax errors easily detected,
                  especially in type declarations. 22 references."
}

@TechReport{BrinchHansen86a,
  Author =	 "Per {Brinch Hansen}",
  Title =	 "A Joyce Implementation",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, University of
                  Copenhagen",
  Year =	 1986,
  Month =	 oct,
  Number =	 "86/9",
  Annote =	 "Single processor implementation on an IBM PC. 3
                  references."
}

@TechReport{BrinchHansen86b,
  Author =	 "Per {Brinch Hansen}",
  Title =	 "The Joyce Language Report",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, University of
                  Copenhagen",
  Year =	 1986,
  Month =	 oct,
  Number =	 "86/10",
  Annote =	 "A semantic variant of CSP. 3 references."
}

@InCollection{Brock-Ackerman81,
  Author =	 "J. Dean Brock and William B. Ackerman",
  Title =	 "Scenarios: A Model of Non-determinate Computation",
  Booktitle =	 "Formalization of Programming Concepts",
  Series =	 "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  Volume =	 107,
  Editor =	 "J. Diaz and I. Ramos",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 "Berlin",
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "252-259"
}

@Book{Brodie84,
  Author =	 "Leo Brodie",
  Title =	 "Thinking Forth",
  Year =	 1984,
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Annote =	 "Discussion of design using Forth."
}

@TechReport{Brookes-Geva89,
  Author =	 "Stephen Brookes and Shai Geva",
  Title =	 "Parallel Exponentiation of Concrete Data Structures",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Number =	 "CMU-CS-=89-206",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Semantic model of parallel computation. 10
                  references."
}
                  
@Article{Brown-Crowder91,
  Author =	 "J. A. Brown and H. P. Crowder",
  Title =	 "{APL2}: Getting Started",
  Journal =	 "IBM Systems Journal",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 30,
  Number =	 4,
  Pages =	 "433-445"
}

@Article{Brown78,
  Author =	 "W. Brown",
  Title =	 "Modular Programming in PL/M",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Volume =	 11,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "40-46",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1978,
  Annote =	 "Modules in PL/M and their use. 11 references."
}

@Book{Brown88a,
  Author =	 "James A. Brown",
  Title =	 "{APL2} at a glance",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1988,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J."
}

@Article{Broy-Wirsing-Pepper87,
  Author =	 "Manfred Broy and Martin Wirsing and Petter Pepper",
  Title =	 "On the Algebraic Definition of Programming
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "54-99",
  Annote =	 "Discussion of the algebraic specification of the
                  semantics of programming languages. Emphasis on
                  least fixed-points, which are defined via classes
                  minimally-defined partial algebras. Transformational
                  semantics as a complementary technique. Partial
                  algebras, hierarchical types. 37 references."
}

@Article{Bruce-Meyer-Mitchell90,
  Author =	 "Kim B. Bruce and Albert Meyer and John C. Mitchell",
  Title =	 "The Semantics of the Second-Order Lambda Calculus",
  Journal =	 "Information and Computation",
  Volume =	 85,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "76 ff."
}

@article{Bruce-etal00,
 author = {Kim Bruce and Benjamin Goldberg and Chris Haynes and Gary T. Leavens and John Mitchell},
 title = {Proposed knowledge units for programming languages for {Curriculum 2001}},
 journal = SIGPLAN,
 volume = 35,
 number = 4,
 year = 2000,
 month = apr,
 pages = {29--43},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/346443.346450},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
}

@article{Bruce00,
 author = {Kim B. Bruce},
 title = {Curriculum 2001 draft found lacking in programming languages},
 journal = SIGPLAN,
 volume = 35,
 number = 4,
 month = apr,
 year = 2000,
 pages = {26-28},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/346443.346448},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = NY
}

@InCollection{Bruce91,
  Author =	 "Kim B. Bruce",
  Title =	 "The Equivalence of Two Semantic Definitions for
                  Inheritance in Object-Oriented Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 598,
  Pages =	 "102-124",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@Article{Bruggeman-Waddell-Dybvig99,
  author =	 {Carl Bruggeman and Oscar Waddell and R. Kent Dybvig},
  title =	 {Representing Control in the Presence of One-Shot
                  Continuations},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {99-107},
  note =	 {Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                  Programming Language Design and Implementation
                  (PLDI).},
  annote =	 {23 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Bruns-etal04,
  author =	"Glenn Bruns and Radha Jagadeesan and Alan Jeffrey and James Riely",
  title =	"{$\mu$}{ABC}: {A} Minimal Aspect Calculus",
  year = 	"2004",
  editor =	"Philippa Gardner and Nobuko Yoshida",
  booktitle =	"{CONCUR 2004---Concurrency Theory: 15th International
		 Conference, London, UK, August 31--September 3, 2004,
		 Proceedings}",
  pages =	"209-224",
  volume =	"3170",
  series =      LNCS,
  publisher =   SV,
  URL =  	"http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0302-9743&volume=3170&spage=209",
}

@InCollection{Brus-etal87,
  author =	 "T. H. Brus and M. C. J. D. van Eekelen and M. O. van
                  Leer and M. J. Plasmeijer",
  editor =	 "G. Kahn",
  title =	 "Clean: A Language for Functional Graph Rewriting",
  booktitle =	 "Functional Programming Languages and Computer
                  Architecture",
  pages =	 "364--384",
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 "Berlin",
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume =	 274,
  year =	 1987,
  ISBN =	 "3-540-18317-5",
  abstract =	 "Clean is based on an extension of Term Rewriting
                  Systems (TRS) in which the terms are replaced by
                  graphs. Such a Graph Rewriting System (GRS) consists
                  of a, possibly cyclic, directed graph, called the
                  data graph and graph rewrite rules which specify how
                  this graph may be rewritten."
}

@Article{Brutzman98,
  author =	 {Don Brutzman},
  title =	 {The {Virtual Reality Modeling Language} and {Java}},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {57-64},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
}

@InCollection{Bry90,
  Author =	 "F. Bry",
  Title =	 "Negation in Logic Programming: A Formalization in
                  Constructive Logic",
  BookTitle =	 "Information Systems and Artificial Intelligence:
                  Integration Aspects, First Workshop, Ulm, FRG",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "D. Karagiannis",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 474,
  Pages =	 "30-46",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 mar
}

@Book{Bryan-Mendal90,
  Author =	 "Douglas L. Bryan",
  Title =	 "Exploring Ada, Volume 1",
  Year =	 1990,
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Annote =	 "Covers types, statements, expressions, subprograms,
                  packages. 14 references."
}

@Unpublished{Budd,
  Author =	 "Tim Budd",
  Title =	 "{Little Smalltalk} Users Manual --- Version Three",
  Note =	 "Available with the Little Smalltalk system"
}

@Book{Budd87,
  Author =	 "Timothy Budd",
  Title =	 "A Little Smalltalk",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Describes non-graphical version of Smalltalk. 41
                  references."
}

@Article{Budd91a,
  Author =	 "Timothy Budd",
  Title =	 "Blending Imperative and Relational Programming",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "58-65",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@Book{Budd91c,
  Author =	 "Timothy Budd",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "many references."
}

@Book{Budd94,
  Author =	 "Timothy A. Bud",
  Title =	 "Classic Data Structures in C++",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "77 references; ISBN 0-201-50889-3"
}

@Book{Budd95,
  author =	 "Timothy A. Budd",
  title =	 "Multiparadigm Programming in {LEDA}",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 NY,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Book{Budd97,
  Author =	 "Timothy Budd",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Year =	 1997,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "many references."
}

@Article{Budd98,
  author =	 {Timothy A. Budd},
  title =	 {Functional Programming and the Fragile Base Class
                  Problem},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 12,
  month =	 dec,
  pages =	 {66-71},
  annote =	 {4 references.}
}

@TechReport{Burke-Carrette-Eliot84,
  Author =	 "Glenn S. Burke and George J. Carrette and
                  Christopher R. Eliot",
  Title =	 "NIL Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Number =	 "MIT/LCS/TR-311",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Has a simplified implementation of flavors. 13
                  references."
}

@Article{Burke-Fisher87,
  Author =	 "Michael G. Burke and Gerald A. Fisher",
  Title =	 "A Practical Method for LR and LL Syntactic Error
                  Diagnosis",
  Journal =	 "TOPLAS",
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "164-197",
  Annote =	 "Parse action deferral method. 17 references."
}

@unpublished{Burke-etal04,
  Author =	 {Bill Burke and Austin Chau and Marc Fleury and
                  Adrian Brock and Andy Godwin and Harald Gliebe},
  Title =	 {{JBoss} Aspect Oriented Programming},
  note =
                  {\url{http://www.jboss.org/index.html?module=html&op=userdisplay&id=developers/projects/jboss/aop}},
  month =	 feb,
  year =	 2004,
}

@Book{Burn91,
  Author =	 "Geoffrey Burn",
  Title =	 "Lazy Functional Languages: Abstract Interpretation
                  and Compilation",
  Publisher =	 "Pitman",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "Research Monographs in Parallel and Distributed
                  Computing",
  Address =	 "London",
  Annote =	 "Foundational material, including discussions of
                  abstract interpretation. Other implementation
                  techniques. 138 references."
}

@Book{Burns-Wellings90,
  Author =	 "Alan Burns and Andy Wellings",
  Title =	 "Real-time systems and their programming languages",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "International computer science series",
  Address =	 "Reading, MA"
}

@Book{Burns-Willings01,
  author =   {Alan Burns and Andy Wellings},
  title =    {Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages},
  publisher =    {Addison Wesley Longmain},
  year =     2001,
  ISBN = 0201729881,
  edition = 3
}

@InProceedings{Burstall-MacQueen-Sannella80,
  Author =	 "R. M. Burstall and D. B. MacQueen and
                  D. T. Sannella",
  Title =	 "HOPE: an Experimental Applicative Language",
  Booktitle =	 "Proceedings 1980 LISP Conference, Stanford, Calif.",
  Organization = "The LISP Conference",
  Pages =	 "136-143",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1980,
  Note =	 "Also Edinburgh CSR-62-80.",
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@TechReport{Bush88,
  Author =	 "V. J. Bush n\'{e}e Wright",
  Title =	 "Recursion Transformations for Run-Time Control of
                  Parallel Computations",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Manchester",
  Address =	 "Manchester M13 9PL, England",
  Number =	 "UMCS-88-8-1",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Note =	 "The author's Ph.D. dissertation.",
  Annote =	 "Algebraic reasoning for data-flow. Operational
                  semantics for dynamic dataflow model and its
                  relation to algebraic semantics for a functional
                  language. Transformations. About a hundred
                  references."
}

@Misc{CSharp-ECMA05,
  title =	 {C\# Language Specification},
  howpublished = {ECMA Standard 334},
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 2005
}

@Book{Cameron-Dixon92,
  Author =	 "Robert D. Cameron and Anthony H. Dixon",
  Title =	 "Symbolic Computing with LISP",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "37 references."
}

@Book{Campione-Walrath98,
  author =	 "Mary Campione and Kathy Walrath",
  title =	 "The Java Tutorial Second Edition: Object-Oriented
                  Programming for the Internet",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  series =	 "The Java Series",
  year =	 1998,
  edition =	 "Second",
  url =
                  "http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/2e/book.html"
}

@TechReport{Cardelli-etal88,
  Author =	 "Luca Cardelli and James Donahue and Lucille Glassman
                  and Mick Jordan and Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson",
  Title =	 "Modula-3 Report",
  Institution =	 "Olivetti Research Center",
  Number =	 "ORC-1",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Includes objects as in Oberon, subtyping. 13
                  references."
}

@Article{Cardelli-etal89b,
  Author =	 "Luca Cardelli and James Donahue and Lucille Glassman
                  and Mick Jordan and Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson",
  Title =	 "Modula-3 Report (revised)",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 27,
  NUmber =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "15-42",
  Annote =	 "Includes objects as in Oberon, subtyping. 10
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Cardelli-etal92,
  Author =	 "Luca Cardelli and James Donahue and Lucille Glassman
                  and Mick Jordan and Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson",
  Title =	 "Modula-3 Language Definition",
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Number =	 52,
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "Order from src-report@src.dec.com",
  Annote =	 "Includes objects as in Oberon, subtyping. 10
                  references."
}

@Book{Cargill92,
  Author =	 "Tom Cargill",
  Title =	 "C++ Programming Style",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Massachusetts",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series"
}

@Article{Carroll96,
  author =	 {Martin D. Carroll},
  title =	 {Metaprogramming in {C++}},
  journal =	 {Journal of Programming Languages},
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 4,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {1-20},
  annote =	 {13 references.}
}

@Article{Carter-Baker97,
  author =	 {Debbie K. Carter and Albert D. Baker},
  title =	 {Considerations in Developing a Formally-Based Visual
                  Programming Language Reference Manual: A Case Study
                  on the SLAM II Language},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {34-39},
  annote =	 {15 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Cartwright-Donahue82,
  Author =	 "Robert Cartwright and James Donahue",
  Title =	 "The Semantics of Lazy (and Industrious) Evaluation",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the 1982 ACM Symposium On Lisp
                  and Functional Programming, Pittsburgh,
                  Pennsylvania",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "253-264",
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@InCollection{Cartwright-Felleisen94,
  Author =	 "Robert Cartwright and Matthias Felleisen",
  Title =	 "Extensible Denotational Language Specifications",
  BookTitle =	 "Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Masami Hagiya and John C. Mitchell",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 789,
  Pages =	 "244-272",
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "41 references."
}

@Article{Casimir89,
  Author =	 "Rommert J. Casimir",
  Title =	 "Fourth Generation Problems",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "83-86",
  Annote =	 "Fourth generation programming languages (4GLs) work
                  because they only solve a restrictive class of
                  problems. They only deal with files or databases;
                  i.e., files are used for I/O and all data
                  structures. No way to control efficiency of
                  solution. 8 references."
}

% Note the space in the URL prevent BiBTeX from inserting a "%\n" which is 
% typeset as a % character by the url package.
@Book{Chailloux-Manoury-Pagano00,
  author =	 {Emmanuel Chailloux and Pascal Manoury and Bruno
                  Pagano},
  title =	 {D\'{e}veloppement d'applications avec {Objective
                  Caml}},
  publisher =	 {O'Reilly},
  year =	 2000,
  annote =	 {Several references.}
}

@TechReport{Chambers-Leavens94b,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers and Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "Towards Safe Modular Extensible Objects",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  Year =	 1994,
  Number =	 "94-17a",
  Address =	 "226 Atanasoff Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011",
  Month =	 sep,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR94-17/TR.ps.Z",
  Note =	 "Appears in {\it OOPSLA '94 Workshop Proceedings:
                  Subjectivity in Object-Oriented Systems}"
}

@inproceedings{Chambers-Ungar91b,
  author =	 {Craig Chambers and David Ungar},
  title =	 {Making Pure Object-Oriented Languages Practical},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings OOPSLA '91, ACM SIGPLAN Notices},
  pages =	 {1-15},
  month =	 nov,
  year =	 {1991},
  note =	 {Published as Proceedings OOPSLA '91, ACM SIGPLAN
                  Notices, volume 26, number 11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/117954.117955},
  doi = {10.1145/117954.117955},
  annote="35 references."
}

@inproceedings{Chambers92,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Multi-Methods in {Cecil}",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "33-56",
  Annote =	 "40 references"
}

@TechReport{Chambers93a,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "The {Cecil} Language",
  Number =	 "93-03-05",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
                  University of Washington",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1993
}

@InCollection{Chambers93b,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "Predicate Classes",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "Oscar M. Nierstrasz",
  Number =	 707,
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '93 - Object-Oriented Programming 7th European
                  Conference",
  Year = 1993,
  Pages =	 "268-296",
  Annote =	 "35 references"
}

@Unpublished{Chambers95,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "The {Cecil} Language Specification and Rationale:
                  Version 2.0",
  Institute =	 "Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
                  University of Washington",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1995,
  Note =	 "Available from
                  \url{http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/cecil/www/Papers/cecil-spec.html}"
}

@Unpublished{Chambers97,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "The {Cecil} Language Specification and Rationale:
                  Version 2.1",
  Institute =	 "Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
                  University of Washington",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 "1997",
  Note =	 "Available from \url{http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/cecil/ www/pubs/cecil-spec.html}",
}

@Unpublished{Chambers98,
  Author =	 "Craig Chambers",
  Title =	 "Towards {Diesel}, a Next-Generation {OO} Language
                  after {Cecil}",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1998,
  Note =	 "Invited talk, the {\em Fifth Workshop of Foundations
                  of Object-Oriented Languages}, San Diego,
                  California"
}

@Book{Chan-Lee97,
  author =	 "Patrick Chan and Rosanna Lee",
  title =	 "The {Java} Class Libraries: An Annotated Reference",
  publisher =	 "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey",
  address =	 "Reading, MA, USA",
  year =	 "1996",
  ISBN =	 "0-201-63458-9",
  LCCN =	 "QA76.73.J38C47 1997"
}

@Article{Cheatham69,
  Author =	 "T. E. Cheatham",
  Title =	 "Motivation for Extensible Languages",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1969,
  Month =	 aug,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 8,
  Pages =	 "18-29"
}

@InProceedings{Cheatham71,
  Author =	 "T. E. Cheatham",
  Title =	 "The Recent Evolution of Programming Languages",
  Booktitle =	 "1971 IFIP Congress",
  Organization = IFIP,
  Year =	 1971,
  Pages =	 "298-313"
}

@InProceedings{Chen-Hudak97,
  author =	 "Chih-Ping Chen and Paul Hudak",
  title =	 "Rolling Your Own Mutable {ADT} --- A Connection
                  Between Linear Types and Monads ---",
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 97: The 24TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Paris, France},
  year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 "54--66",
  annote =	 {21 references.}
}

@Article{Chen-Sun-Tang97,
  author =	 {Wen-Ke Chen and Jia-Su Sun and Zhi-Min Tang},
  title =	 {Consumating Virtuality to Support More Polymorphism
                  in {C++}},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {61-68},
  annote =	 {16 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Chen-Turau-Klas94,
  author =	 {Weimin Chen and Volker Turau and Wolfgang Klas},
  title =	 {Efficient Dynamic Look-up Strategy for
                  Multi-Methods},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '94, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Bologna, Italy},
  editor =	 {Mario Tokoro and Remo Pareschi},
  volume =	 821,
  series =	 LNCS,
  year =	 1994,
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {408-431},
  annote =	 {Focuses on space savings in algorithm. Theoretical
                  results as well as experiments. 17 references.}
}

@Article{Chen-Turau95,
  author =	 {Weimin Chen and Volker Turau},
  title =	 {Multiple-Dispatching Based on Automata},
  journal =	 TAPOS,
  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 1,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {41-59},
  annote =	 {19 references.}
}

@Book{Chen03,
  author =	 {Yinong Chen},
  title = 	 {Introduction to Programming Languages: Principles, C, C++, Scheme, and Prolog},
  publisher = 	 {Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.},
  year = 	 2003,
  annote =	 {Sophmore level text. 23 references}
}

@TechReport{Chen98,
  author =	 {Jianbing Chen},
  title =	 {Dynamic Semantics and Type-checking of Tuple},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science},
  year =	 1998,
  number =	 {98-10},
  month =	 dec,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-10/TR.ps.gz"
}

@InProceedings{Claessen-Vullinghs-Meijer97,
  author =	 {Koen Claessen and Ton Vullinghs and Erik Meijer},
  title =	 {Structuring Graphical Paradigms in {TkGofer}},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {251-262},
  annote =	 {18 references.}
}

@Article{Clark-Gregory86,
  Author =	 "Keith Clark and Steve Gregory",
  Title =	 "PARLOG: Parallel Programming in Logic",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "1-49",
  Annote =	 "Tutorial presentation of PARLOG, a logic programming
                  language with facilities for explicit and- and
                  or-parallelism. 55 references."
}

@Book{Cleaveland-Uzgalis77,
  Author =	 "J. Craig Cleaveland and Robert C. Uzgalis",
  Title =	 "Grammars for Programming Languages",
  Year =	 "1977",
  Publisher =	 "Elsevier",
  Annote =	 "Good discussion of van Wijngaarden Grammars."
}

@inproceedings{Clement-Colyer-Kersten03,
  Author = {Andy Clement and Adrian Colyer and Mik Kersten},
  Title = {Aspect-Oriented Programming with {AJDT}},
  Booktitle = {ECOOP Workshop on Analysis of Aspect-Oriented Software},
  Year = 2003
}

@InProceedings{Clement-etal86,
  Author =	 "Dominique Clement and Joelle Despeyroux and Thierry
                  Despeyroux and Gilles Kahn",
  Title =	 "A Simple Applicative Language: Mini-ML",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "13-27",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "Complete formal description, static semantics,
                  dynamic semantics, and translation to abstract
                  machine. 15 references."
}

@TechReport{Clifton-Leavens-Wand03,
  Author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens and Mitchell
                  Wand},
  Title =	 {Formal Definition of the Parameterized Aspect
                  Calculus},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science},
  year =	 2003,
  number =	 {03-12b},
  month =	 nov,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR03-12/TR.pdf"
}

@TechReport{Clifton-Leavens-Wand03a,
  Author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens and Mitchell
                  Wand},
  Title =	 {Parameterized Aspect Calculus: A Core Calculus for
                  the Direct Study of Aspect-Oriented Languages},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science},
  year =	 2003,
  number =	 {03-13},
  month =	 oct,
  note =	 "Submitted for publication",
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR03-13/TR.pdf"
}

@TechReport{Clifton-Leavens02b,
  Author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens},
  Title =	 {Spectators and Assistants: Enabling Modular
                  Aspect-Oriented Reasoning},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science},
  year =	 2002,
  number =	 {02-10},
  month =	 oct,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR02-10/TR.pdf",
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@InProceedings{Clifton-Leavens05,
  author = 	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens},
  title = 	 {MiniMAO: Investigating the Semantics of Proceed},
  booktitle =	 {FOAL 2005 Proceedings: Foundations of Aspect-Oriented
                  Languages Workshop at AOSD 2005, Chicago, IL},
  pages =	 {57-67},
  year =	 2005,
  editor =	 {Curtis Clifton and Ralf L\"{a}mmel and and Gary T. Leavens},
  number =	 {05-05},
  series =	 {TR},
  address =	 {Ames, IA, 50011},
  month =	 mar,
  organization = {Dept. of Computer Science, Iowa State University},
  URL =
                  "\url{http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/FOAL/papers-2005/proceedings.pdf}",
  annote =	 {18 references.}
}

@TechReport{Clifton-Leavens05a,
  author = 	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens},
  title = 	 {MiniMAO$_1$: Investigating the Semantics of Proceed},
  year =	 2005,
  number =	 {05-01},
  address =	 {Ames, IA, 50011},
  month =	 jan,
  institution = {Dept. of Computer Science, Iowa State University},
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR05-01/TR.pdf",
  annote =	 {17 references.}
}

@Article{Clifton-Leavens06,
  author = 	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens},
  title = 	 {{MiniMAO}$_1$: Investigating the Semantics of Proceed},
  month =        dec,
  year =	 2006,
  journal =	 SCP,
  publisher =	 {Elsevier},
  volume =       63,
  number =       3,
  pages =        {321-374},
  URL =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2006.02.009},
  annote =	 {17 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Clifton-etal00,
  Author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens and Craig
                  Chambers and Todd Millstein},
  Title =	 {{MultiJava}: Modular Open Classes and Symmetric
                  Multiple Dispatch for {Java}},
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '00: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Publisher =	 ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 "35(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 2000,
  Pages =	 "130-145",
  URL =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/354222.353181",
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@TechReport{Clifton-etal00a,
  author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Gary T. Leavens and Craig
                  Chambers and Todd Millstein},
  title =	 {{MultiJava}: Modular Open Classes and Symmetric
                  Multiple Dispatch for {Java}},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science},
  year =	 2000,
  number =	 {00-06a},
  month =	 jul,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR00-06/TR.ps.gz",
  Note =	 "Appears in OOPSLA 2000 Conference Proceedings,
                  pp. 130-145.",
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@TechReport{Clifton-etal04,
  author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Todd Millstein and 
  			  Gary T. Leavens and Craig Chambers},
  title =	 {{MultiJava}: Design Rationale, Compiler
                  Implementation, and Applications},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Dept. of Computer Science},
  year =	 {2004},
  number =	 {04-01b},
  month =	 dec,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR04-01/TR.pdf",
  note =	 "Accepted for publication, pending revision",
  annote =	 {many references}
}

@Article{Clifton-etal06,
  author =	 {Curtis Clifton and Todd Millstein and 
  			  Gary T. Leavens and Craig Chambers},
  title = {{MultiJava}: Design Rationale, Compiler Implementation, and Applications},
  journal = TOPLAS,
  volume = 28,
  number = 3,
  month = may,
  pages = {517-575},
  URL = {ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR04-01/TR.pdf},
  year = {2006},
  annote = {80 references},
  doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1133651.1133655}
}

@TechReport{Clifton01,
  author =	 {Curtis Clifton},
  title =	 {{MultiJava}: Design, implementation, and evaluation
                  of a {Java-compatible} language supporting modular
                  open classes and symmetric multiple dispatch},
  institution =	 {Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University},
  year =	 2001,
  number =	 {01-10},
  address =	 {Ames, Iowa, 50011},
  month =	 nov,
  note =	 {The author's masters thesis},
  URL =
                  {ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR01-10/TR.pdf}
}

@Article{Clifton95,
  author =	 "Mitchell H. Clifton",
  title =	 "Self-Assessment Procedure {XXIII}: Programming
                  Languages",
  journal =	 CACM,
  volume =	 38,
  number =	 5,
  pages =	 "89--96",
  month =	 may,
  year =	 "1995",
  annote =	 "12 references."
}

@TechReport{Clinger-Rees90a,
  author =	 "William Clinger and Jonathan Rees (Editors)",
  Title =	 "Revised$^{3.99}$ Report on the Algorithmic Language
                  {Scheme}",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Oregon",
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 "CIS-TR 90-02",
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "56 references."
}

@TechReport{Clinger-Rees90b,
  Author =	 "William Clinger and Jonathan Rees",
  Title =	 "Macros that Work",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Oregon",
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 "CIS-TR 90-17",
  Note =	 "To appear in POPL '91",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Unpublished{Clinger-Rees91,
  Author =	 "William Clinger and Jonathan Rees (Editors)",
  Title =	 "Revised$^{4}$ Report on the Algorithmic Language
                  {Scheme}",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 nov,
  Note =	 "Available from
                  \url{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/doc/standards/r4rs.ps.gz}.",
  Annote =	 "101 references."
}

@Article{Clinger98,
  author =	 {William D. Clinger},
  title =	 {Proper Tail Recursion and Space Efficiency},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {174-185},
  note =	 {Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                  Programming Language Design and Implementation
                  (PLDI).},
  annote =	 {40 references.}
}

@Book{Clocksin-Mellish81,
  Title =	 "Programming in Prolog",
  Author =	 "W. F. Clocksin and C. S. Mellish",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1981,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Complete tutorial and description of the logic
                  programming language Prolog. Discussion of various
                  dialects."
}

@Book{Cockshott90,
  Author =	 "W. P. Cockshott",
  Title =	 "PS_ALGOL implementations: applications in persistent
                  object-oriented programming",
  Publisher =	 "Ellis Horwood",
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "Ellis Horwood series in computers and applications",
  Address =	 "Chichester, UK"
}

@Article{Cohen85,
  Author =	 "Jacques Cohen",
  Title =	 "Describing Prolog by Its Interpretation and
                  Compilation",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 28,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "1311-1324",
  Annote =	 "Overview of Prolog. Good bibliography. 47
                  references."
}

@Article{Cohen90b,
  Author =	 "Jacques Cohen",
  Title =	 "Constraint Logic Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "52-68",
  Annote =	 "Replacing unification with constraint
                  satisfaction. 47 references."
}

@Article{Colmerauer90,
  Author =	 "Alain Colmerauer",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Prolog III",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "69-90",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@Book{Colyer-etal05,
  author =	 {Adrian Colyer and Andy Clement and George Harley and Matthew Webster},
  title = 	 {eclipse AspectJ},
  publisher = 	 {Addison-Wesley},
  year = 	 2005,
  series =	 {the eclipse series},
  address =	 {Upper Saddle River, NJ}
}

@InProceedings{Consel-Danvy93a,
  Author =	 "Charles Consel and Olivier Danvy",
  Title =	 "Tutorial Notes on Partial Evaluation",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Year =	 1993,
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "493-501",
  Annote =	 "109 references"
}

@Unpublished{Consel-Danvy93b,
  Author =	 "Charles Consel and Olivier Danvy",
  Title =	 "Partial Evaluation: Principles and Perspectives",
  Note =	 " A previous version of this tutorial appeared in the
                  proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT
                  symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Jan 1993, South Carolina",
  Pages =	 "493-501",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "111 references"
}

@Article{Cook-Palsberg89,
  Author =	 "William Cook and Jens Palsberg",
  Title =	 "A Denotational Semantics of Inheritance and its
                  Correctness",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "433-443",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '89 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyerowitz
                  (editor), October 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.",
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@Article{Cook80,
  Author =	 "Robert P. Cook",
  Title =	 "*Mod--A Language for Distributed Programming",
  Journal =	 IEEESE,
  Volume =	 "SE-6",
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "563-571",
  Annote =	 "Definition of and a few examples in the distributed
                  programming language *Mod, which is also called
                  starmod. It is based on Modula. 37 references."
}

@TechReport{Cook89,
  Author =	 "William R. Cook",
  Title =	 "A Denotational Semantics of Inheritance",
  Number =	 "CS-89-33",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Brown University",
  Address =	 "Providence, Rhode Island",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Discusses Smalltalk, Beta, Simula, and Flavors. 32
                  references"
}

@Book{Cooper-Torczon04,
  author =	 {Keith D. Cooper and Linda Torczon},
  title = 	 {Engineering a Compiler},
  publisher = 	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = 	 2004,
  address =      {San Francisco},
  annote =	 {324 references.}
}

@Book{Cooper90,
  Author =	 "Doug Cooper",
  Title =	 "Oh My! Modula-2",
  Publisher =	 "W. W. Norton \& Co.",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Introductory text"
}

@Book{Coplien92,
  Author =	 "James O. Coplien",
  Title =	 "Advanced {C++} Programming Styles and Idioms",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Welsey",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Several references spread among the chapters."
}

@Article{Cornelius88,
  Author =	 "B. J. Cornelius",
  Title =	 "Problems with the Language {M}odula-2",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "529-544"
}

@Article{Costanza03,
  title =	"Dynamically scoped functions as the essence of {AOP}",
  author =	"Pascal Costanza",
  journal =	SIGPLAN,
  year = 	2003,
  number =	8,
  volume =	38,
  pages =	"29-36",
  URL =  	"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/944579.944587"
}

@InProceedings{Cousineau-Curien-Mauny85,
  Author =	 "G. Cousineau and P. L. Curien and M. Mauny",
  Title =	 "The Categorical Abstract Machine",
  BookTitle =	 "IFIP Conference on Functional Programming Languages
                  and Computer Architecture, Nancy, France",
  Year =	 1985,
  Organization = "IFIP",
  Month =	 sep
}

@Book{Cousineau-Mauny98,
  author =	 "Guy Cousineau and Michel Mauny",
  title =	 "{The Functional Approach to Programming}",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year =	 "1998",
  annote =	 "Uses Caml. 44 references."
}

@inproceedings{Cousot-Cousot76,
  author = "Patrick Cousot and Rhadia Cousot",
  title = "Static Determination of Dynamic Properties of Programs",
  booktitle = "Programmation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Programming",
  publisher = "Dunod informatique",
  address = "Paris, France",
  month = apr,
  year = 1976,
  pages = "106-130"
}

@inproceedings{Cousot-Cousot77,
  author = "Patrick Cousot and Rhadia Cousot",
  title = "Abstract interpretation:  a unified lattice model for
		  static analysis of programs by construction or
		  approximation of fixpoints",
  booktitle = "Conference Record of the Fourth Annual ACM Symposium
		  on Principles of Programming Languages",
  publisher = "ACM",
  address = NY,
  month = jan,
  year = 1977,
  pages = "238-252"
}

% doi = {10.1145/800228.806926},
@inproceedings{Cousot-Cousot77a,
author = {Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot},
title = {Automatic Synthesis of Optimal Invariant Assertions: Mathematical Foundations},
year = {1977},
isbn = {9781450378741},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/800228.806926},
abstract = {The problem of discovering invariant assertions of programs is explored in light of
the fixpoint approach in the static analysis of programs, Cousot [1977a], Cousot[1977b].In
section 2 we establish the lattice theoric foundations upon which the synthesis of
invariant assertions is based. We study the resolution of a fixpoint system of equations
by Jacobi's successive approximations method. Under continuity hypothesis we show
that any chaotic iterative method converges to the optimal solution. In section 3
we study the deductive semantics of programs. We show that a system of logical forward
equations can be associated with a program using the predicate transformer rules which
define the semantics of elementary instructions. The resolution of this system of
semantic equations by chaotic iterations leads to the optimal invariants which exactly
define the semantics of this program. Therefore these optimal invariants can be used
for total correctness proofs (section 4). Next we show that usually a system of inequations
is used as a substitute for the system of equations. Hence the solutions to this system
of inequations are approximate invariants which can only be used for proofs of partial
correctness (section 5). In section 6 we show that symbolic execution of programs
consists in fact in solving the semantic equations associated with this program. The
construction of the symbolic execution tree corresponds to the chaotic successive
approximations method. Therefore symbolic execution permits optimal invariant assertions
to be discovered provided that one can pass to the limit, that is consider infinite
paths in the symbolic execution tree. Induction nrinciDles can be used for that purpose.
In section 7 we show how difference equations can be utilized to discover the general
term of the sequence of successive approximations so that optimal invariants are obtained
by a mere passage to the limit. In section 8 we show that an approximation of the
optimal solution to a fixpoint system of equations can be obtained by strengthening
the term of a chaotic iteration sequence. This formalizes the synthesis of approximate
invariants by heuristic methods. Various examples provide a helpful intuitive support
to the technical sections.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1977 Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Programming Languages},
pages = {1–12},
numpages = {12}
}


@article{10.1145/872736.806926,
author = {Cousot, Patrick and Cousot, Radhia},
title = {Automatic Synthesis of Optimal Invariant Assertions: Mathematical Foundations},
year = {1977},
issue_date = {August 1977},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
number = {64},
issn = {0163-5719},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/872736.806926},
doi = {10.1145/872736.806926},
abstract = {The problem of discovering invariant assertions of programs is explored in light of
the fixpoint approach in the static analysis of programs, Cousot [1977a], Cousot[1977b].In
section 2 we establish the lattice theoric foundations upon which the synthesis of
invariant assertions is based. We study the resolution of a fixpoint system of equations
by Jacobi's successive approximations method. Under continuity hypothesis we show
that any chaotic iterative method converges to the optimal solution. In section 3
we study the deductive semantics of programs. We show that a system of logical forward
equations can be associated with a program using the predicate transformer rules which
define the semantics of elementary instructions. The resolution of this system of
semantic equations by chaotic iterations leads to the optimal invariants which exactly
define the semantics of this program. Therefore these optimal invariants can be used
for total correctness proofs (section 4). Next we show that usually a system of inequations
is used as a substitute for the system of equations. Hence the solutions to this system
of inequations are approximate invariants which can only be used for proofs of partial
correctness (section 5). In section 6 we show that symbolic execution of programs
consists in fact in solving the semantic equations associated with this program. The
construction of the symbolic execution tree corresponds to the chaotic successive
approximations method. Therefore symbolic execution permits optimal invariant assertions
to be discovered provided that one can pass to the limit, that is consider infinite
paths in the symbolic execution tree. Induction nrinciDles can be used for that purpose.
In section 7 we show how difference equations can be utilized to discover the general
term of the sequence of successive approximations so that optimal invariants are obtained
by a mere passage to the limit. In section 8 we show that an approximation of the
optimal solution to a fixpoint system of equations can be obtained by strengthening
the term of a chaotic iteration sequence. This formalizes the synthesis of approximate
invariants by heuristic methods. Various examples provide a helpful intuitive support
to the technical sections.},
journal = {SIGART Bull.},
month = aug,
pages = {1–12},
numpages = {12}
}


@article{10.1145/872734.806926,
author = {Cousot, Patrick and Cousot, Radhia},
title = {Automatic Synthesis of Optimal Invariant Assertions: Mathematical Foundations},
year = {1977},
issue_date = {August 1977},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
issn = {0362-1340},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/872734.806926},
doi = {10.1145/872734.806926},
abstract = {The problem of discovering invariant assertions of programs is explored in light of
the fixpoint approach in the static analysis of programs, Cousot [1977a], Cousot[1977b].In
section 2 we establish the lattice theoric foundations upon which the synthesis of
invariant assertions is based. We study the resolution of a fixpoint system of equations
by Jacobi's successive approximations method. Under continuity hypothesis we show
that any chaotic iterative method converges to the optimal solution. In section 3
we study the deductive semantics of programs. We show that a system of logical forward
equations can be associated with a program using the predicate transformer rules which
define the semantics of elementary instructions. The resolution of this system of
semantic equations by chaotic iterations leads to the optimal invariants which exactly
define the semantics of this program. Therefore these optimal invariants can be used
for total correctness proofs (section 4). Next we show that usually a system of inequations
is used as a substitute for the system of equations. Hence the solutions to this system
of inequations are approximate invariants which can only be used for proofs of partial
correctness (section 5). In section 6 we show that symbolic execution of programs
consists in fact in solving the semantic equations associated with this program. The
construction of the symbolic execution tree corresponds to the chaotic successive
approximations method. Therefore symbolic execution permits optimal invariant assertions
to be discovered provided that one can pass to the limit, that is consider infinite
paths in the symbolic execution tree. Induction nrinciDles can be used for that purpose.
In section 7 we show how difference equations can be utilized to discover the general
term of the sequence of successive approximations so that optimal invariants are obtained
by a mere passage to the limit. In section 8 we show that an approximation of the
optimal solution to a fixpoint system of equations can be obtained by strengthening
the term of a chaotic iteration sequence. This formalizes the synthesis of approximate
invariants by heuristic methods. Various examples provide a helpful intuitive support
to the technical sections.},
journal = {SIGPLAN Not.},
month = aug,
pages = {1–12},
numpages = {12}
}

@InProceedings{Cousot-Cousot92,
  Author =	 "Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot",
  Title =	 "Inductive Definitions, Semantics and Abstract
                  Interpretation",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Nineteenth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "83-94",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@InCollection{Cousot81,
  author =	 {Patrick Cousot},
  title =	 {Semantic foundations of program analysis},
  booktitle =	 {Program Flow Analysis: Theory and Applications},
  year =	 1997,
  publisher =	 {Prentice-Hall},
  chapter =	 10,
  pages =	 {303-342},
}

@Article{Coyle-Grogono,
  Author =	 "Christopher Coyle and Peter Grogono",
  Title =	 "Building Abstract Iterators Using Continuations.",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "17-24",
  Annote =	 "5 references."
}

@Book{Craig00,
  author =	 "Ian Craig",
  title =	 "The Interpretation of Object-Oriented Programming
                  Languages",
  year =	 2000,
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 "London",
  annote =	 "Semantics of OO languages. Deals with
                  prototype-based languages also. 98 references."
}

@inproceedings{Crank-Felleisen91,
  author =	 "Erik Crank and Matthias Felleisen",
  title =	 "Parameter-Passing and the Lambda Calculus",
  booktitle =	 "Conference Record of the Eighteenth Annual {ACM}
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages",
  address =	 "Orlando, Florida",
  pages =	 "233--244",
  year =	 "1991",
  url =		 "citeseer.nj.nec.com/85570.html"
}

@Article{Cui-Gannon92,
  Author =	 "Qian Cui and John Gannon",
  Title =	 "Data-Oriented Exception Handling",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "393-401",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Unpublished{Curien-Ghelli89,
  Author =	 "Pierre-Louis Curien and Giorgio Ghelli",
  Title =	 "Coherence of Subsumption",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "To appear",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Curry-Feys-Craig58,
  Author =	 "Haskell B. Curry and Robert Feys and William Craig",
  Title =	 "Combinatory Logic",
  Publisher =	 "North-Holland Pub. Co.",
  Year =	 1958,
  Series =	 "Studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics",
  Address =	 "Amsterdam"
}

@Article{Curry30,
  Author =	 "H. B. Curry",
  Title =	 "Grundlagen der kombinatorischen Logik",
  Journal =	 "Amer. J. Math.",
  Year =	 1930,
  Volume =	 52,
  Pages =	 "509-536, 789-834"
}

@InProceedings{Curtis-Rauen90,
  Author =	 "Pavel Curtis and James Rauen",
  Title =	 "A Module System for Scheme",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 1990 ACM Conference on LISP and
                  Functional Programming, Nice, France",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "13-19",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@Book{Czarnecki-Eisenecker00,
  author =	"Krzysztof Czarnecki and Ulrich W. Eisenecker",
  title =	"Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications",
  publisher =	"Addison-Wesley",
  year = 	"2000"
}

@TechReport{Dahl-Myhraug-Nygaard70,
  Author =	 "Ole-Johan Dahl and B. Myhraug and K. Nygaard",
  Title =	 "The Simula 67 common base language",
  Type =	 "Publication",
  Number =	 "S-22",
  Institution =	 "Norwegian Computing Center",
  Address =	 "Oslo, Norway",
  Year =	 1970
}

@InCollection{Dami93,
  Author =	 "Laurent Dami",
  Title =	 "The HOP Calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "Visual Objects",
  Publisher =	 "University of Geneva",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "D. Tsichritzis",
  Pages =	 "149-210",
  Annote =	 "57 references"
}

@Article{Danvy-Gluck-Thiemann98,
  author =	 {Olivier Danvy and Robert Gl\"{u}ck and Peter
                  Thiemann},
  title =	 {1998 Symposium on Partial Evaluation},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 30,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {285-289},
  annote =	 {43 references.}
}

@InCollection{Danvy92a,
  Author =	 "Olivier Danvy",
  Title =	 "Back to Direct Style",
  BookTitle =	 "ESOP '92, 4th European Symposium on Programming,
                  Rennes, France, February 1992, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Bernd Krieg-Bruckner",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 582,
  Pages =	 "130-150",
  Annote =	 "37 references"
}

@InProceedings{Danvy92b,
  Author =	 "Olivier Danvy",
  Title =	 "Back to Direct Style II: First-Class Continuations",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "299-310",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@InProceedings{Das-Lerner-Seigle02,
  author =	"Manuvir Das and Sorin Lerner and Mark Seigle",
  title =	"{ESP}: Path-Sensitive Program Verification in
		 Polynomial Time",
  pages =	"57-68",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGPLAN} 2002 Conference
                  on Programming Language Design and Implementation
                  ({PLDI}'02)",
  month =	 jun # " ~17--19",
  series =	 "SIGPLAN",
  volume =	 "37, 5",
  publisher =	 "ACM Press",
  address =	 "New York",
  year =	 2002,
  URL =  	"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/512529.512538"
}
                  
@Book{Davie92,
  Author =	 "Anthony J. T. Davie",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Functional Programming Systems
                  Using {Haskell}",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1992,
  Series =	 "Cambridge Computer Science Texts",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "More than 150 references."
}

@Article{Davis85,
  author =	 "Ruth E. Davis",
  title =	 "Logic Programming and Prolog: {A} Tutorial",
  journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  volume =	 "2",
  number =	 "5",
  pages =	 "53--62",
  month =	 sep,
  year =	 1985
}

@Article{Davis92,
  Author =	 "Stephen R. Davis",
  Title =	 "C++ Objects That Change Their Types",
  Journal =	 JOOP,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 "Jul/Aug",
  Pages =	 "27-32",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Article{Dawson-Ramakrishnan-Warren96,
  author =	 {Steven Dawson and C. R. Ramakrishnan and David
                  S. Warren},
  title =	 {Practical Program Analysis Using General Purpose
                  Logic Programming Systems---A Case Study},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {117-126},
  note =	 {Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                  Programming Language Design and Implementation
                  (PLDI).},
  annote =	 {The logic language XSB used in the case study. 41
                  references.}
}

@Article{DeMan90,
  Author =	 "Jozef {De Man}",
  Title =	 "Making Languages More Powerful by Removing
                  Limitations",
  Journal =	 SIGSOFT,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "18-24",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT: International
                  Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Development,
                  Mark Moriconi (editor).",
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@InCollection{DeMichiel-Gabriel87,
  Author =	 "Linda G. DeMichiel and Richard P. Gabriel",
  Title =	 "The {Common Lisp Object System}: An Overview",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '87, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Paris, France",
  Editor =	 "Jean Bezivin and others",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "151-170",
  Note =	 "Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 276",
  Annote =	 "Good overview of CLOS. 5 references."
}

@article{Dean-Ghemawat08,
  author    = {Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat},
  title     = {{MapReduce}: simplified data processing on large clusters},
  journal   = CACM,
  volume    = 51,
  number    = 1,
  year      = 2008,
  pages     = {107-113},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1327452.1327492}
}

@InProceedings{Dean-etal96,
  author =	 {Jeffrey Dean and Greg DeFouw and David Grove and
                  Vassily Litvinov and Craig Chambers},
  title =	 {{VORTEX}: An Optimizing Compiler for Object-Oriented
                  Languages},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings OOPSLA '96 Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications},
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 10,
  series =	 {ACM SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  month =	 oct,
  pages =	 {83-100},
  annote =	 {43 references.}
}

@Book{Debaere-Campenhout90,
  Author =	 "Eddy H. Debaere and Jan M. Campenhout",
  Title =	 "Interpretation and Instruction Path Coprocessing",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "Computer Systems Series",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@Article{Debray-Warren90,
  Author =	 "S. K. Debray and D. S. Warren",
  Title =	 "Towards Banishing the Cut from Prolog",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Year =	 1990,
  Month =	 mar,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "335-349",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@Book{Deitel-Deitel94,
  Author =	 "H. M. Deitel and P. J. Deitel",
  Title =	 "C++ How To Program",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632",
  Annote =	 "183 references"
}

@InCollection{Dennert93,
  Author =	 "E. Dennert",
  Title =	 "Software Engineering in Business and Academia: How
                  Wide is hte Gap?",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 717,
  Editor =	 "Ian SommerVille and Manfred Paul",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "Software Engineering= ESEC '93. 4th European
                  Software Engineering Conference",
  Page =	 "37-47",
  Annote =	 "Report. No references"
}

@Article{Dennis-VanHorn66,
  Author =	 "J. B. Dennis and E. C. VanHorn",
  Title =	 "Programming Semantics for Multiprogrammed
                  Computations",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1966,
  Month =	 mar,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "143-155"
}

@Book{Deranasrt-Jourdan-Lorho89,
  Author =	 "Pierre Deransart and Martin Jourdan and Bernard
                  Lorho",
  Title =	 "Attribute Grammars: Definitions, Systems and
                  Bibliography",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 323,
  Year =	 1989
}

@Book{Dershem-Jipping90,
  Author =	 "Herbert L. Dershem and Michael J. Jipping",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages: Structures and Models",
  Publisher =	 "Wadsworth Publishing Co.",
  Address =	 "Belmont, Calif.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Undergraduate text. 30 references."
}

@Book{Deugo98,
  author =	 {Dwight Deugo},
  title =	 {Java Gems},
  publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year =	 1998,
  series =	 {SIGS Reference Library},
  annote =	 {A colection of articles from the Java report.}
}

@Unpublished{Deursen-etal,
  Author =	 "A. Van Deursen and P. Klint and F. Tip",
  Title =	 "Origin Tracking",
  Note =	 "Obtained from authors",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@InProceedings{Deutsch89,
  Author =	 "L. Peter Deutsch",
  Title =	 "The Past, Present, and Future of Smalltalk",
  BookTitle =	 "{ECOOP'89}, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, British Computer Society Workshop
                  Series",
  Editor =	 "Stephen Cook",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1989,
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Pages =	 "73-87",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Article{Dewar-etal79,
  Author =	 "Robert K. Dewar and Arthur Grand and Say-Cheng Liu
                  and Jacob T. Schwartz and Edmund Schoenberg",
  Title =	 "Programming by Refinement as Exemplified by the SETL
                  Representation Language",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 jul,
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 1,
  Year =	 1979,
  Annote =	 "The very high level language SETL is mapped by the
                  compiler or the user down to the representation
                  sublanguage. 12 references."
}

@Book{Dewhurst-Stark89,
  Author =	 "Stephen C. Dewhurst and Kathy T. Stark",
  Title =	 "Programming in C++",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1989,
  Series =	 "Software Series",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ"
}

@InCollection{Dezani-Ciancaglini-deLiguoro-Piperno94,
  Author =	 "Mariangiola Dezani-Ciancaglini and Ugo deLiguoro and
                  Adolfo Piperno",
  Title =	 "Fully Abstract Semantics for Concurrent
                  $\lamba$-calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Masami Hagiya and John C. Mitchell",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 789,
  Pages =	 "16-35",
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "21 references."
}


@Book{Dibble02,
  author =	 {Peter C. Dibble},
  title =	 {Real-Time Java Platform Programming},
  publisher =	 {Prentice-Hall PTR},
  year =	 2002,
  series =	 {Java Series}
}

@TechReport{Dietzen-Pike-Rogers90,
  Author =	 "Scott Dietzen and Mary Ann Pike and Anne Rogers",
  Title =	 "A Guide to the ERGO Syntactic Processor",
  Institution =	 "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                  University",
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 "ERGO-90-035",
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@Book{Dijkstra-Scholten90,
  Author =	 "Edsger W. Dijkstra and Carel S. Scholten",
  Title =	 "Predicate Calculus and program semantics",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "NY"
}

@Book{Diller88,
  Author =	 "Antoni Diller",
  Title =	 "Compiling Functional Languages",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Annotated bibliography with hundreds of references."
}

@InProceedings{Distefano-OHearn-Yang06,
  author = 	 {Dino Distefano and Peter W. O'Hearn and Hongseok Yang},
  title = 	 {A Local Shape Analysis Based on Separation Logic},
  booktitle = {Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems},
  pages = 	 {287-302},
  year = 	 2006,
  volume = 	 3920,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher =    SV,
  URL =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11691372_19},
  annote = 	 {17 references.}
}

@Article{DoD77,
  Author =	 "Department of Defense",
  Title =	 "Requirements for High Order Computer Programming
                  Languages (Revised ``IRONMAN'')",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1977,
  Pages =	 "39-54"
}

@inproceedings{Dobson-etal00,
 author = {Simon A. Dobson and Paddy Nixon and Vincent P. Wade and Sotirios Terzis and John Fuller},
 title = {Vanilla: An Open Language Framework},
 booktitle = {{GCSE} '99: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering},
 year = {2000},
 pages = {91-104},
 publisher = SV,
 address = {London, UK}
}

@Book{Doets94,
  author =	 "Kees Doets",
  title =	 "From Logic to Logic Programming",
  publisher =	 MITP,
  year =	 1994,
  series =	 "Foundations of Computing Series",
  address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  annote =	 "46 references."
}

@Article{Dominus98,
  author =	 {Mark-Jason Dominus},
  title =	 {Perl: Not Just for Web Programming},
  journal =	 {IEEE Software},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 15,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {69-74},
  annote =	 {3 references.}
}

@Article{Dony-Malenfant-Cointe92,
  Author =	 "Christophe Dony and Jacques Malenfant and Pierre
                  Cointe",
  Title =	 "Prototype-Based Languages: From a Taxonomy to
                  Constructive Proposals and Their Validation",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "201-217",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '92 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@InCollection{Dony88,
  Author =	 "Christophe Dony",
  Title =	 "An Object-Oriented Exception Handling System for an
                  Object-oriented Language",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "146-161",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 322,
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@Article{Dony90,
  Author =	 "Christophe Dony",
  Title =	 "Exception Handling and Object-Oriented Programming:
                  towards a synthesis",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "322-330",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA ECOOP '90 Proceedings}, N. Meyrowitz
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "26 references."
}

@InProceedings{Douence-Motelet-Sudholt01,
  author =       "Remi Douence and Olivier Motelet and Mario Sudholt",
  title =        "A formal definition of crosscuts",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Metalevel Architectures and Separation of Crosscutting
                 Concerns (Reflection 2001)",
  volume =       "2192",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  year =         "2001",
  publisher =    SV,
  address =      "Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York",
  month =        sep,
  pages =        "170-186"
}

@Book{Drake98,
  author =	 {Caleb Drake},
  title =	 {Object-oriented programming with C++ and Smalltalk},
  publisher =	 {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Upper Saddle River, NJ},
  annote =	 {Mostly about language design.}
}

@inproceedings{Drossopoulou-Eisenbach-Wragg99,
  author =	 "Sophia Drossopoulou and Susan Eisenbach and David
                  Wragg",
  title =	 "A Fragment Calculus --- Towards a Model of Separate
                  Compilation, Linking and Binary Compatibility",
  booktitle =	 "Logic in Computer Science",
  pages =	 "147-156",
  year =	 "1999",
  address =	 "Trento, Italy",
  publisher =	 IEEE,
}

@Manual{Duchier-Kornstaedt-Schulte06,
  title = 	 {The {Oz} Base Environment},
  author =	 {Denys Duchier and Leif Kornstaedt and Christian Schulte},
  organization = {mozart-oz.org},
  note =	 {Version 1.3.2},
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 2006,
  URL = 	 {\url{http://www.mozart-oz.org/download/mozart-ftp/store/1.3.2-2006-06-15-print/reference/BaseEnvironment.pdf.gz}},
  annote =	 {1 reference.}
}

@Article{Ducournau-etal92,
  Author =	 "R. Ducournau and M. Habib and M. Huchard and
                  M.L. Mugnier",
  Title =	 "Monotonic Conflict Resolution Mechanisms for
                  Inheritance",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "16-24",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '92 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@InProceedings{Duggan00,
  author =       {Dominic Duggan},
  title =        {A Mixin-Based, Semantics-Based Approach to Reusing Domain-Specific Programming Languages},
  editor =       {Elisa Bertino},
  booktitle =    {ECOOP 2000 -- Object-Oriented Programming 14th European Conference},
  series =       LNCS,
  volume =       1850,
  year =         2000,
  pages =        {179-200},
  annote =       {43 references.}
}

@TechReport{Duke-etal91,
  Author =	 "Roger Duke and Paul King and Gordon Rose and Graeme
                  Smith",
  Title =	 "The Object-Z Specification Language - Version 1",
  Institution =	 "Software Verification Research Centre; The
                  University of Queensland",
  Year =	 1991,
  Number =	 "91-1",
  Address =	 "Queensland 4072",
  Month =	 may,
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@Book{Durham92,
  Title =	 "Applications of Categories in Computer Science",
  BookTitle =	 "Applications of Categories in Computer Science",
  Editor =	 "M. P. Fourman and P. T. Johnstone and A. M. Pitts",
  Year =	 "1992",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Series =	 "London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series",
  Volume =	 "177",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, England"
}

@InProceedings{Dutchyn-etal01,
  Author =	 "Christopher Dutchyn and Duane Szafron and Steven
                  Bromling and Wade Holst",
  Title =	 "Multi-Dispatch in the {Java} Virtual Machine: Design
                  and Implementation",
  BookTitle =	 "Sixth Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies and
                  Systems (COOTS)",
  Year =	 2001,
  Publisher =	 "USENIX",
  Address =	 "Berkeley, CA"
}

@InProceedings{Dvorak-etal04,
  author    = "Daniel Dvorak and Greg Bollella and Tim Canham and Vanessa
          Carson and Virgil Champlin and Brian Giovannoni and Mark
          Indictor and Kenny Meyer and Alex Murray and Kirk
          Reinholtz",
  title     = "{Project Golden Gate: Towards Real-Time Java in Space
          Missions}",
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on
          Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 12-14 May 2004, Vienna, Austria},
  mon       = may,
  date      = "12-14",
  year      = 2004,
  address   = "Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA",
  pages     = {15-22},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}
}

@InProceedings{Dybvig-Friedman-Haynes86,
  Author =	 "R. Kent Dybvig and Daniel P. Friedman and
                  Christopher T. Haynes",
  Title =	 "Expansion-Passing Style: Beyond Conventional Macros",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "143-150",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "Better expressive power and modularity for macros. 7
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Dybvig-Friedman-Haynes86a,
  Author =	 "R. K. Dybvig and D. P. Friedman and C. T. Haynes",
  Title =	 "Expansion-Passing Style: Beyond Conventional Macros",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 195,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1986,
  Note =	 "Also in Proceedings of the 1986 ACM Symposium on
                  LISP and Functional Programming.",
  Annote =	 "Better expressive power and modularity for macros. 7
                  references."
}

@Book{Dybvig03,
  Author =	 {R. Kent Dybvig},
  Title =	 {The Scheme Programming Language},
  Edition =      {Third},
  Year =	 2003,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  Annote =       {24 references.}
}

@Book{Dybvig87,
  Author =	 {R. Kent Dybvig},
  Title =	 {The Scheme Programming Language},
  Year =	 1987,
  Publisher =	 {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
  Address =	 {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey}
}

@Misc{ECLIPSE,
  author =   {Eclipse Foundation},
  title =    {The {Eclipse} {Project}},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.eclipse.org/}},
}

@Article{Earley71,
  Title =	 "Toward an Understanding of Data Structures",
  Author =	 "J. Earley",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1971,
  Month =	 oct,
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 10,
  Pages =	 "617-627"
}

@Article{Earley73,
  Title =	 "Relational Level Data Structures for Programming
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  Author =	 "J. Earley",
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Year =	 1973,
  Volume =	 1,
  Pages =	 "293-309"
}

@Article{Earley75,
  Author =	 "Earley, J.",
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                  Designing Data Structure Representation",
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  Year =	 1975,
  Volume =	 1,
  Pages =	 "321-342"
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@Article{Eckart87,
  Author =	 "J. Dana Eckart",
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  Number =	 4,
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  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "103-110",
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}

@Book{Eckel00,
  author =	 "Bruce Eckel",
  title =	 "Thinking in {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA",
  year =	 "1998",
  edition =	 "2nd edition",
  annote =	 "20 references and some suggested readings."
}

@Book{Eckel98,
  author =	 "Bruce Eckel",
  title =	 "Thinking in {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA",
  year =	 "1998",
  annote =	 "20 references and some suggested readings."
}

@Misc{Eiffel-ECMA05,
  key =          {Eiffel},                  
  editor =       {Bertrand Meyer},                  
  title =	 {Eiffel Analysis, Design and Programming Language},
  howpublished = {ECMA Standard 367},
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 2005,
  annote =       {Section 8.10.5 contains the new rule for behavioral subtyping.},
  URL = {http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-367.pdf}
}

@Book{Eisenberg88,
  Author =	 "Michael Eisenberg",
  Title =	 "Programming in Scheme",
  Year =	 1988,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Note =	 "Edited by Harold Abelson",
  Annote =	 "Examples in PC Scheme. 27 references."
}

@article{Ekman-Hedin07,
 author = {Torbj\"{o}rn Ekman and G\"{o}rel Hedin},
 title = {The {JastAdd} system --- modular extensible compiler construction},
 journal = SCP,
 volume = 69,
 number = {1-3},
 year = 2007,
 pages = {14-26},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2007.02.003},
 publisher = {Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.},
 address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
 annote = {37 references.}
}

@PhdThesis{Ekman06,
  author = 	 {Torbj\"{o}rn Ekman},
  title = 	 {Extensible Compiler Construction},
  school = 	 {Lund University},
  year = 	 2006,
  address =	 {Dept. of Computer Science, Lund, Sweden},
  note =	 {Dissertation 25},
  annote =	 {A collection of papers, all co-authored by G\"{o}rel Hedin.}
}

@InProceedings{Elliott-Hudak97,
  author =	 {Conal Elliott and Paul Hudak},
  title =	 {Functional Reactive Animation},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {263-273},
  annote =	 {23 references.}
}

@Article{Elliott99,
  author =	 {Conal Elliott},
  title =	 {An Embedded Modeling Language Approach to
                  Interactive {3D} and Multimedia Animation},
  journal =	 IEEETSE,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 25,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {291-308},
  annote =	 {35 references.}
}

@TechReport{Ellis-Detlefs93,
  Author =	 "David L. Detlefs and John R. Ellis",
  Title =	 "Safe, Efficient Garbage Collection for {C++}",
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Year =	 1993,
  Number =	 102,
  Address =	 "Palo Alto, CA",
  Month =	 jun,
  Note =	 "Order from src-report@src.dec.com",
  Annote =	 "30 references."
}

@Book{Ellis-Stroustrup90,
  Author =	 "Margaret A. Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup",
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  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Base document for the ANSI Standard. 2 references."
}

@Article{Elrad-Filman-Bader01,
  Author =	 "Tzilla Elrad and Robert E. Filman and Atef Bader",
  Title =	 "Aspect-oriented programming: Introduction",
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  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "29--32",
  Annote =	 "An introduction to the CACM special issue on AOP",
  url =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/383845.383853"
}

@Article{Elrad-etal01,
  Author =	 "Tzilla Elrad and Mehmet Aksit and Gregor Kiczales
                  and Karl Lieberherr and Harold Ossher",
  Title =	 "Discussing aspects of AOP",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "33--38",
  Annote =	 "A panel discussion interview on AOP",
  url =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/383845.383854"
}

@Article{Engelstad-etal,
  Author =	 "Steve Engelstad and Keith Falck and Warren
                  Montgomery and Joe Neumann and others",
  Title =	 "A Dynamic C-Based Onject-Oriented System for Unix",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "73-85",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@InProceedings{Ernst-Kaplan-Chambers98,
  author =	 {Michael D. Ernst and Crag Kaplan and Craig Chambers},
  title =	 {Predicate Dispatching: A Unified Theory of Dispatch},
  year =	 1998,
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '98---Object-Oriented Programming, 
                    12th European Conference, Brussels, Belgium, Proceedings},
  editor = {Eric Jul},
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume =	 1445,
  pages =	 {186-211},
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY,
  URL =
                  {http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/cecil/www/Papers/gud.html}
}

@inproceedings{Ernst-Lorenz03,
  Author =	 {Erik Ernst and David H. Lorenz},
  Booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on
                  Aspect-oriented software development},
  Doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/643603.643619},
  Isbn =	 {1-58113-660-9},
  Local-Url =
                  {file://localhost/Users/cclifton/Documents/OthersPapersAndTalks/p150-ernst.pdf},
  Location =	 {Boston, Massachusetts},
  Pages =	 {150--157},
  Publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  Title =	 {Aspects and polymorphism in {AspectJ}},
  Year =	 {2003}
}

@InProceedings{Erwig97,
  author =	 {Martin Erwig},
  title =	 {Functional Programming with Graphs},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {52-65},
  annote =	 {24 references.}
}

@Article{Eyre-Todd93,
  Author =	 "Richard A. Eyre-Todd",
  Title =	 "The Detection of Dangling References in C++
                  Programs",
  Journal =	 "ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 "1-4",
  Month =	 "March-December",
  Pages =	 "127-134",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Article{Fabry74,
  Author =	 "R. Fabry",
  Title =	 "Capability-Based Addressing",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1974,
  Month =	 jul,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 7,
  Pages =	 "403-412"
}

@InProceedings{Faehndrich-Boyland97,
  author =	 {Manuel F\"{a}hndrich and John Boyland},
  title =	 {Statically Checkable Pattern Abstractions},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {75-84},
  annote =	 {14 references.}
}

@article{Fateman82,
 author = {Richard J. Fateman},
 title = {High-Level Language Implications of the Proposed {IEEE} Floating-Point Standard},
 journal = TOPLAS,
 volume = 4,
 number = 2,
 year = {1982},
 pages = {239-257},
 URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/357162.357168},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 annote = {10 references.}
 }

@InCollection{Feich93,
  Author =	 "Adrian Feich",
  Title =	 "Category of Delta-Functors",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics
                  9th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "S. Brookes and M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove
                  and D. Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 802,
  Pages =	 "567-586",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Feinberg-etal97,
  author =	 "Neal Feinberg and Sonya E. Keene and Robert
                  O. Mathews and P. Tucker Withington.",
  title =	 "The Dylan Programming Book",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley Longman",
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 "Reading, Mass."
}

@Article{Feldman79,
  Author =	 "Jerome A. Feldman",
  Title =	 "High Level Programming for Distributed Computing",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "353-367",
  Annote =	 "Describes the PLITS project, a language for
                  distributed programming that has everything under
                  the sky in it. 32 references."
}

@Book{Felleisen-Findler-Flatt09,
  author = 	 {Matthias Felleisen and Robert Bruce Findler and Matthew Flatt},
  title = 	 {Semantics Engineering with {PLT Redex}},
  publisher = 	 MITP,
  year = 	 2009,
  address = 	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  annote = 	 {118 references.}
}

@TechReport{Felleisen-Friedman86,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Control Operators, the SECD-Machine, and the
                  $\lambda$-Calculus",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 197,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1986,
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@TechReport{Felleisen-Friedman87,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "A Syntactic Theory of Sequential State",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 230,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Felleisen-Friedman89,
  author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman",
  title =	 "A Syntactic Theory of Sequential State",
  journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  year =	 1989,
  volume =	 69,
  pages =	 "243-287",
  annote =	 "Extends call-by-value lambda-calculus with
                  assignments and proves properties of the resulting
                  calculus. Superseded by \cite{Felleisen-Hieb92}."
}

@Book{Felleisen-Friedman97,
  Author =	 {Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman},
  Title =	 {The Little MLer},
  Year =	 1996,
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press"
}

@TechReport{Felleisen-Hieb89,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Robert Hieb",
  Title =	 "The Revised Report on the Syntactic Theories of
                  Sequential Control and State",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Rice University",
  Number =	 "COMP TR89-100",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@Article{Felleisen-Hieb92,
  author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Robert Hieb",
  title =	 "The Revised Report on the Syntactic Theories of
                  Sequential Control and State",
  journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  year =	 "1992",
  volume =	 "103",
  pages =	 "235--271",
  annote =	 "Presents call-by-value lambda-calculi extended with
                  assignment and control constructs. Proves
                  conservative-extension theorems. Improves on
                  Felleisen's earlier calculi by reducing the need for
                  rewrite rules that apply only at the root of terms.",
}

@Article{Felleisen-etal87a,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman and Eugene
                  Kohlbecker and Bruce Duba",
  Title =	 "A Syntactic Theory of Sequential Control",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Volume =	 "52",
  Pages =	 "205-237",
  Year =	 "1987",
  Annote =	 "Algebraic extension of lambda calculus that deals
                  with continuations."
}

@TechReport{Felleisen-etal87b,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman and Bruce
                  Duba and John Merrill",
  Title =	 "Beyond Continuations",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 216,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "New control construct and its denotational
                  definition. 12 references."
}

@Article{Felleisen-etal98,
  author =	 {M. Felleisen and R. B. Findler and M. Flatt and
                  S. Krisnamurthi},
  title =	 {The {DrScheme} Project: An Overview},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {17-23},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
}

@InCollection{Felleisen90,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen",
  Title =	 "On the Expressive Power of Programming Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "ESOP '90 3rd European Symposium on Programming,
                  Copenhagen, Denmark",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "134-151",
  Editor =	 "N. Jones",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 432
}

@Article{Felleisen91,
  Author =	 "Matthias Felleisen",
  Title =	 "On the Expressive Power of Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 SCP,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1991,
  Pages =	 "35-75",
  Publisher =	 "Elsevier",
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 "1-3"
}

@TechReport{Felty-Miller88,
  Author =	 "Amy Felty and Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Specifying Theorem Provers in a Higher-Order Logic
                  Programming Language",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Philadelphia",
  Number =	 "MS-CIS-88-12 and LINC LAB 99",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1988,
  Note =	 "See {\em Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on
                  Automated Deduction}, Argonne, Illinois, May 1988,
                  Spring-Verlag LNCS 310, pages 61-80.",
  Annote =	 "21 references."
}

@Book{Ferguson-Martin-Kaufman91,
  Author =	 "Iain Ferguson and Edward Martin and Burt Kaufman",
  Title =	 "The SCHEMER'S Guide",
  Publisher =	 "Schemers Inc.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Fort Lauderdale, FL",
  Annote =	 "6 references."
}

@Book{Fiedman-Byrd-Kiselyov05,
  author =	 {Daniel P. Friedman and William E. Byrd and Oleg Kiselyov},
  title = 	 {The Reasoned Schemer},
  publisher = 	 MITP,
  year = 	 2005
}

@Book{Field-Harrison88,
  Author =	 "Anthony J. Field and Peter G. Harrison",
  Title =	 "Functional Programming",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading Mass.",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Sections on functional programming with Hope,
                  implementation techniques, and
                  optimization. Description of Hope in appendix. About
                  70 references."
}
                  
@InProceedings{Filinski94,
  Author =	 {Andrzej Filinski},
  Title =	 "Representing Monads",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "446-457",
  Annote =	 "34 references."
}
                  
@InProceedings{Filinski99,
  author =	 {Andrzej Filinski},
  title =	 {Representing Layered Monads},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 99: The 26th ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Antonio, Texas},
  year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {175-188},
  annote =	 {32 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Filman-Friedman00,
  author =	 "Robert E. Filman and Daniel P. Friedman",
  title =	 "Aspect-Oriented Programming is Quantification and
                  Obliviousness",
  booktitle =	 "OOPSLA 2000 Workshop on Advanced Separation of
                  Concerns",
  address =	 "Minneapolis, MN",
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 2000
}

@InCollection{Filman-Friedman04,
  author =	 {Robert E. Filman and Daniel P. Friedman},
  title =	 {Aspect-Oriented Programming is Quantification and
                  Obliviousness},
  booktitle =	 {Aspect-Oriented Software Development},
  year =	 {2004},
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak{\c s}it and Siobhan Clarke and Tzilla
                  Elrad and Robert E. Filman},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley},
  address =	 {Reading, MA},
}

@InProceedings{Filman01,
  author =	 "Robert E. Filman",
  title =	 {What Is Aspect-Oriented Programming, Revisited},
  booktitle =	 {Workshop on Advanced Separation of Concerns (ECOOP
                  2001)},
  address =	 {Budapest, Hungary},
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 2001,
  note =	 "Available from
                  \url{http://trese.cs.utwente.nl/Workshops/ecoop01asoc/papers/Filman.pdf}"
}

@InProceedings{Findler-Flatt99,
  author =	 {Robert Bruce Findler and Matthew Flatt},
  title =	 {Modular Object-Oriented Programming with Units and
                  Mixins},
  BookTitle = {ICFP '99: Proceedings of the fourth ACM SIGPLAN international
                conference on Functional programming},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  pages =	 {94--104},
  annote =	 {45 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Finne-etal99,
  author =	 {Sigbjorn Finne and Daan Leijen and Erik Meijer and
                  Simon Peyton Jones},
  title =	 {{\em H/Direct}: A Binary Foreign Language Interface
                  for Haskell},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {153-162},
  annote =	 {13 references.}
}

@Book{Fischer-Grodzinsky93,
  Author =	 "Alice E. Fischer and Frances S. Grodzinsky",
  Title =	 "The Anatomy of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1993,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Annote =	 "61 references."
}

@Book{Fischer-LeBlanc91,
  Author =	 "Charles N. Fischer and Richard J. LeBlanc, Jr.",
  Title =	 "Crafting a Compiler with C",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 "About 150 references."
}

@Misc{Fisher-Krintz08,
  author = 	 {Kathleen Fisher and Chandra Krintz},
  title = 	 {First {SIGPLAN} Workshop on Undergraduate Programming Language Curricula},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.sigplan.org/pl-workshop/}},
  month = 	 may,
  year = 	 2008,
  note = 	 {Checked June 15, 2008}
}

@Misc{Fisher-Krintz08a,
  author = 	 {Kathleen Fisher and Chandra Krintz},
  title = 	 {Mission Statement of the First {SIGPLAN} Workshop on Undergraduate Programming Language Curricula},
  howpublished = {\url{http://www.sigplan.org/pl-workshop/mission.txt}},
  month = 	 may,
  year = 	 2008,
  note = 	 {Checked June 15, 2008}
}

@techreport{Flack-Hosking-Vitek03,
  author = "C. Flack and T. Hosking and J. Vitek",
  title = "Idioms in {Ovm}",
  institution = "Purdue University Department of Computer Sciences",
  year = 2003,
  number = "CSD-TR-03-017" }


@Article{Flanagan-Felleisen99,
  author =       "Cormac Flanagan and Matthias Felleisen",
  title =        "Componential set-based analysis",
  journal =      "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  volume =       21,
  number =       2,
  pages =        "370-416",
  month =        mar,
  year =         1999,
  annote =     "Set-based analysis."
}


@Book{Flanagan-Matsumoto08,
  author = 	 {David Flanagan and Yukihiro Matsumoto},
  title = 	 {The {Ruby} Programming Language},
  publisher = 	 {O'Reilly},
  year = 	 2008,
  address = 	 {Cambridge},
  annote = 	 {Ruby 1.8 and 1.9.}
}

@Article{Flanagan-etal96,
  author =	 {Cormac Flanagan and Matthew Flatt and Shriram
                  Krishnamurthi and Stephanie Weirich and Matthias
                  Felleisen},
  title =	 {Catching Bugs in the Web of Program Invariants},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {23-32},
  note =	 {Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                  Programming Language Design and Implementation
                  (PLDI).},
  annote =	 {28 references.}
}

@Book{Flanagan97,
  author =	 "David Flanagan",
  title =	 "Java in a Nutshell: a desktop quick reference",
  publisher =	 "O'Reilly \& {Associates, Inc.}",
  address =	 "981 Chestnut Street, Newton, MA 02164",
  year =	 1997,
  edition =	 "Second",
  series =	 "A Nutshell handbook",
  url =		 "http://www.ora.com/info/java",
  annote =	 "Covers Java 1.1.",
  keywords =	 "Java (Computer program language); World Wide Web
                  servers.; Object-oriented programming (Computer
                  science)"
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/503272.503291,
author = {Flanagan, Cormac and Qadeer, Shaz},
title = {Predicate Abstraction for Software Verification},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581134509},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/503272.503291},
doi = {10.1145/503272.503291},
abstract = {Software verification is an important and difficult problem. Many static checking
techniques for software require annotations from the programmer in the form of method
specifications and loop invariants. This annotation overhead, particularly of loop
invariants, is a significant hurdle in the acceptance of static checking. We reduce
the annotation burden by inferring loop invariants automatically.Our method is based
on predicate abstraction, an abstract interpretation technique in which the abstract
domain is constructed from a given set of predicates over program variables. A novel
feature of our approach is that it infers universally-quantified loop invariants,
which are crucial for verifying programs that manipulate unbounded data such as arrays.
We present heuristics for generating appropriate predicates for each loop automatically;
the programmer can specify additional predicates as well. We also present an efficient
algorithm for computing the abstraction of a set of states in terms of a collection
of predicates.Experiments on a 44KLOC program show that our approach can automatically
infer the necessary predicates and invariants for all but 31 of the 396 routines that
contain loops.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages},
pages = {191–202},
numpages = {12},
location = {Portland, Oregon},
series = {POPL '02}
}

% doi = {10.1145/565816.503291},
@article{Flanagan-Qadeer02,
author = {Cormac Flanagan and Shaz Qadeer},
title = {Predicate Abstraction for Software Verification},
year = {2002},
issue_date = {Jan. 2002},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
issn = {0362-1340},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/565816.503291},
abstract = {Software verification is an important and difficult problem. Many static checking
techniques for software require annotations from the programmer in the form of method
specifications and loop invariants. This annotation overhead, particularly of loop
invariants, is a significant hurdle in the acceptance of static checking. We reduce
the annotation burden by inferring loop invariants automatically.Our method is based
on predicate abstraction, an abstract interpretation technique in which the abstract
domain is constructed from a given set of predicates over program variables. A novel
feature of our approach is that it infers universally-quantified loop invariants,
which are crucial for verifying programs that manipulate unbounded data such as arrays.
We present heuristics for generating appropriate predicates for each loop automatically;
the programmer can specify additional predicates as well. We also present an efficient
algorithm for computing the abstraction of a set of states in terms of a collection
of predicates.Experiments on a 44KLOC program show that our approach can automatically
infer the necessary predicates and invariants for all but 31 of the 396 routines that
contain loops.},
journal = {SIGPLAN Not.},
month = jan,
pages = {191–202},
numpages = {12}
}

@InCollection{Flatt-Krishnamurthi-Felleisen99,
  author = 	 {Matthew Flatt and Shriram Krishnamurthi and Matthias Felleisen},
  title = 	 {A programmer's reduction semantics for classes and mixins},
  booktitle = 	 {Formal Syntax and Semantics of Java},
  pages =	 {241-269},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1999,
  chapter =	 7,
  URL =          {http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/flatt99programmers.html}
}

@Article{Flon75,
  Author =	 "Lawrence Flon",
  Title =	 "On Research in Structured Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "16-17",
  Annote =	 "Presents the following axiom: There does not now,
                  nor will there ever, exist a programming language in
                  which it is the least bit hard to write bad
                  programs."
}

@Article{Floyd79,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Floyd",
  Title =	 "The Paradigms of Programming",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1979,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 8,
  Pages =	 "455-460",
  Annote =	 "Discusses the importance of paradigms of
                  programming, that is ways or techniques of
                  programming. Their use in evaluating the
                  expressiveness of a language. 29 references"
}

@inproceedings{Ford02,
    author = "Bryan Ford",
    title = "Packrat Parsing: Simple, Powerful, Lazy, Linear Time",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference
                on Functional Programming",
    year = "2002",
    month = oct,
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/534158.html"
}

@Book{Forman-Danforth99,
  author =	 {Ira R. Forman and Scott H. Danforth},
  title =	 {Putting metaclasses to work: a new dimension in
                  object-oriented programming},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.},
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 {Redwood City, CA}
}

@InCollection{Freeman-Benson-Borning92,
  Author =	 "Bjorn N. Freeman-Benson and Alan Borning",
  Title =	 "Integrating Constraints with an Object-Oriented
                  Language",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "268-286",
  Annote =	 "39 references"
}

@Article{Freeman-Benson90,
  Author =	 "Bjorn N. Freeman-Benson",
  Title =	 "Kaleidoscope: Mixing Objects, Constraints, and
                  Imperative Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "77-88",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA ECOOP '90 Proceedings}, N. Meyrowitz
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Frenger97,
  author =	 {Paul Frenger},
  title =	 {Part One: A Review of Robotics Languages},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {27-31},
  annote =	 {22 references.}
}

@Book{Friedman-Felleisen87,
  Author =	 {Daniel P. Friedman and Matthias Felleisen},
  Title =	 {The Little LISPer},
  Year =	 1987,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Edition =	 "Trade"
}

@Book{Friedman-Felleisen96,
  Author =	 {Daniel P. Friedman and Matthias Felleisen},
  Title =	 {The Little Schemer},
  Year =	 1996,
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  Edition =	 "Fourth",
  ISBN =	 "0-0262-56099-2"
}

@Book{Friedman-Felleisen96b,
  Author =	 {Daniel P. Friedman and Matthias Felleisen},
  Title =	 {The Seasoned Schemer},
  Year =	 1996,
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press"
}

@Book{Friedman-Wand-Haynes01,
  Author =	 "Daniel P. Friedman and Mitchell Wand and Christopher
                  T. Haynes",
  Title =	 "Essentials of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 2001,
  Edition =      "Second",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Text on programming languages,
                  concentrating on semantics of imperative languages
                  using interpreters. Also some disucssion of
                  compilation. 59 references."
}

@Book{Friedman-Wand-Haynes92,
  Author =	 "Daniel P. Friedman and Mitchell Wand and Christopher
                  T. Haynes",
  Title =	 "Essentials of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 McGraw-Hill,
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Graduate text on programming languages,
                  concentrating on semantics of imperative languages
                  using interpreters. Also some disucssion of
                  compilation. 59 references."
}

@InProceedings{Friedman-Wise80,
  Author =	 "Daniel P. Friedman and David S. Wise",
  Title =	 "An Indeterminate Constructor for Applicative
                  Programming",
  Pages =	 "245-250",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Seventh Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Las Vegas, Nevada",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1980,
  Annote =	 "Putting contention in data structures instead of
                  control. The frons constructor which makes a
                  sequence whose order is not determined until
                  probed. 11 references."
}


@InCollection{Friedman75,
  Author =	 "H. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Equality between Functionals.",
  BookTitle =	 "Logic Colloquium, Symposium on Logic Held at Boston,
                  1972-73",
  Editor =	 "R. Parikh",
  Series =	 "Lecture Notes in Mathematics",
  Volume =	 453,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "22-37"
}

@Book{Friedman91,
  Author =	 "Linda Weiser Friedman",
  Title =	 "Comparative Programming Languages, Generalizing The
                  Programming Function",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632",
  Annote =	 "Catagorized Bibliography"
}

@inproceedings{ Friendly95,
  author =	 "Lisa Friendly",
  title =	 "The Design of Distributed Hyperlinked Programming
                  Documentation",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the International Workshop on
                  Hypermedia Design ({IWHD}'95), Montpellier, France,
                  1--2 June 1995",
  publisher =	 SV,
  editor =	 {S. Fra\"{i}ss\`{e} and F. Garzotto and T. Isakowitz
                  and J. Nanard and M. Nanard},
  pages =	 "151--173",
  year =	 "1995",
  url =		 "citeseer.nj.nec.com/friendly95design.html"
}

@Article{Frisbie-Hendrickson-Metcalf97,
  author =	 {Ralph Frisbie and Richard Hendrickson and Michael
                  Metcalf},
  title =	 {The {F} Programming Language},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {69-74},
  annote =	 {2 references.}
}

@Article{Frost90,
  Author =	 "Richard A. Frost",
  Title =	 "Constructing Programs in a Calculus of Lazy
                  Interpreters",
  Journal =	 SIGSOFT,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "30-41",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT: International
                  Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Development,
                  Mark Moriconi (editor).",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Article{Fuchi-etal93,
  Author =	 "Kazuhiro Fuchi and Robert Kowalski and Koichi
                  Furukawa and Kazunori Ueda and Ken Kahn and Takashi
                  Chikayama and Evan Tick",
  Title =	 "The Fifth Generation Project: Launching the New Era",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 mar,
  Volume =	 36,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "49-99"
}

@Article{Fukunaga-Hirose86,
  Author =	 "Koichi Fukunaga and Shin-ichi Hirose",
  Title =	 "An Experience with a Prolog-based Object-Oriented
                  Language",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "224-231",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Describes experience with SPOOL, an object-oriented
                  language based on Prolog. Higher-order control,
                  anonymous message passing. Both procedural and
                  declarative knowledge is represented in the same
                  formalizm in SPOOL. 15 references."
}

@InCollection{Gabbrrielli-levi-Martelli93,
  Author =	 "M. Gabbrielli and G. Levi and M. Martelli",
  Title =	 "New Semantic Tools for Logic Programming",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 666,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Baker and W. P. de Rover and G. Rozenberg",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "Semantics: Foundations and Applications REX
                  Workshop",
  Page =	 "204-235",
  Annote =	 "80 references"
}

@Article{Gabriel-White-Bobrow91,
  Author =	 "Richard P. Gabriel and Jon L. White and Daniel
                  G. Bobrow",
  Title =	 "CLOS: Integrating Object-Oriented and Functional
                  Programming",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 34,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "28-38",
  Annote =	 "15 references."
}

@Article{Gabriel93,
  Author =	 "Richard P. Gabriel",
  Title =	 "The end of history and the last programming
                  language",
  Journal =	 JOOP,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "90-94",
  Annote =	 "1 reference."
}

@InProceedings{Gagnon-Hendren98,
  Author =	 "Etienne Gagnon and Laurie J. Hendren",
  Title =	 "{SableCC}, an Object-Oriented Compiler Framework",
  BookTitle =	 {International Conference on Technology of
                  Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS '98),
                  Santa Barbara, California},
  Publisher =	 {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  address =	 {Los Alamitos, California},
  Year =	 1998,
}

@TechReport{Galley-Pfister79,
  Author =	 "S. W. Galley and Greg Pfister",
  Title =	 "The MDL Programming Language",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1979,
  Month =	 may,
  Annote =	 "Reference Manual for MDL."
}

@Article{Ganapathi-Mendal89,
  Author =	 "Mahadevan Ganapathi and Geoffrey O. Mendal",
  Title =	 "Issues in Ada Compiler Technology",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Year =	 1988,
  Month =	 feb,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "52-60",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Article{Gannon75,
  Author =	 "J. D. Gannon and J. J. Horning",
  Title =	 "The Impact of Language Design on Reliable Software",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the 1975 International Conference on
                  Reliable Software",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1975,
  Month =	 jun,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 6,
  Pages =	 "10-22"
}

@Article{Garg88,
  Author =	 "Pankaj K. Garg",
  Title =	 "Abstraction Mechanisms in Hypertext",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Volume =	 31,
  Number =	 7,
  Pages =	 "862-870",
  Annote =	 "16 references"
}

@inproceedings{Garlan-Scott93,
 author = {David Garlan and Curtis Scott},
 title = {Adding implicit invocation to traditional programming languages},
 booktitle = {ICSE '93: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Software Engineering},
 year = {1993},
 isbn = {0-89791-588-7},
 pages = {447-455},
 location = {Baltimore, Maryland, United States},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
 address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}

@InProceedings{Garrigue-Ait-Kaci94,
  Author =	 {Jacques Garrigue and Hassan A\"{i}t Kaci},
  Title =	 "The Typed Polymorphic Label-Selective
                  $\lambda$-calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "34-47",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@Book{Gehani85,
  Author =	 "Narain Gehani",
  Title =	 "Advanced C : food for the educated palate",
  Publisher =	 "Computer Science Press",
  Year =	 1985,
  Address =	 "Rockville, Md."
}

@InProceedings{Gelernter-Jagannathan-London87,
  Author =	 "David Gelernter and Suresh Jagannathan and Thomas
                  London",
  Title =	 "Environments as First Class Objects",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Fourteenth Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Munich",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "98-110",
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@Book{Gelernter-Jagannathan90,
  Author =	 "David Gelernter and Suresh Jagannathan",
  Title =	 "Programming Linguistics",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "137 references."
}

@InProceedings{Genius-Trapp-Zimmermann98,
  author =	 "D. Genius and M. Trapp and W. Zimmermann",
  title =	 "An Approach to Improve Locality Using Sandwich
                  Types",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 2nd Types in Compilation
                  Workshop, Kyoto, Japan",
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume =	 1473,
  pages =	 "194ff",
  year =	 1998,
  month =	 mar,
  publisher =	 SV
}

@Article{Geschke-Mitchell75,
  Title =	 "On the Problem of Uniform Referents to Data
                  Structures",
  Author =	 "C. M. Geschke and J. G. Mitchell",
  Journal =	 IEEESE,
  Year =	 1975,
  Month =	 jun,
  Pages =	 "207-219",
  Annote =	 "Modules with fixed interfaces and modifiable
                  representations; also in 1975 Reliable Software
                  Conference."
}

@inproceedings{Gestegard-Robertz-etal07,
    Author = {Sven {Gestegard Robertz} and Roger Henriksson and Klas Nilsson and Anders Blomdell and Ivan Tarasov},
    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Java technologies for real-time and embedded systems (JTRES)},
    Location = {Vienna, Austria},
    Pages = {104--110},
    Title = {Using Real-time {Java} for Industrial Robot Control},
    Year = {2007}}

@Book{Geurts-Meertens-Pemberton90,
  Author =	 "Leo Geurts and Lambert Meertens and Steven
                  Pemberton",
  Title =	 "ABC Programmer's Handbook",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "London",
  Note =	 "ISBN 0-13-000027-2"
}

@Book{Ghezzi-Jazayeri87,
  Author =	 "Carlo Ghezzi and Mehdi Jazayeri",
  Title =	 "Programming Language Concepts 2/E",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@InProceedings{Gibbons-Jones99,
  author =	 {Jeremy Gibbons and Geraint Jones},
  title =	 {The Under-Appreciated Unfold},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {273-279},
  annote =	 {Code in Haskell. 26 references.}
}

@TechReport{Gifford-etal87,
  Author =	 "David K. Gifford and Pierre Jouvelot and John
                  M. Lucassen and Mark A. Sheldon",
  Title =	 "FX-87 Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1987,
  Number =	 "TR-407",
  Annote =	 "Support for parallel applications. Mix of functional
                  and imperative programming. Type and effect checking
                  and inference."
}

@Article{Gilmore-Tsiknis93,
  Author =	 "Paul C. Gilmore and George K. Tsiknis",
  Title =	 "Logical Foundations for Programming Semantics",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 111,
  Number =	 "1-2",
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "253-290"
}

@Book{Gittleman03,
  author =	 {Art Gittleman},
  title = 	 {Computing with {C\#} and the {.NET} Framework},
  publisher = 	 {Jones and Bartlett},
  year = 	 2003,
  address =	 {Sudbury, Mass.},
  annote =	 {CS-1 course text.}
}

@Book{Glaser-Hankin-Till84,
  Author =	 "Hugh Glaser and Chris Hankin and David Till",
  Title =	 "Principles of functional programming",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1984,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Note =	 "Call Number QA76.6 .G558 1984",
  Annote =	 "Includes index - Bibliography: p. 229-231"
}

@InCollection{Goguen-Meseguer86,
  Author =	 "Joseph A. Goguen and Jos\'{e} Meseguer",
  Title =	 "Eqlog: Equality, Types, and Generic Modules for
                  Logic Programming",
  BookTitle =	 "Functional and Logic Programming",
  Editor =	 "Douglas DeGroot and Gary Lindstrom",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 "1986",
  Pages =	 "295-363",
  Note =	 "An earlier version appeared in the {\em Journal of
                  Logic Programming}, 1984, Volume 1, Number 2, Pages
                  179-209.",
  Annote =	 "Logic programming language with both Horn clause
                  relational programming and functional
                  programming. 91 references."
}

@InCollection{Goguen-Meseguer87a,
  Author =	 "Joseph A. Goguen and Jos\'{e} Meseguer",
  Title =	 "Unifying Functional, Object-Oriented and Relational
                  Programming with Logical Semantics",
  Editor =	 "Bruce Shriver and Peter Wegner",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "417-477",
  Annote =	 "57 references."
}

@TechReport{Goguen-Winkler88,
  Author =	 "Joseph A. Goguen and Timothy Winkler",
  Title =	 "Introducing OBJ3",
  Institution = "Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International",
  Number =	 "SRI-CSL-88-9",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 "1988"
}

@TechReport{Goguen88,
  Author =	 "Joseph A. Goguen",
  Title =	 "Higher Order Functions Consideered Unnecessary for
                  Higher Order Programming",
  Institution = "Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International",
  Number =	 "SRI-CSL-88-1",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 "1988",
  Annote =	 "Higher order programs and logic should be avoided
                  when possible in favor of parameterized
                  programming. Long discussion of OBJ. 83 references."
}

@Book{Goldberg84,
  Author =	 "Adele Goldberg",
  Title =	 "Smalltalk-80: The Interactive Programming
                  Environment",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "The Smalltalk-80 programming environment."
}

@Article{Gomard92,
  Author =	 "Carsten K. Gomard",
  Title =	 "A Self-Applicable Partial Evaluator for the Lambda
                  Calculus: Correctness and Pragmatics",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "157-172",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@Article{Gonzalez-Carvajal-Mora98,
  author =	 {Yania Crespo Gonz\'{a}lez-Carvajal and Miguel Katrib
                  Mora},
  title =	 {More About System-Level Validity in Eiffel},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 11,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {40-49},
  annote =	 {Two more problems with type safety in Eiffel. 11
                  references.}
}

@Article{Goodenough75,
  Author =	 "J. B. Goodenough",
  Title =	 "Exception Handling: Issues and a Proposed Notation",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1975,
  Month =	 dec,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 12,
  Pages =	 "683-696"
}
                  
@InProceedings{Goodenough75a,
  author = "John B. Goodenough",
  title = "Structured exception handling",
  booktitle = "Conference Record of the Second ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Programming Languages",
  year = 1975,
  month = jan,
  publisher = "ACM",
  pages = "204-224",
  address = NY
}

@Book{Gordon-etal79,
  Title =	 "Edinburgh LCF",
  Author =	 "Michael J. Gordon and Robin Milner and Christopher
                  P. Wadsworth",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 78,
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "13-56",
  Note =	 "The second author is listed on the cover as Arthur
                  J. Milner, which is clearly a mistake.",
  Annote =	 "ML is part of the proof system called LCF. ML has
                  type inference, data abstraction and signals. 48
                  references."
}

@Book{Gordon79,
  Author =	 "Michael J. C. Gordon",
  Title =	 "The Denotational Description of Programming
                  Languages",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1979,
  Annote =	 "26 references"
}

@Book{Gordon88,
  Author =	 "Michael J. C. Gordon",
  Title =	 "Programming Language Theory and its Implementation",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 NY,
  Series =	 "Prentice Hall International Series in Computer
                  Science",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Program specification, verification, theorem
                  proving, lambda calculus, combinators, LISP, and
                  mechanized versions of these. 74 references."
}

@Book{Gosling-Joy-Steele96,
  author =	 "James Gosling and Bill Joy and Guy Steele",
  title =	 "The {Java} Language Specification",
  publisher =	 "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey",
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  year =	 1996,
  ISBN =	 "0-201-63451-1",
  LCCN =	 "QA76.73.J38G68 1996",
  series =	 "The Java Series",
  url =		 "http://www.aw.com/cp/javaseries.html",
  keywords =	 "computers and computer technology; Java (Computer
                  program language); Java (computer program language);
                  programming languages (electronic computers);
                  technology --"
}

@TechReport{Gosling-McGilton96,
  author =	 "James Gosling and Henry {McGilton}",
  title =	 "The {Java} Language Environment: A White Paper",
  year =	 "1996",
  month =	 jun,
  institution =	 "Sun Microsystems",
  url =		 "http://java.sun.com/docs/white/langenv/"
}

@Book{Gosling-etal00,
  author =	 "James Gosling and Bill Joy and Guy Steele and Gilad
                  Bracha",
  title =	 "The {Java} Language Specification Second Edition",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  address =	 "Boston, Mass.",
  year =	 2000,
  ISBN =	 "0-201-31008-2",
  series =	 "The Java Series",
  url =		 "http://www.aw.com/cp/javaseries.html"
}

@book{Gosling-etal05a,
  author =	 "James Gosling and Bill Joy and Guy Steele and Gilad Bracha",
  Address = {Boston, Mass.},
  Title = {The {Java} Language Specification, Third Edition},
  Publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  Series = {The Java Series},
  Year = {2005}
}

@InProceedings{Gotsman-Berdine-Cook06,
  author = 	 {Alexey Gotsman and Josh Berdine and Byron Cook},
  title = 	 {Interprocedural Shape Analysis with Separated Heap Abstractions},
  booktitle =    {Static Analysis},
  pages = 	 {240-260},
  year = 	 2006,
  volume = 	 4134,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher =    SV,
  URL =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11823230_16},
  annote = 	 {16 references.}
}

@Article{Govindrajan,
  Author =	 "Govindrajan",
  Title =	 "Exception Handlers in Functional Programming
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  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
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  Month =	 aug,
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  Number =	 8,
  Pages =	 "826-834",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Book{Graham94,
  Author =	 "Paul Graham",
  Title =	 "On Lisp: Advanced Techniques for Common Lisp",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ"
}

@Book{Graham04,
  title =	"Hackers and Painters -- Big Ideas from the Computer Age",
  author =	"Paul Graham",
  publisher =	"O'Reilly",
  year = 	"2004",
  ISBN = 	"978-0-596-00662-4",
  URL =  	"http://www.oreilly.de/catalog/hackpaint/index.html",
}

@Article{Gray-etal92,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Gray and Vincent P. Heuring and Steven
                  P. Levi and Anthony M. Sloane and William M. Waite",
  Title =	 "Eli: A Complete, Flexible Compiler Construction
                  System",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 35,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "121-131",
  Annote =	 "20 references"
}

@Article{Gray-etal98,
  author =	 {David N. Gray and John Hotchkiss and Seth LaForge
                  and Andrew Shalit and Toby Weinberg},
  title =	 {Modern Languages and {Microsoft's} Component Object
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  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {55-65},
  annote =	 {Especially how to adapt Dylan to COM. 6 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Grimm06,
  author = 	 {Robert Grimm},
  title = 	 {Better Extensibility through Modular Syntax},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedsings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI)},
  pages =	 {38-51},
  year =	 2006,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 6,
  series =	 SIGPLAN,
  month =	 jun,
  organization = ACM,
  annote =	 {42 references.}
}

@Book{Griswold-Griswold83,
  Author =	 "Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold",
  Title =	 "The Icon Programming Language",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Coroutines and extensive string facilities. 16
                  references."
}

@Book{Griswold-Poage-Polonsky71,
  Author =	 "R. E. Griswold and J. F. Poage and I. P. Polonsky",
  Title =	 "The SNOBOL4 Programming Language (second edition)",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1971,
  Annote =	 "String facilities without equal."
}

@Article{Griswold85,
  Author =	 "Ralph E. Griswold",
  Title =	 "Rebus--A SNOBOL4/Icon Hybrid",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 20,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "7-20",
  Annote =	 "Discusses the pattern matching facilities of SNOBOL4
                  and why they still seem to be missing even in
                  Icon. Rebus is a thought design to see how the
                  pattern matching language of SNOBOL4 can be brought
                  into a more structured framework. Several
                  examples. 18 references."
}

@Techreport{Grogno92,
  Author =	 "Peter Grogno",
  Title =	 "The Dee Report",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Concordia
                  University",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Montreal, Quebec, Canada",
  Number =	 "OOP-91-2",
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Article{Grogono-Gargul94,
  Author =	 "Peter Grogono and Mark Gargul",
  Title =	 "A Graph Model for Object Oriented Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 29,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "21-28",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@InProceedings{Grogono-Sakkinen00,
  author =       {Peter Grogono and Markku Sakkinen},
  title =        {Copying and Comparing: Problems and Solutions},
  editor =       {Elisa Bertino},
  booktitle =    {ECOOP 2000 -- Object-Oriented Programming 14th European Conference},
  series =       LNCS,
  volume =       1850,
  year =         2000,
  pages =        {226-250},
  annote =       {21 references.}
}

@Article{Grogono90,
  Author =	 "Peter Grogono",
  Title =	 "Issues in the Design of an Object Oriented
                  Programming Language",
  Journal =	 "Structured Programming",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "1-15",
  Annote =	 "34 references."
}

@InProceedings{Grothoff03,
  author =	 {Christian Grothoff},
  title =	 {Walkabout revisited: The {Runabout}},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP 2003---Object-Oriented Programming, 17th
                  European Conference, Darmstadt, Germany,
                  Proceedings},
  editor = {Luca Cardelli},
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume = 2743,
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 {July},
  year =	 2003,
  pages = {103--125}
}

@Article{Guerraoui98,
  author =	 "Rachid Guerraoui and others",
  title =	 "Strategic Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "691-700",
  month =	 dec,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "29 references."
}

% doi = {10.1145/1375581.1375616},
@inproceedings{Gulwani-Srivastava-Venkatesan08,
author = {Sumit Gulwani and Saurabh Srivastava and Ramarathnam Venkatesan},
title = {Program Analysis as Constraint Solving},
year = {2008},
isbn = {9781595938602},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1375581.1375616},
abstract = {A constraint-based approach to invariant generation in programs translates a program
into constraints that are solved using off-the-shelf constraint solvers to yield desired
program invariants.In this paper we show how the constraint-based approach can be
used to model a wide spectrum of program analyses in an expressive domain containing
disjunctions and conjunctions of linear inequalities. In particular, we show how to
model the problem of context-sensitive interprocedural program verification. We also
present the first constraint-based approach to weakest precondition and strongest
postcondition inference. The constraints we generate are boolean combinations of quadratic
inequalities over integer variables. We reduce these constraints to SAT formulae using
bitvector modeling and use off-the-shelf SAT solvers to solve them.Furthermore, we
present interesting applications of the above analyses, namely bounds analysis and
generation of most-general counter-examples for both safety and termination properties.
We also present encouraging preliminary experimental results demonstrating the feasibility
of our technique on a variety of challenging examples.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation},
pages = {281–292},
numpages = {12},
keywords = {weakest precondition, most-general counterexamples, non-termination analysis, bounds analysis, constraint solving, program verification, strongest postcondition},
location = {Tucson, AZ, USA},
series = {PLDI '08}
}

@Article{Gunter-Mitchell-Notkin96,
  author =	 "Carl Gunter and John Mitchell and David Notkin",
  title =	 "Strategic Directions in Software Engineering and
                  Programming Languages",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "727-737",
  month =	 dec,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "20 references."
}

@InCollection{Gunter-Scott90,
  Author =	 "C. A. Gunter and D. S. Scott",
  Title =	 "Semantic Domains",
  BookTitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Chapter =	 8,
  Pages =	 "633-674",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Editor =	 "J. van Leeuwen",
  Publisher =	 "North-Holland",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@TechReport{Gunter90,
  Author =	 "Carl A. Gunter",
  Title =	 "Structures and Techniques for the Semantics of
                  Programming Languages",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1990,
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Pennsylvania",
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@book{Gunter92,
  Author =	 "C. A. Gunter",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Programming Languages: Structures and
                  Techniques",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Series =	 "Foundations of Computing",
  Year =	 "1992",
  Annote =	 "274 references."
}

@InCollection{Gurevich-Huggins92,
  Author =	 "Yuri Gurevich and James K. Huggins",
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  BookTitle =	 "Computer Science Logic, Proceedings, 1992",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 {E. B\"{o}rger and others},
  Pages =	 "274-308",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 702,
  Address =	 NY,
  Note =	 "Errata to appear in the 1993 Computer Science Logic
                  proceedings. Corrected copy obtained from the
                  authors."
}

@Article{Gurevich91,
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  Title =	 "Evolving Algebras: A Tutorial Introduction",
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  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@InCollection{Gurevich93,
  Author =	 "Yuri Gurevich",
  Title =	 "Evolving Algebras: An Attempt to Discover Semantics",
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  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "G. Rozenberg and A. Salomaa",
  Pages =	 "266-292"
}

@TechReport{Gyssens-Gucht87,
  Author =	 "Marc Gyssens and Dirk Van Gucht",
  Title =	 "The Powerset Operator as an Algebraic Tool for
                  Understanding Least Fixpoint Semantics in the
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  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 233,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@Article{Habermann73,
  Author =	 "A. N. Habermann",
  Title =	 "Critical Comments on the Programming Language
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  Number =	 1,
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  Annote =	 "Complaints about the report's shortcomings, and the
                  confusion of ranges, types, and structures. Also
                  complains about gotos. 9 references."
}

@inproceedings{Habulot-Gurd06,
 author = {Bruno Harbulot and John R. Gurd},
 title = {A join point for loops in {AspectJ}},
 booktitle = {AOSD 06},
 year = 2006,
 pages = {63-74},
 location = {Bonn, Germany},
}

@InCollection{Hagimont94,
  Author =	 "Daniel Hagimont",
  Title =	 "Protection in the Guide Object-Oriented Distributed
                  System",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Programming 8th European Conference,
                  ECOOP '94 Bologna, Italy, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Mario Tokoro and Remo Pareschi",
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  Volume =	 821,
  Pages =	 "280-298",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jul,
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@Article{Hailpern-Ossher90,
  Author =	 "Brent Hailpern and Harold Ossher",
  Title =	 "Extending Objects to Support Multiple Interfaces and
                  Access Control",
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  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "1247-1257",
  Note =	 "Also technical report RC 14016 (\#69273), IBM
                  Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center,
                  March, 1990",
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@Article{Halbwachs-Lagnier-Ratel92,
  title =	"Programming and Verifying Real-Time Systems by Means
		 of the Synchronous Data-Flow Language {LUSTRE}",
  author =	"Nicolas Halbwachs and Fabienne Lagnier and Christophe
		 Ratel",
  journal =	IEEETSE,
  pages =	"785-793",
  month =	sep,
  year = 	1992,
  volume =	18,
  number =	9
}
                  
@InProceedings{Halbwachs05,
  title =	"A synchronous language at work: the story of {Lustre}",
  author =	"Nicolas Halbwachs",
  publisher =	"IEEE",
  address =     "Los Alamitos, CA",
  year = 	2005,
  booktitle =	"MEMOCODE",
  pages =	"3--11",
  URL =  	"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MEMCOD.2005.1487884"
}

@Book{Halloway09,
  author = 	 {Stuart Halloway},
  title = 	 {Programming {Clojure}},
  publisher = 	 {The Pragmatic Bookshelf},
  year = 	 2009,
  address = 	 {Raleigh, NC},
  annote = 	 {3 references.}
}

@Article{Halstead85,
  Author =	 "Robert H. Halstead, Jr.",
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  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1985,
  Annote =	 "Version of the Lisp dialect Scheme with constructs
                  for parallel execution. The key extension is
                  futures, but also supports abstract data
                  types. Discussion of appropriate style. Discussion
                  of the implementation and performance. 56
                  references."
}

@Article{Hammerschmidt07,
  key           = "JI",
  title         = {Test platform connects OEMs and tier-ones},
  author        = {Christoph Hammerschmidt},
  year      = 2007,
  month     = Oct,
  journal   = {EE Time Europe},
  url       = {http://www.eeproductcenter.com/test-measure/brief/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202401987}
}

@article{Hammond-Rayward-Smith84,
author = {K. Hammond and V.J. Rayward-Smith},
title = {A survey on syntactic error recovery and repair},
journal = {Computer Languages},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {51-67},
year = {1984},
issn = {0096-0551},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(84)90012-2},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0096055184900122},
keywords = {Compilers, Parsing, LL parsing, LR parsing, Error recovery, Error correction},
abstract = {A survey of syntactic error recovery and repair schemes is presented. Emphasis is placed on the most practical of the current schemes and properties of these are assessed. Categories and subject descriptions: D3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors—compilers; parsing; translator writing systems and compiler generators. F4.2 [Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages]: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems—parsing.}
}

@InProceedings{Hankin-Le-Metayer94,
  Author =	 {Chris Hankin and Daniel Le M\'{e}tayer},
  Title =	 "Deriving algorithms from type inference systems:
                  Application to strictness analysis",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "202-212",
  Annote =	 "26 references."
}

@Article{Hankin-Nielson-Palsberg96,
  author =	 "Chris Hankin and Hanne Riis Nielson and Jens
                  Palsberg and others",
  title =	 "Strategic Directions in Research on Programming
                  Languages",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "644-652",
  month =	 dec,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Article{Hankin-Nielson-Palsberg97,
  author =	 "Chris Hankin and Hanne Riis Nielson and Jens
                  Palsberg",
  title =	 "Position Statements on Strategic Directions in
                  Research on Programming Languages",
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {58-65},
  annote =	 {1 reference.}
}

@Article{Hankin-Nielson96,
  author =	 "Chris Hankin and Hanne R. Nielson",
  title =	 "Symposium on Models of Programming Languages and
                  Computation",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "293-294",
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "Introduction to special section."
}

@Unpublished{Hannan-Miller88,
  Author =	 "John Hanna and Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Enriching A Meta-Language With Higher-Order
                  Features",
  Note =	 "This is a revised version of a paper submitted to
                  the Workshop on Meta-Programming in Logic
                  Programming",
  Annote =	 "29 references.",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1988
}

@Article{Hanson-Griswold78,
  Author =	 "David R. Hanson and Ralph E. Griswold",
  Title =	 "The SL5 Procedure Mechanism",
  Journal =	 CACM,
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  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "392-400",
  Annote =	 "28 references."
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@Article{Hanson81,
  Author =	 "David R. Hanson",
  Title =	 "Is Block Structure Necessary?",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 11,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "853-866",
  Annote =	 "Arguments against block structure and in favor of
                  modules. The prime argument is the inefficiency of
                  the display mechanism when up-level addressing is
                  permitted. 38 references"
}

@Book{Harbison-Steele87,
  Author =	 "Samuel P. Harbison and Guy Steele",
  Title =	 "C, A Reference Manual",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Includes draft proposed ANSI C standards."
}

@Book{Harbison92,
  Author =	 "Samuel P. Harbison",
  Title =	 "Modula-3",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Englewood-Cliffs, NJ",
  Annote =	 "Complete Guide to writing Modula-3 programs."
}

@Book{Harland86,
  Author =	 "David M. Harland",
  Title =	 "Concurrency and Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Halsted Press",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1986
}

@TechReport{Harnett91,
  Author =	 "Sheila A. Harnett",
  Title =	 "A Denotational Definition of a Dynamic
                  Object-Oriented Programming Language",
  Institution =	 "The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University
                  of Southwestern Louisiana",
  Address =	 "Lafayette, LA",
  Number =	 "TR-91-5-6",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 "10 references"
}

@InProceedings{Harrison-Kamin98,
  author =	 {William L. Harrison and Samuel N. Kamin},
  title =	 {Modular Compilers Based on Monad Transformers},
  booktitle =	 {IEEE Computer Society International Conference on
                  Computer Languages 1998, Loyola University, Chicago},
  year =	 1998,
  organization = IEEE,
  address =	 {Los Alamitos, California},
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {122-131},
  annote =	 {20 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Harrison-Ossher02,
  Author =	 {William Harrison \& Harold Ossher},
  Title =	 {Member-Group Relationships Among Objects},
  Pages =	 "9-16",
  BookTitle =	 {FOAL 2002 Proceedings: Foundations of
                  Aspect-Oriented Languages Workshop at AOSD 2002},
  year =	 2002,
  Editor =	 {Gary T. Leavens and Ron Cytron},
  Organization = {Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University},
  Series =	 {Technical Report},
  number =	 {02-06},
  month =	 apr,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR02-06/TR.pdf"
}

@Book{Harrison93,
  Author =	 "Rachel Harrison",
  Title =	 "Abstract Data Types in Standard ML",
  Publisher =	 "John Wiley & Sons",
  Year =	 1993,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "114 references; ISBN 0-471-93844-0"
}

@Book{Harvey-Wright94,
  Author =	 "Brian Harvey and Matthew Wright",
  Title =	 "Simply Scheme: Introducing Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@Book{Harvey86,
  Author =	 "Brian Harvey",
  Title =	 "Projects, Styles, and Techniques",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1986,
  Volume =	 2,
  Series =	 "Computer Science Logo Style",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-262-58080-2"
}

@InProceedings{Hatcliff-Danvy94,
  Author =	 {John Hatcliff and Olivier Danvy},
  Title =	 "A Generic Account of Continuation-Passing Styles",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "458-471",
  Annote =	 "44 references."
}

@InProceedings{Haupt-Schippers07,
  author = 	 {Michael Haupt and Hans Schippers},
  title = 	 {A Machine Model for Aspect-Oriented Programming},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP 2007 --- Object-Oriented Programming, 21st
                  European Conference, Berlin, Germany, Proceedings},
  pages =	 {501-524},
  editor =	 {Erik Ernst},
  volume =	 4609,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 {Berlin},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 2007,
  month =	 jul,
  URL =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73589-2_24",
  annote =	 {32 references.}
}

@article{Hauser96,
 author = {John R. Hauser},
 title = {Handling floating-point exceptions in numeric programs},
 journal = TOPLAS,
 volume = 18,
 number = 2,
 year = {1996},
 pages = {139-174},
 URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/227699.227701},
 publisher = {ACM Press},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 annote = {59 references.}
 }

@Article{Haynes-Friedman87,
  Author =	 "Christopher T. Haynes and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Embedding continuations in Procedural Objects",
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  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "582-598",
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@Unpublished{Heckmann-Ferdinand06,
  author =   {Reinhold Heckmann and Christian Ferdinand},
  title =    {Worst-Case Execution Time Prediction by Static Program Analysis},
  note =     {\url{http://www.absint.com/aiT\_WCET.pdf}},
  year =     2006
}

@Article{Heckmann-etal03,
  author =   {Reinhold Heckmann and Marc Langenbach and Stephan Thesing and Reinhard Wilhelm},
  title =    {The influence of processor architecture on the design and the results of {WCET} tools},
  journal =      {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  year =     2003,
  volume =   91,
  number =   7,
  pages =    {1038-1054},
  month =    jul
}

@Article{Heering-Klint-Rekers94,
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  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "1010-1023",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}
                  
@Article{Heering-etal89,
  Author =	 "J. Heering and P.R.H. Hendriks and P. Klint and
                  J. Rekers",
  Title =	 "The Syntax Definition Formalism SDF Reference
                  Manual",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "43-75",
  Annote =	 "35 references."
}

@Book{Henderson80,
  Author =	 "Peter Henderson",
  Title =	 "Functional Programming: Application and
                  Implementation",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1980,
  Annote =	 "Functional programming style based on Landin's
                  ISWIM. 34 references."
}

@Book{Hennessy90,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "The Semantics of Programming Languages: an
                  Elementary Introduction using Structural Operational
                  Semantics",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 NY
}

@InCollection{Hense91,
  author =	 {Andreas V. Hense},
  title =	 {Wrapper Semantics of an Object-Oriented Programming
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@Book{Henson87,
  Author =	 "Martin C. Henson",
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@Article{Hentenryck-Saraswat96,
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@Manual{Henz-Kornstaedt06,
  title = 	 {The {Oz} Notation},
  author =	 {Martin Henz and Leif Kornstaedt},
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@InCollection{Henz-Smolka-Wurtz95,
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  editor =	 "Vijay Saraswat and Pascal van Hentenryck",
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  year =	 "1995",
  keywords =	 "Oz, computer programming language, constraint, OO,
                  OOP, logic, LP, dfki, vanHentenryck",
  chapter =	 2
}

@InProceedings{Hewitt-Bishop-Steiger73,
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@Manual{HewlettPackard89,
  Title =	 "Exploring HP SoftBench: A Beginner's Guide",
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@InProceedings{Hicks-etal99,
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@TechReport{Hilfinger-etal78,
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  Annote =	 "A logic programming language with types and
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 author = {Erik Hilsdale and Jim Hugunin},
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  author =       "Michael Hind",
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@article{Hirschfeld-Costanza-Nierstrasz08,
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@TechReport{Holt86a,
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@Book{Horowitz87,
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@Book{Horstmann95,
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@Article{Hudak-etal92,
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@Article{Hudak-etal96,
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  annote =	 {19 references.}
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@Book{Huddleston96,
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@article{Hughes89,
  AUTHOR =	 {J. Hughes},
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  YEAR =	 {1989}
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@Unpublished{Hughes90,
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  Note =	 "Presented at POPL 1990"
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@Article{Humel-Hendren-Nicolau92,
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@Article{Huntbach-Ringwood95,
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@Article{Hutton-Meijer98,
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@InProceedings{Hutton99,
  author =	 {Graham Hutton},
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@Article{Hyman91,
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@Manual{IBMAIX3,
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}

@Manual{IBMCSet,
  key = "IBMCSet",
  title =        {IBM C Set ++ for AIX/6000 User's Guide Version 2.1},
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@Book{IEEEScheme91,
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@Manual{ISOC,
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@Book{Ichbiah-etal91,
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@InProceedings{Ichbiah71,
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@InCollection{Ichbiah83,
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@InCollection{Ichisugi-Tanaka02,
  author =	 {Yuugi Ichisugi and Akira Tanaka},
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@InProceedings{Igarashi-Pierce-Wadler99,
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@InProceedings{Igarashi-Pierce00,
  author =       {Atsushi Igarashi and Benjamin C. Pierce},
  title =        {On Inner Classes},
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  annote =       {19 references.}
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@Article{Inflight07,
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@Article{Ishikawa-Tokoro86,
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@Book{Iverson62,
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@unpublished{JAC04,
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}

@Book{Jackson-McClellan96,
  author =	 "Jerry R. Jackson and Alan L. McClellan",
  title =	 "{Java} by Example",
  publisher =	 "SunSoft Press",
  address =	 "2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043-1100,
                  USA",
  year =	 1996,
  series =	 "Java series",
  url =
                  "http://www.sun.com/smi/ssoftpress/books/Jackson/Jackson.html",
  keywords =	 "Java (computer program language); technology --
                  computers and computer technology",
}

@Article{Jacobson86,
  Author =	 "Ivar Jacobson",
  Title =	 "Language Support for Changeable Large Real Time
                  Systems",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "377-384",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "The programming language FDL is described, which has
                  both signals and message passing communication. A
                  service encloses several objects and communicates
                  with the outside world and other services via
                  signals. Actions performed by a service are
                  indivisible and serializable. Blocks model
                  autonomous subsystems and contain services. 20
                  references."
}

@Article{Jaffar-etal92,
  Author =	 "Joxan Jaffar and Spiro Michaylov and Peter
                  J. Stuckey and Roland H. C. Yap",
  Title =	 "The CLP($\cal R$) Language and System",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "339-395",
  Month =	 jul,
  Annote =	 "43 references."
}

@InCollection{Jagadeesan-Jeffrey-Riely03,
  Author =	 "Radha Jagadeesan and Alan Jeffrey and James Riely",
  Title =	 "A Calculus of Untyped Aspect-Oriented Programs",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP 2003, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Darmstadt, Germany",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 2003,
  Editor =	 "Luca Cardelli",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 2743,
  Pages =	 "54--73",
  Annote =	 "21 references"
}

@Unpublished{Jagadeesan-Jeffrey-Riely04,
  author =	 {Radha Jagadeesan and Alan Jeffrey and James Riely},
  title =	 {A typed calculus for aspect oriented programs },
  note =	 {Available from
                  \url{ftp://fpl.cs.depaul.edu/pub/rjagadeesan/typedABL.pdf}},
  month =	 feb,
  year =	 2004,
}

@Article{Jagadeesan-Jeffrey-Riely06,
  author =	"Radha Jagadeesan and Alan Jeffrey and James Riely",
  title =	"Typed parametric polymorphism for aspects",
  journal =	SCP,
  year = 	"2006",
  number =	"3",
  volume =	"63",
  pages =	"267-296",
  URL =  	"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2006.02.008",
}

@Article{Jagadeesan-Pingali-Panangaden91,
  Author =	 "Radha Jagadeesan and Keshav Pingali and Prakash
                  Panangaden",
  Title =	 "A Fully Abstract Semantics for a First-Order
                  Functional Language with Logic Variables",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "577-625",
  Annote =	 "Structural and denotational semantics of a
                  first-order functional language with logic
                  variables. The language Id Nouveau. 37 references."
}

@InCollection{Jagannathan-Agha92,
  Author =	 "Suresh Jagannathan and Gul Agha",
  Title =	 "A Reflective Model of Inheritance",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "350-371",
  Annote =	 "34 references"
}

@InProceedings{Jagannathan-Philbin92,
  Author =	 "Suresh Jagannathan and Jim Philbin",
  Title =	 "A Foundation for an Efficient Multi-Threaded Scheme
                  System",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "345-357",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@TechReport{Jagannathan89,
  Author =	 "Suresh Jagannathan",
  Title =	 "A Programming Language Supporting First-Class
                  Parallel Environments",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Number =	 "TR-434",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1989
}

@Article{Jagannathan94,
  Author =	 "Suresh Jagannathan",
  Title =	 "Metalevel Building Blocks for Modular Systems",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "456-492",
  Annote =	 "45 references."
}

@Misc{JamaicaVM05,
  author    = "{aicas}",
  title     = "The {Jamaica} {V}irtual {M}achine homepage, {http://www.aicas.com}",
  year      = 2005
}

@Article{JamaicaVM06,
  key           = "JB",
  title     = {The JamaicaVM brings Java Technology to Mission Software in an unmanned aircraft by EADS},
  year      = 2006,
  month     = jun,
  journal   = {Military Embedded Systems},
  url       = {http://www.mil-embedded.com/news/db/?3302}
}

@Article{Jansson-Jeuring98,
  author =	 {Patrik Jansson and Johan Jeuring},
  title =	 {Polytypic Unification},
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  number =	 5,
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {527-536},
  annote =	 {8 references.}
}

@Misc{Java-JVMS2rev08,
  Author 				= {{Sun Microsystems, Inc.}},
  Title 				= {The Class File Format},
  Year 					= {2008},
  Howpublished 	= {From 
                        \url{http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/ClassFileFormat-Java5.pdf}
                        (Date retrieved: March 19, 2008)}
}

@Article{Jayaraman-Gupta89,
  Author =	 "Bharat Jayaraman and Gopal Gupta",
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  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "771-779",
  Annote =	 "The language EqL supports functional and logic
                  programming, based on equations (term rewriting). 31
                  references."
}

@Book{Jensen-Wirth74,
  Author =	 "Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "PASCAL User Manual and Report (second edition)",
  Year =	 1974,
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  Annote =	 "Subranges, enumerated types, variant records. 8
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@Book{Jensen-Wirth85,
  Author =	 "Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth",
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  Year =	 1985,
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@Book{Jia00,
  author =	 {Xiaoping Jia},
  title =	 {Object-Oriented Software Development Using Java:
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  year =	 2000,
  address =	 {Reading, MA},
  annote =	 {32 references.}
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@TechReport{JonesCliff93b,
  Author =	 "C. B. Jones",
  Title =	 "Process-Algebraic Foundations for an Object-Based
                  Design Notation",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 oct,
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, University of
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  Number =	 "UMCS-93-10-1",
  Annote =	 "55 references"
}

@TechReport{JonesMark93b,
  Author =	 "Mark P. Jones",
  Title =	 "GOFER",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 mar,
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  Note =	 "Availiable by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{nebula.cs.yale.edu}",
  Annote =	 "No references. "
}

@Article{JonesNeil96,
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  annote =	 {64 references.}
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@Article{Jonsson87,
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@inproceedings{Jost-etal10,
 author = {Steffen Jost and Kevin Hammond and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl and Martin Hofmann},
 title = {Static determination of quantitative resource usage for higher-order programs},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages},
 series = {POPL '10},
 year = {2010},
 location = {Madrid, Spain},
 pages = {223--236},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1706299.1706327},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1706299.1706327},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 keywords = {functional programming, resource analysis, types},
} 

@Article{Jouvelot-Dehbonei89,
  Author =	 "Pierre Jouvelot and Babak Dehbonei",
  Title =	 "Recursive Pattern Matching on Concrete Data Types",
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  Pages =	 "43-75",
  Annote =	 "Includes CommonLisp code. 9 references."
}

@inproceedings{Juillerat-Mueller-Arisona-Schubiger-Banz07,
    Address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
    Author = {Nicolas Juillerat and Stefan {M\"uller Arisona} and Simon Schubiger-Banz},
    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
    Month = aug,
    Title = {Real-time, low latency audio processing in Java},
    Year = 2007}

@InProceedings{Kadayif-etal01,
  author =       "I. Kadayif and T. Chinoda and M. Kandemir and N. Vijaykrishnan and M. J. Irwin and A. Sivasubramanian",
  title =        "vEC: Virtual Energy Counters",
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{ACM} {SIGPLAN} -- {SIGSOFT} Workshop on Program
                 Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering: {PASTE}'01",
  publisher =    "ACM Press",
  address =      NY,
  pages =        "28-31",
  year =         "2001",
  annote =       "9 references."
}

@Article{Kaehler86,
  Author =	 "Ted Kaehler",
  Title =	 "Virtual Memory on a Narrow Machine for an
                  Object-Oriented Language",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "87-106",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Design of the LOOM virtual memory, which uses an
                  object table and swaps objects as necessary. 14
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Kagawa97,
  author =	 {Koji Kagawa},
  title =	 {Compositional References for Stateful Functional
                  Programming},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
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  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {217-226},
  annote =	 {16 references.}
}

@Article{Kahn-etal86,
  Author =	 "Kenneth Kahn and Eric Dean Tribble and Mark
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  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "242-257",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Deficiencies in Concurrent Prolog's support for the
                  abstraction of objects as in object-oriented
                  programming. A preprocessor called Vulcan is defined
                  that formalizes some of the cliches used for
                  object-oriented programming. 25 references."
}

@InProceedings{Kahn74,
  Author =	 "Gilles Kahn",
  Title =	 "The Semantics of a Simple Language for Parallel
                  Programming",
  BookTitle =	 "Information Processing 74: Proceedings of the IFIP
                  Congress 74",
  Editor =	 "Jack L. Rosenfeld",
  Organization = IFIP,
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  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1974,
  Pages =	 "471-475",
  Annote =	 "14 references."
}

@InCollection{Kahn87,
  Author =	 "G. Kahn",
  Title =	 "Natural Semantics",
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                  of Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1987,
  Series =	 LNCS,
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}

@TechReport{Kahn89,
  Author =	 "Kenneth M. Kahn",
  Title =	 "Objects -- A Fresh Look",
  Institution = "System Sciences Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research
                  Center",
  Number =	 "P89-00027",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Looks at object-oriented programming from the
                  prespective of concurrent logic programming. 20
                  references."
}

@Article{Kai-McKim98,
  author =	 {Joyce M. Kai and James C. {McKim, Jr.}},
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  volume =	 11,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 oct,
  pages =	 {46-57,92},
  annote =	 {3 references.}
}

@Article{Kaiser-Garlan87,
  Author =	 "Gail E. Kaiser and David Garlan",
  Title =	 "Melding Software Systems from Reusable Building
                  Blocks",
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  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "17-24",
  Annote =	 "Meld is an object-oriented language with constraints
                  or action equations. 10 references."
}

@Book{Kaisler86,
  Author =	 "Stephen H. Kaisler",
  Title =	 "INTERLISP: The Language and its Usage",
  Publisher =	 "Wiley-Interscience",
  Address =	 "New York, N.Y.",
  Year =	 1986
}

@inproceedings{Kalibera-etal09,
 author = {Kalibera, Tomas and Hagelberg, Jeff and Pizlo, Filip and Plsek, Ales and Titzer, Ben and Vitek, Jan},
 title = {CDx: a family of real-time Java benchmarks},
 booktitle = {JTRES '09: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems},
 year = {2009},
 isbn = {978-1-60558-732-5},
 pages = {41--50},
 location = {Madrid, Spain},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1620405.1620412},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }
 
@InProceedings{Kamin88,
  Author =	 "Samuel Kamin",
  Title =	 "Inheritance in Smalltalk-80: A Denotational
                  Definition",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Fifteenth Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  San Diego, Calif.",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "80-87",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@Book{Kamin90,
  Author =	 "Samuel N. Kamin",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages: An Interpreter-Based
                  Approach",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 "1990"
}

@InCollection{Kannenganti-Cartwright-Felleisen93,
  Author =	 "R. Kannenganti and R. Cartwright M. Felleisen",
  Title =	 "SPCF: Its Model, Calculus, and Computational Power",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 666,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Baker and W. P. de Rover and G. Rozenberg",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "Semantics: Foundations and Applications REX
                  Workshop",
  Page =	 "318-347",
  Annote =	 "33 references"
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@InProceedings{Karczmarczuk99,
  author =	 {Jerzy Karczmarczuk},
  title =	 {Functional Differentiation of Computer Programs},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {195-203},
  annote =	 {Numerical techniques for differentiation, with code
                  in Haskell. 16 references.}
}

@Book{Keene89,
  Author =	 "Sonya E. Keene",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp",
  Publisher =	 "Addison Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Guide to the CLOS object-oriented extension. 11
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Keller-Hoelzle98,
  author =	 {Ralph Keller and Urs H\"{o}lzle},
  title =	 {Binary Component Adapatation},
  year =	 1998,
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '98---Object-Oriented Programming, 
                    12th European Conference, Brussels, Belgium, Proceedings},
  editor = {Eric Jul},
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume =	 1445,
  pages =	 {307--329},
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY
}

@Book{Kelley-Pohl90,
  Author =	 "Al Kelley and Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "A Book on {C} (Second Edition)",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Uses ANSI C."
}

@Book{Kelley-Pohl92,
  Author =	 "Al Kelley and Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "C by Dissection: The Essentials of C Programming
                  (Second Edition)",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "Uses ANSI C."
}

@Article{Kelsey-Clinger-Rees98,
  author =	 {Richard Kelsey and William Clinger and Jonathan Rees
                  (Editors)},
  title =	 {Revised$^{5}$ Report on the Algorithmic Language
                  {Scheme}},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 9,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {26-76},
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/doc/standards/r5rs-html.tar.gz",
  annote =	 {31 references.}
}

@Article{Kennaway-Sleep88,
  Author =	 "Richard Kennaway and Ronan Sleep",
  Title =	 "Director Strings as Combinators",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "602-626"
}

@Article{Kergommeaux-Codognet94,
  author =	 "Jacques Chassin de Kergommeaux and Philippe
                  Codognet",
  title =	 "Parallel Logic Programming Systems",
  journal =	 "ACMCS",
  volume =	 "26",
  number =	 "3",
  pages =	 "295--336",
  month =	 sep,
  year =	 "1994",
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Book{Kernighan-Ritchie78,
  Author =	 "Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie",
  Title =	 "The C Programming Language",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1978,
  Annote =	 "A user-optimized language which is used for systems
                  programming. Type declarations resemble their usage
                  in C."
}

@InProceedings{Kersten-Murphy99,
  author =	 {Mik A. Kersten and Gale C. Murphy},
  title =	 {Atlas: A case-study in building a Web-based learning
                  environment using aspect-oriented programming},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the 1999 ACM Conference on
                  Object-Oriented Programming Languages, Systems, and
                  Applications (OOPSLA '99)},
  pages =	 {340--352},
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 {34(10)},
  series =	 {ACM SIGPLAN Notices},
  location =	 {Denver, CO},
  month =	 nov,
  publisher =	 ACM
}

@Book{Kiczales-Rivieres-Bobrow91,
  Author =	 "Gregor Kiczales and Jim des Rivieres and Daniel
                  G. Bobrow",
  Title =	 "The Art of the Metaobject Protocol",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "21 references"
}

@InCollection{Kiczales-Rodriguez93,
  author =	 {Gregor Kiczales and Luis H. Rodriguez Jr.},
  title =	 {Efficient Method Dispatch in {PCL}},
  booktitle =	 {Object-Oriented Programming: the CLOS Perspective},
  publisher =	 {MIT Press},
  year =	 1993,
  editor =	 {Andreas Paepcke},
  chapter =	 14,
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  pages =	 {335-348},
  note =	 {An earlier version appeared in the ACM Confreence on
                  Lisp and Functional Programming, 1990.},
  annote =	 {An implementation of multiple dispatch that has
                  performance on the order of 2-6 times that of a
                  non-OO function call. 3 references.}
}

@InCollection{Kiczales-etal01,
  author =	 {Gregor Kiczales and Erik Hilsdale and Jim Hugunin
                  and Mik Kersten and Jeffrey Palm and William
                  G. Griswold},
  title =	 {An Overview of {AspectJ}},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP 2001 --- Object-Oriented Programming 15th
                  European Conference, Budapest Hungary},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 2001,
  editor =	 {J. Lindskov Knudsen},
  volume =	 2072,
  series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 "Berlin",
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {327-353},
  url =
                  "http://aspectj.org/documentation/papersAndSlides/ECOOP2001-Overview.pdf"
}

@Article{Kiczales-etal01b,
  Author =	 "Gregor Kiczales and Erik Hilsdale and Jim Hugunin
                  and Mik Kersten and Jeffrey Palm and William
                  Griswold",
  Title =	 "Getting started with {AspectJ}",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "59--65",
  url =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/383845.383858"
}

@InCollection{Kiczales-etal97,
  author =	 {Gregor Kiczales and John Lamping and Anurag
                  Menhdhekar and Chris Maeda and Cristina Lopes and
                  Jean-Marc Loingtier and John Irwin},
  title =	 {Aspect-Oriented Programming},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '97---Object-Oriented Programming 11th
                  European Conference, Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a}, Finland, Proceedings},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak\c{s}it and Satoshi Matsuoka},
  volume =	 1241,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {220--242},
  annote =	 {38 references.}
}

@TechReport{Kieburtz-Nordstrom82,
  Author =	 {Richard B. Kieburtz and Bengt Nordstr\"om},
  Title =	 "The Design of a Language for Modular Programming",
  Institution =	 "Oregon Graduate Center",
  Address =	 "Beaverton, Oregon",
  Number =	 "CS/E-82-01",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1982,
  Annote =	 "The design of the functional language Apple, which
                  features environments, functional abstraction, and
                  data abstraction. 21 references."
}

@TechReport{Kieburtz87,
  Author =	 "Richard B. Kieburtz",
  Title =	 "Function + Logic in Theory and Practice",
  Institution =	 "Oregon Graduate Center",
  Address =	 "Beaverton, Oregon",
  Number =	 "CS/E-87-006",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "The language F+L, a logical language with
                  interpreted equality. 18 references."
}

@Article{Kim98,
  author =	 {Myung Ho Kim},
  title =	 {A Functional Approach to Type Constraints of Generic
                  Definitions},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {45-52},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
}

@InProceedings{King-Launchbury95,
  Author =	 {David J. King and John Launchbury},
  Title =	 "Structuring Depth-First Search Algorithms in
                  Haskell",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '95: 22nd Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Francisco, Calif.",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "344-354",
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@article{King76,
 author = {James C. King},
 title = {Symbolic execution and program testing},
 journal = CACM,
 volume = 19,
 number = 7,
 year = 1976,
 pages = {385-394},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/360248.360252},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
}

@inproceedings{Kirner-Puschner-Wenzel04,
  author =   {Raimund Kirner and Peter Puschner and Ingomar Wenzel},
  title =    {Measurement-Based Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis using Automatic Test-Data Generation},
  booktitle =    {Proc. 4th Euromicro International Workshop on WCET Analysis},
  year =     {2004},
  month =    {June},
  pages =        {67-70}
}

@Book{Kiselev03,
  author =	 {Ivan Kiselev},
  title =	 {Aspect-Oriented Programming with {AspectJ}},
  publisher =	 {Sams Publishing},
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 {Indianapolis},
  annote =	 {7 references.}
}

@Article{Kitchen98,
  author =	 {Andrew Kitchen},
  title =	 {A Formal Approach to the Teaching of Programming
                  Language Concepts},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {48-55},
  annote =	 {6 references.}
}

@Article{Klint93,
  Author =	 "Paul Klint",
  Title =	 "A Meta-Environment for Generating Programming
                  Environments",
  Journal =	 "ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and
                  Methodology",
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "176-201",
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@InCollection{Knudsen-Madsen88,
  Author =	 "J{\o}rgen Lindskov Knudsen and Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Title =	 "Teaching Object-Oriented Programming is more than
                  teaching Object-Oriented Programming Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "21-40",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 322,
  Annote =	 "44 references."
}

@InCollection{Knudsen88,
  Author =	 "J{\o}rgen Lindskov Knudsen",
  Title =	 "Name Collision in Multiple Classification
                  Hierarchies",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "93-109",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 322,
  Annote =	 "Attribute collisions resolved by specialization and
                  attribute properties. 13 references."
}

@Article{Knuth67,
  Author =	 "Donald E. Knuth",
  Title =	 "The Remaining Trouble Spots in Algol 60",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1967,
  Pages =	 "611-617",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Article{Knuth84,
  Author =	 "Donald E. Knuth",
  Title =	 "Literate Programming",
  Journal =	 "Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1984,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "97-111",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@Book{Knuth92,
  Author =	 "Donald E. Knuth",
  Title =	 "Literate Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Center for the Study of Language and Information",
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 27,
  Series =	 "CSLI Lecture Notes",
  Address =	 "Stanford University",
  Annote =	 "116 references."
}

@Article{Koelling99,
  author =	 {Michael K\"{o}lling},
  title =	 {The {Blue} Language},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 12,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {10-17},
  annote =	 {An OO language for teaching. 11 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Koenig-Stroustrup90,
  Author =	 "Andrew Koenig and Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "Exception Handling for C++",
  BookTitle =	 "USENIX C++",
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "149-176",
  Organization = "AT\&T Bell Labs",
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@InCollection{Koenig-Stroustrup93,
  Author =	 "Andrew Koenig and Bjarne Stroustup",
  Title =	 "Execption Handling for C++",
  BookTitle =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Pages =	 "137-171",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@Article{Koenig-Stroustrup95,
  title =	 "Foundations for Native {C++} Styles",
  author =	 "Andrew Koenig and Bjarne Stroustrup",
  journal =	 "Software---Practice and Experience",
  pages =	 "45--86",
  month =	 dec,
  year =	 "1995",
  volume =	 "25",
  number =	 "S4",
}

@Article{Koenig92,
  Author =	 "Andrew Koenig",
  Title =	 "C++ Virtual Function Return Types",
  Journal =	 JOOP,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "73-76",
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "1 reference."
}

@TechReport{Kohlbecker-Wand86,
  Author =	 "Eugene E. Kohlbecker and Mitchell Wand",
  Title =	 "Macro-by-Example: Deriving Syntactic Transformations
                  from their Specifications",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
  Number =	 206,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Note =	 "Also in Conference Record of the 1987 ACM Symposium
                  on Principles of Programming Languages",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@InProceedings{Kohlbecker-etal86,
  Author =	 "Eugene Kohlbecker and Daniel P. Friedman and
                  Matthias Felleisen and Bruce Duba",
  Title =	 "Hygienic Macro Expansion",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "151-161",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "Macro expansion that respects static scoping. 7
                  references."
}

@PhDThesis{Kolbly02,
	Author 	= {Donovan Michael Kolbly},
	Title 	= {Extensible Language Implementation},
	School 	= {University of Texas, Austin},
	Month 	= dec,
	Year 		= {2002},
	Pages 	= {188},
	Annote 	= {44 references.}
}

@Misc{kopi04,
  title =    "{Kopi} project home page",
  organization = "Decision Management Systems GmbH",
  year =     2004,
  howpublished = "\url{http://www.dms.at/kopi}",
}

@Book{Koschmann90,
  Author =	 "Timothy Koschmann",
  Title =	 "The Common LISP Companion",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "68 references."
}

@Article{Kotula98,
  author =	 {Jeffrey Kotula},
  title =	 {Using Patterns To Create Component Documentation},
  journal =	 {IEEE Software},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 15,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {84-92},
  annote =	 {Includes a list of 39 patterns. 11 references.}
}

@Article{Kowalski79,
  Author =	 "Robert Kowalski",
  Title =	 "Algorithm = Logic + Control",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "424-435",
  Annote =	 "Horn clauses and different interpretations of
                  them. Logic programming. Separating algorithms into
                  logic and control. 39 references."
}


@InCollection{Krall-Vitek-Horspooll97,
  author =	 {Andreas Krall and Jan Vitek and R. Nigel Horspool},
  title =	 {Near Optimal Hierarchical Encoding of Types},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '97 --- Object-Oriented Programming 11th
                  European Conference, Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a}, Finland},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak\c{s}it and Satoshi Matsuoka},
  volume =	 1241,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {128-145},
  annote =	 {13 references.}
}

@Book{Krasner83,
  Editor =	 "G. Krasner",
  Title =	 "Smalltalk-80: Bits of History, Words of Advice",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1983
}

@Book{Kreutzer-McKenzie91,
  Author =	 "Wolfgang Kreutzer and Bruce McKenzie",
  Title =	 "Programming for Artificial Intelligence",
  Publisher =	 "Addison Wesley",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "International Computer Science Series",
  Address =	 "Sydney",
  Annote =	 "Scheme, Prolog, and Smalltalk. Hundreds of
                  references."
}

@Book{Kreutzer86,
  Author =	 "Wolfgang Kreutzer",
  Title =	 "System Simulation Programming Styles and Languages",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1986
}

@InCollection{Kristensen-etal87a,
  Author =	 "Bent Bruun Kristensen and Ole Lehrmann Madsen and
                  Birger Moller-Pedersen and Kristen Nygaard",
  Title =	 "The BETA Programming Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  Editor =	 "Bruce Shriver and Peter Wegner",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass",
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "7-48",
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@Article{Kuhne94,
  Author =	 "Thomas Kuhne",
  Title =	 "Higher Order Objects in pure Object-Oriented
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 29,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "15-20",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@Book{Kumar-Agrawal92,
  Author =	 "Ram Kumar and Rakesh Agrawal",
  Title =	 "Programming in ANSI C",
  Publisher =	 "West",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "St. Paul",
  Annote =	 "Introductory text. 10 references"
}

@InProceedings{Kuo-Mishra87,
  Author =	 "Tsung-Min Kuo and Prateek Mishra",
  Title =	 "On Strictness and its Analysis",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of Fourteenth Annual ACM Symposium
                  on Principles of Programming Languages, Munich, West
                  Germany",
  Publisher =	 ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "144-155",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@Book{LaLonde-Pugh90,
  Author =	 "Wilf R. LaLonde and John R. Pugh",
  Title =	 "Inside Smalltalk: Volume I",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Details on how to program and internals of
                  Smalltalk. 3 references."
}

@Book{LaLonde-Pugh91,
  Author =	 "Wilf R. LaLonde and John R. Pugh",
  Title =	 "Inside Smalltalk: Volume II",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Details on windows, model-view-controller, user
                  interfaces. 3 references."
}
                  
@Book{LaLonde94,
  Author =	 "Wilf R. LaLonde",
  Title =	 "Discovering Smalltalk",
  Publisher =	 "The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, California, 94065",
  Year =	 1994
}

@Book{Laddad03,
  author =	 {Ramanivas Laddad},
  title =	 {AspectJ in Action},
  publisher =	 {Manning Publications Co.},
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 {Grennwich, Conn.},
  annote =	 {Several references.}
}

@inproceedings{Laemmel02,
  title =	 {A Semantical Approach to Method-call Interception},
  author =	 {Ralf L\"{a}mmel},
  pages =	 {41-55},
  booktitle =	 {Proc. 1st Int' Conf. on Aspect-Oriented Software
                  Development {(AOSD-2002)}},
  editor =	 {Gregor Kiczales},
  publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  year =	 2002,
  month =	 apr,
  location =	 {Enschede, The Netherlands}
}

@InCollection{Laenens-Vermeir88,
  Author =	 "Els Laenens and Dirk Vermeir",
  Title =	 "An Overview of {OOPS+}, an Object-Oriented Database
                  Programming Language",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "350-373",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 322,
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lafferty-Cahill03,
  author =	 {Donal Lafferty and Vinny Cahill},
  title =	 {Language-independent aspect-oriented programming},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN conference on
                  Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and
                  applications},
  year =	 {2003},
  pages =	 {1--12},
  publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  address =	 {Anaheim, California, USA},
  annote =	 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/949305.949307
                  1-58113-712-5
                  file://localhost/Users/cclifton/Documents/OthersPapersAndTalks/p1-lafferty.pdf},
  keywords =	 {to be read}
}

@Book{Lalement93,
  Author =	 "Rene Lalement",
  Title =	 "Computation as Logic",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1993,
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science",
  Address =	 "Hemel Henpstead, UK",
  Annote =	 "Discussion of reduction, studied through lambda
                  calculus and term rewriting, and
                  resolution. Examples use Standard ML and
                  NU-Prolog. 159 references."
}
                 
@Article{Lampson-Redell80,
  Author =	 "Butler W. Lampson and David D. Redell",
  Title =	 "Experiences with Processes and Monitors in Mesa",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "105-117",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1980,
  Annote =	 "The design of monitors and concurrency in
                  Mesa. Discussion of the nested monitor problem and
                  the semantics of monitors. 21 references."
}
                
@TechReport{Lancaster83,
  Author =	 "Julia Nan Lancaster",
  Title =	 "Naming in a Programming Support Environment",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1983,
  Number =	 "TR-312",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Annote =	 "Discussion of the CLU library, criteria and
                  proposals for naming (describing) implementations,
                  proposals for query lanugage to select
                  implementations satisfying various criteria. 37
                  references."
}

@Article{Landi92,
  Author =	 "William Landi",
  Title =	 "Undecidability of Static Analysis",
  Journal =	 "ACM letters on Programming Languages and Systems",
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 4,
  Year =	 1992,
  Month =	 dec,
  Pages =	 "323-337",
  Annote =	 "12 references"
}

@Article{Landin64,
  Author =	 "P. J. Landin",
  Title =	 "The Mechanical Evaluation of Expressions",
  Journal =	 "Computer Journal",
  Volume =	 6,
  Year =	 1964,
  Pages =	 "308-320",
  Note =	 "See also Landin's paper ``A Lambda-Calculus
                  Approach'' in {\em Advances in Programming and
                  Non-Numerical Computation}, L. Fox (ed.), Pergamon
                  Press, Oxford, 1966."
}

@Article{Landin65,
  Author =	 "P. J. Landin",
  Title =	 "A Correspondence Between Algol 60 and Church's Lambda Notation",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 8,
  Year =	 1965,
  Pages =	 "89-101, 158-165"
}

@Article{Landin66,
  Title =	 "The Next 700 Programming Languages",
  Author =	 "P. J. Landin",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1966,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "157-166",
  Annote =	 "Separation of Mechanisms and built-in
                  features. Non-imperative subset. Families of
                  languages. 4 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lang-Lescanne-Liquori99,
  author =       "Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Lang and Pierre Lescanne and Luigi
                 Liquori",
  title =        "A Framework for Defining Object-Calculi",
  Editor =	 "Jeannette M. Wing and Jim Woodcock and Jim Davies",
  BookTitle =	 "FM'99 --- Formal Methods: World Congress on Formal
                  Methods in the Development of Computing Systems,
                  Toulouse, France, September 1999, Proceedings",
  Year =	 1999,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Volume =	 1709,
  pages =        "963-982",
  annote =       "Small step operational semantics of object-based languages, including side effects.  24 references.",
}

@Book{Lans89,
  Author =	 "Rick F. van der Lans",
  Title =	 "The SQL Standard: A complete reference",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "Translated by Andrea Gray",
  Annote =	 "The standard relational database query language, as
                  found in DB2 and Oracle. 6 references."
}

@InProceedings{Launchberry93,
  Author =	 "John Launchberry",
  Title =	 "A natural semantics for Lazy Evaluation",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "144-154",
  Annote =	 "15 references"
}

@Proceedings{Launchbury-Meijer-Sheard96,
  editor =	 "John Launchbury and Erik Meijer and T. (Tim) Sheard",
  booktitle =	 "Advanced functional programming: second
                  international school, Olympia, {WA}, {USA}, August
                  26--30, 1996: tutorial text",
  title =	 "Advanced functional programming: second
                  international school, Olympia, {WA}, {USA}, August
                  26--30, 1996: tutorial text",
  volume =	 "1129",
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 "New York, NY, USA",
  year =	 "1996",
  ISBN =	 "3-540-61628-4",
  ISSN =	 "0302-9743",
  LCCN =	 "QA76.62 .A38 1996",
  series =	 "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  keywords =	 "Functional programming (Computer science) ---
                  Congresses."
}

@Book{Lawless-Molly91,
  Author =	 "Jo A. Lawless and M. Molly",
  Title =	 "Understanding CLOS: the Common LISP object system",
  Publisher =	 "Digital Press",
  Address =	 "Nashua, NH",
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 " ISBN 1-55558-064-5"
}

@TechReport{Leavens-Antropova99,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Olga Antropova",
  Title =	 "{ACL} --- Eliminating Parameter Aliasing with
                  Dynamic Dispatch",
  Year =	 1999,
  Month =	 feb,
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Number =	 "98-08a",
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-08/TR.ps.gz",
  Note =	 "Available by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu}, and by e-mail from
                  almanac@cs.iastate.edu"
}

@inproceedings{Leavens-Clifton07,
 author = {Gary T. Leavens and Curtis Clifton},
 title = {Multiple concerns in aspect-oriented language design: a language engineering approach to balancing benefits, with examples},
 booktitle = {SPLAT '07: Proceedings of the 5th workshop on Engineering properties of languages and aspect technologies},
 year = 2007,
 isbn = {1-59593-656-1},
 pages = {1-5},
 location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1233843.1233849},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
}

@TechReport{Leavens-Clifton07a,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Curtis Clifton",
  Title =	 "Multiple Concerns in Aspect-Oriented Language Design: A Language Engineering Approach to Balancing Benefits, with Examples",
  Year =	 2007,
  Month =	 feb,
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Number =	 "07-01a",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR07-01/TR.pdf",
  note =         {Also in {\em SPLAT 2007}.},
  Annote =       "26 references."
}

@InProceedings{Leavens-Millstein98,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Todd D. Millstein",
  Title =	 "Multiple Dispatch as Dispatch on Tuples",
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '98: Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  editor = {A. Michael Berman},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "33(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1998,
  Pages =	 "374--387",
  Annote =	 "36 references.",
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-03/TR.ps.gz",
  doi =          {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286936.286977}
}

@TechReport{Leavens-Millstein98b,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Todd D. Millstein",
  Title =	 "Multiple Dispatch as Dispatch on Tuples",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Number =	 "98-03b",
  Year =	 1998,
  Month =	 jul,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-03/TR.ps.gz",
  Note =	 "Appears in OOPSLA '98, pp. 374-387. Available by
                  anonymous ftp from \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu}, and by
                  e-mail from almanac@cs.iastate.edu",
  Annote =	 "37 references."
}

@TechReport{Leavens-Pigozzi98,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Don Pigozzi",
  Title =	 "Class-Based and Algebraic Models of Objects",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  Year =	 1998,
  Number =	 "98-02",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Month =	 apr,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR98-02/TR.ps.gz",
  Annote =	 "52 references."
}

@InProceedings{Leavens-Pigozzi99,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens and Don Pigozzi",
  Title =	 "Class-Based and Algebraic Models of Objects",
  Editor =	 "Rance Cleaveland and Michael Mislove and Philip
                  Mulry",
  BookTitle =	 "US---Brazil Joint Workshops on the Formal
                  Foundations of Software Systems",
  Year =	 1999,
  Series =	 "Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 "Elsevier",
  Volume =	 14,
  Note =	 "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15710661",
  Annote =	 "52 references."
}

@Article{Leavens08,
  author = 	 {Gary T. Leavens},
  title = 	 {Use Concurrent Programming Models to Motivate Teaching of Programming Languages},
 journal = SIGPLAN,
 volume = 43,
 number = 11,
 year = 2008,
 pages = {93-98},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1480828.1480849},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY,
 annote = {7 references.}
}

@TechReport{Leavens08a,
  author = 	 {Gary T. Leavens},
  title = 	 {Use Concurrent Programming Models to Motivate Teaching of Programming Languages},
  institution =  {School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 
University of Central Florida},
  year = 	 2008,
  number = 	 {CS-TR-08-04a},
  address = 	 {Orlando, Florida},
  month = 	 {May},
  annote = 	 {7 references.}
}

@TechReport{Leavens94c,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "Introduction to the Literature on Semantics",
  Institution =	 "Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Year =	 1994,
  Number =	 "94-15",
  Month =	 aug,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR94-15/TR.ps.Z",
  Note =	 "Available by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu} or by e-mail from
                  almanac@cs.iastate.edu.",
  Annote =	 "Many references."
}

@TechReport{Leavens99b,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "Introduction to the Literature On Programming
                  Language Design",
  Institution =	 "Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Year =	 1999,
  Number =	 "93-01c",
  Month =	 jul,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR93-01/TR.ps.gz",
  Note =	 "Available by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu} or by e-mail from
                  almanac@cs.iastate.edu.",
  Annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Article{Lecarme-Desjardins74,
  Author =	 "O. Lecarme and P. Desjardins",
  Title =	 "Reply to a paper by A. N. Habermann on the
                  Programming Language Pascal",
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 3,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "231-243",
  Note =	 "An earlier version appeared in ACM SIGPLAN Notices,
                  October, 1974.",
  Annote =	 "30 references."
}

@Article{Ledgard80,
  Title =	 "A Human Engineered Variant of {BNF}",
  Author =	 "Henry. F. Ledgard",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 oct,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 10,
  Pages =	 "57-62",
  Annote =	 "Reasonable style for BNF. 5 references."
}

@Book{Ledgard84,
  Author =	 "Henry Ledgard",
  Title =	 "The American Pascal Standard: with Annotations",
  Year =	 1984,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Note =	 "Contains ANSI/IEEE 770X3.97-1983",
  Annote =	 "The annotations to the American standard are mostly
                  illustrative. This can simply be considered a more
                  easily obtainable version of the standard."
}

@InProceedings{Lee-Friedman96,
  author =	 {Shinn-Der Lee and Daniel P. Friedman},
  title =	 {Enriching the Lambda Calculus with Contexts: Toward
                  a Theory of Incremental Program Construction},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '96)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "31(6)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {239-250},
  annote =	 {21 references.}
}

@inproceedings{Lee-LaMarca-Chambers03,
  author =	 "Keunwoo Lee and Anthony LaMarca and Craig Chambers",
  title =	 "{HydroJ}: Object-Oriented Pattern Matching for
                  Evolvable Distributed Systems",
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '03: Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  series = SIGPLAN,
  volume = "38(11)",
  month =	 nov,
  year =	 2003,
  pages = "205--223",
  Location =	 {Anaheim, CA},
  Address = NY,
  publisher = ACM,
}

@InProceedings{Lee-Pleban86,
  Author =	 "Peter Lee and Uwe Pleban",
  Title =	 "On the Use of LISP in Implementing Denotational
                  Semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "233-248",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lee-Pleban87,
  Author =	 "Peter Lee and Uwe Pleban",
  Title =	 "A Realistic Compiler Generator Based on High-Level
                  Semantics: Another Progress Report",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Fourteenth Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Munich",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "284-295",
  Annote =	 "Contains a critique of traditional denotational
                  semantics. 35 references."
}

@Book{Leler88,
  Author =	 "Wm Leler",
  Title =	 "Constraint Programming Languages: Their
                  Specification and Generation",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "General discussion of contraint languages and the
                  language Bertrand. Bertrand is based on augmented
                  term rewriting. 80 references."
}

@article{Leroy09,
 author = {Xavier Leroy},
 title = {Formal Verification of a Realistic Compiler},
 journal = CACM,
 volume = 52,
 number = 7,
 month = jul,
 year = 2009,
 issn = {0001-0782},
 pages = {107-115},
 numpages = 9,
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1538788.1538814},
 doi = {10.1145/1538788.1538814},
 acmid = 1538814,
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
} 

@InProceedings{Leroy93,
  Author =	 "Xavier Leroy",
  Title =	 "Polymorphism by Name for References and
                  Continuations",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "220-231",
  Annote =	 "21 references"
}

@InProceedings{Lescanne94,
  Author =	 {Pierre Lescanne},
  Title =	 "From $\lambda\sigma$ to ${\lambda}v$ a Journey
                  Through Calculi of Explicit Substitutions",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "60-69",
  Annote =	 "15 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lev-Ami-Sagiv00,
  author =	"Tal Lev-Ami and Shmuel Sagiv",
  title =	"{TVLA}: A System for Implementing Static Analyses",
  year = 	2000,
  booktitle =	{Static Analysis, 7th International Symposium, SAS 2000,
                 Proceedings},
  location = {Santa Barbara, CA},
  editor    = {Jens Palsberg},
  pages =	"280-301",
  publisher = SV,
  series    = LNCS,
  volume    = 1824
}

@Book{Levine-etal92,
  Author =	 "John Levine and Tony Mason and Doug Brown",
  Title =	 "Lex and Yacc",
  Publisher =	 "O'Reilly and Associates, Inc",
  Address =	 "103 Morris Street, Suite A, Sebastopol, Ca 95472",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Book{Levine00,
  author =	 {Levine},
  title =	 {Linkers and Loaders},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 {San Francisco},
  annote =	 {28 references}
}

@Book{Lewis-Rosenkrantz-Stearns76,
  Author =	 "Philip M. Lewis II and Daniel J. Rosenkrantz and
                  Richard E. Stearns",
  Title =	 "Compiler Design Theory",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1976,
  Series =	 "Systems Programming Series",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@InProceedings{Liang-Bracha98,
  author =	 {Sheng Liang and Gilad Bracha},
  title =	 "Dynamic class loading in the {Java} virtual machine",
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '98: Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "33(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1998,
  organization = ACM,
  publisher = ACM,
  address = NY,
  pages =	 {36-44},
  annote =	 {3 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Liang-Hudak-Jones95,
  author =	 "Sheng Liang and Paul Hudak and Mark Jones",
  title =	 "Monad Transformers and Modular Interpreters",
  pages =	 "333--343",
  booktitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21st ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Francisco, California",
  organization = ACM,
  year =	 1995,
  month =	 jan,
  annote =	 "23 references."
}

@Book{Liang03,
  author =	 "Y. Daniel Liang",
  title =	 "Introduction to {Java} programming with {Sun One
                  Studio 4}",
  publisher =	 "Pren{\-}tice-Hall",
  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =	 "2003",
  ISBN =	 "0-13-009258-4",
  annote =	 "Includes CD-ROM."
}

@Article{Lieberherr-Orleans-Ovlinger01,
  Author =	 "Karl Lieberherr and Doug Orleans and Johan Ovlinger",
  Title =	 "Aspect-oriented programming with adaptive methods",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "39--41",
  url =
                  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=383845&type=issue&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=CACM"
}

@Article{Lieberman00,
  author =       "Henry Lieberman",
  title =        "Programming by Example",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       43,
  number =       3,
  pages =        "72-74",
  month =        mar,
  year =         2000
}

@InCollection{Lieberman87,
  Author =	 "Henry Lieberman",
  Title =	 "Reversible Object-Oriented Interpreters",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '87, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Paris, France",
  Editor =	 "Jean Bezivin and others",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "11-19",
  Note =	 "Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 276",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@Article{Ligatti-Walker-Zdancewic06,
  author =	"Jay Ligatti and David Walker and Steve Zdancewic",
  title =	"A type-theoretic interpretation of pointcuts and advice",
  journal =	SCP,
  year = 	"2006",
  number =	"3",
  volume =	"63",
  pages =	"240-266",
  URL =  	"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2006.01.004",
}

@Book{Lindholm-Yellin00,
  author =	 "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =	 "The {Java} Virtual Machine Specification",
  edition =	 "Second",
  publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  year =	 2000
}

@Book{Lindholm-Yellin97,
  author =	 "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =	 "The {Java} Virtual Machine Specification",
  publisher =	 "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey",
  address =	 "Reading, MA",
  year =	 1997,
  ISBN =	 "0-201-63452-X",
  LCCN =	 "QA76.73.J38L56 1997",
  series =	 "The Java Series",
  url =		 "http://www.aw.com/cp/javaseries.html",
  keywords =	 "Internet (Computer network); Java (Computer program
                  language); Java (computer program language);
                  programming languages (electronic computers);
                  systems; virtual computer; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Book{Lindsey-vanderMeulen77,
  Author =	 "C. H. Lindsey and S. G. van der Meulen",
  Title =	 "Informal Introduction to ALGOL 68 (revised edition)",
  Year =	 1977,
  Publisher =	 North-Holland,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "A good tutorial introduction to ALGOL 68. 2
                  references."
}

@Article{Lindstrom-Liskov-MacQueen89,
  Author =	 "Gary Lindstrom and Barbara Liskov and David
                  MacQueen",
  Title =	 "Critical Research Directions in Programming
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "10-25",
  Annote =	 "Report on a workshop sponsored by the office of
                  naval research."
}

@Book{Lippman-Lajoie98,
  Author =	 {Stanley B. Lippman and Jos\'{e}e Lajoie},
  Title =	 "{C++} Primer: 3rd Edition",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1991
}

@Book{Lippman02,
  Author =	 "Stanley B. Lippman",
  Title =	 "{C}# Primer: A Practical Approach",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Boston",
  Year =	 2002,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@Book{Lippman89,
  Author =	 "Stanley B. Lippman",
  Title =	 "{C}++ Primer",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@Book{Lippman91,
  Author =	 "Stanley B. Lippman",
  Title =	 "{C}++ Primer: 2nd Edition",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1991
}

@Article{Liskov-Snyder79,
  Author =	 "Barbara H. Liskov and Alan Snyder",
  Title =	 "Exception Handling in {CLU}",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  Year =	 1979,
  Volume =	 "SE-5",
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "546-558",
  Annote =	 "Describes the exception handling mechanism in
                  CLU. Gives rationale for the termination model and
                  an implementation. 9 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-Zilles73,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Stephen Zilles",
  Title =	 "An Approach to Abstraction",
  Institution =	 "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Project MAC",
  Type =	 "Computation Structures Group Memo",
  Number =	 88,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1973,
  Annote =	 "Preliminary version of a structured programming
                  language that allows the set of built-in
                  abstractions to be augmented with user-defined
                  abstract data types. 10 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal83,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Maurice Herlihy and Paul Johnson
                  and Gary Leavens and Robert Scheifler and William
                  Weihl",
  Title =	 "Preliminary Argus Reference Manual",
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Number =	 39,
  Month =	 oct,
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Describes only the differences from CLU. 3
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal87,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Mark Day and Maurice Herlihy and
                  Paul Johnson and Gary Leavens and Robert Scheifler
                  and William Weihl",
  Title =	 "Argus Reference Manual",
  Number =	 400,
  Month =	 oct,
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1987,
  Note =	 "An earlier version appeared as Programming
                  Methodology Group Memo 54 in March 1987."
}

@InProceedings{Liskov75b,
  Author =	 "B. H. Liskov",
  Title =	 "Data Types and Program Correctness",
  Booktitle =	 "1975 National Computer Conference",
  Organization = AFIPS,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "285-286",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Article{Litecky90,
  Author =	 "Litecky",
  Title =	 "Spreadsheet Macro Programming: A Critique with
                  Emphasis on Lotus 1-2-3",
  Journal =	 "Journal of Systems and Software",
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "197-200"
}

@InProceedings{Litman-Patel-Schneider-Mishra97,
  author =	 {Diane Litman and Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Anil
                  Mishra},
  title =	 {Modeling Dynamic Collections of Interdependent
                  Objects using Path-Based Rules},
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Proceedings of OOPSLA '97, Atlanta",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {77-92},
  annote =	 {31 references.}
}

@TechReport{London-Shaw-Wulf76,
  Author =	 "R. L. London and M. Shaw and W. A. Wulf",
  Title =	 "Abstraction and Verification in {Alphard}: a Symbol
                  Table Example",
  Institution =	 "Information Sciences Institute, USC",
  Year =	 1976,
  Month =	 dec
}

@Article{London-etal78,
  Author =	 "R. L. London and J. V. Guttag and J. J. Horning and
                  B. W. Lampson and J. G. Mitchell and G. J. Popek",
  Title =	 "Proof Rules for the Programming Language {Euclid}",
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Year =	 1978,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "1-26"
}

@InCollection{Lopez-Freeman-Benson-Borning94,
  Author =	 "Gus Lopez and Bjorn Freeman-Benson and Alan Borning",
  Title =	 "Constraints and Object Identity",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Programming 8th European Conference,
                  ECOOP '94 Bologna, Italy, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Mario Tokoro and Remo Pareschi",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 821,
  Pages =	 "260-279",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jul,
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@Book{Louden03,
  Author =	 "Kenneth C. Louden",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages: Principles and Practice",
  Edition =	 "Second edition",
  Publisher =	 "Thomson",
  Address =	 "Pacific Grove",
  Year =	 2003,
  Annote =	 "Many references."
}
                 
@Book{Louden93,
  Author =	 "Kenneth C. Louden",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages -- Principles and Practice",
  Publisher =	 "PWS-Kent",
  Address =	 "Boston, Massachusetts",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "241 references."
}

@Article{Lowry92,
  Author =	 "Andy Lowry",
  Title =	 "The Hermes Language in Outline Form",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "51-70",
  Annote =	 "1 reference."
}

@InCollection{Lukkien93,
  Author =	 "Johan J. Lukkien",
  Title =	 "An Operational Semantics for the Guarded Command
                  Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematics of Program Construction, Second
                  International Conference, Oxford, U.K.",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "R.S. Bird and C.C. Morgan and J.C.P. Woodcock",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 669,
  Pages =	 "233-249",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 "June/July",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Lutz96,
  author =	 "Mark Lutz",
  title =	 "Programming Python",
  publisher =	 "O'Reilly \& Associates, Inc.",
  address =	 "Sebastapol, CA, USA",
  year =	 "1996",
  annote =	 "25 references."
}

@InCollection{Ma-Reynolds91,
  Author =	 "QingMing Ma and John C. Reynolds",
  Title =	 "Types, Abstraction, and Parametric Polymorphism,
                  Part 2",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 598,
  Pages =	 "1-40",
  Annote =	 "45 references."
}

@Book{Maasini-etal91,
  author =	 "G\'erald Masini and Amedeo Napoli and Dominique
                  Colnet and Daniel L\'eonard and Karl Tombre",
  title =	 "Object-Oriented Languages",
  publisher =	 "Academic Press",
  year =	 1991,
  volume =	 34,
  series =	 "A.P.I.C. Series",
  address =	 "London",
  note =	 "Translated by P. Hoggan and G. Masini.",
  annote =	 "Survey of various languages. Hundreds of
                  references."
}

@inproceedings{Macedo-Larsen-Fitzgerald08,
title = {Incremental Development of a Distributed Real-Time Model of a Cardiac Pacing System Using VDM.},
author = {Hugo Daniel Macedo and Peter Gorm Larsen and John S. Fitzgerald},
booktitle = {FM},
editor = {Jorge Cuéllar and T. S. E. Maibaum and Kaisa Sere},
pages = {181-197},
publisher = {Springer},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/fm/fm2008.html{\#}MacedoLF08},
volume = {5014},
year = {2008},
description = {dblp},
date = {2008-06-14}, ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68237-0_14}, isbn = {978-3-540-68235-6},
keywords = {dblp }
}

@Article{MacLennan82,
  Author =	 "B. J. MacLennan",
  Title =	 "Values and Objects in Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Pages =	 "70-79",
  Year =	 1982,
  Annote =	 "Distinguishes 'value-oriented' from
                  'object-oriented'. Argues the need for both in
                  separate parts of a language. 7 references"
}

@Book{MacLennan87,
  Author =	 "Bruce J. MacLennan",
  Title =	 "Principles of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Holt, Rinehart and Winston",
  Year =	 "1987",
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Principles are abstraction, automation, defense in
                  depth, information hiding, labeling, localized cost,
                  manifest interface, orthogonality, portabilit,
                  preservation of information, regularity, security,
                  simplicity, structure, syntactic consistency,
                  zero-one-infinity. 24 references."
}

@Book{MacLennan90,
  Author =	 "Bruce J. MacLennan",
  Title =	 "Functional Programming: practice and theory",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Reading, MA"
}

@Article{MacLennan97,
  author =	 {Bruce J. MacLennan},
  title =	 {``Who Cares About Elegance?'' The Role of Aesthetics
                  in Programming Language Design},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {33-37},
  annote =	 {2 references.}
}

@Book{MacLennan99,
  Author =	 "Bruce J. MacLennan",
  Title =	 "Principles of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Oxford University Press",
  Year =	 "1999",
  Edition =	 "Third",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Principles are abstraction, automation, defense in
                  depth, elegance, impossible error, information
                  hiding, labeling, localized cost, manifest
                  interface, orthogonality, portabilit, preservation
                  of information, regularity, responsible design,
                  security, simplicity, structure, syntactic
                  consistency, zero-one-infinity. 24 references."
}

@Article{Mackie93,
  author =	 "Ian Mackie",
  title =	 "{Lilac} --- A Functional Programming Language Based
                  on Linear Logic",
  journal =	 "Journal of Functional Programming",
  volume =	 4,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "395-433",
  year =	 "1993",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  urldvi =
                  "file://theory.doc.ic.ac.uk/theory/papers/Mackie/fplboll.dvi.gz",
}

@Book{Madsen-Moller-Pedersen-Nygaard93,
  Author =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen and Birger M{\o}ller-Pedersen
                  and Kristen Nygaard",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Programming in the {BETA}
                  programming Language",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley Inc",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "120 references"
}

@InCollection{Madsen-Moller-Pederson88,
  Author =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen and Birger M{\o}ller-Pederson",
  Title =	 "What object-oriented programming may be --- and what
                  it does not have to be",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "1-20",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 322,
  Annote =	 "Introduction to OOP. 21 references."
}

@InProceedings{Madsen00,
  author =       {Ole Lehrmann Madsen},
  title =        {Towards a Unified Programming Language},
  editor =       {Elisa Bertino},
  booktitle =    {ECOOP 2000 -- Object-Oriented Programming 14th European Conference},
  series =       LNCS,
  volume =       1850,
  year =         2000,
  pages =        {1-26},
  annote =       {Discusses Beta. 53 references.}
}

@Book{Main-etal90,
  Editor =	 "M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove and D Schmidt",
  Title =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  5th International Conference, Tulane University, New
                  Orleans, USA, March/April, 1989",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 "1990",
  Volume =	 442,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY
}

@Article{Malhotra-etal89,
  Author =	 "Ashok Malhotra and Harry M. Markowitz and Yakov
                  Tsalalikhin and Donald P Pazel and Luanne M. Burns",
  Title =	 "An Entity-Relationship Programming Language",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "1120-1130",
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@Book{Manes-Arbib86,
  Author =	 "Ernest G. Manes and Michael A. Arbib",
  Title =	 "Algebraic Approaches to Program Semantics",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1986
}

@InProceedings{Manevich-etal05,
  author = 	 {Roman Manevich and E. Yahav and G. Ramalingam and Mooly Sagiv},
  title = 	 {Predicate Abstraction and Canonical Abstraction for Singly-Linked Lists},
  booktitle =    {Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation},
  pages = 	 {181-198},
  year = 	 2005,
  volume = 	 3385,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher =    SV,
  URL = 	 {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b105073},
  annote = 	 {16 references.}
}

@Article{Mansouri-Higgins97,
  author =	 {F Z Mansouri and C A Higgins},
  title =	 {Prolog: An annotated bibliography},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 9,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {47-53},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@Article{Maraist-Odersky-Wadler98,
  author =	 "John Maraist and Martin Odersky and Philip Wadler",
  title =	 "The call-by-need lambda calculus",
  journal =	 "Journal of Functional Programming",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 8,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {275-317},
  annote =	 {40 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Marino-Millstein09,
  author = 	 {Daniel Marino and Todd Millstein},
  title = 	 {A Generic Type-and-Effect System},
  booktitle = {TLDI},
  year = 	 2009,
  note = 	 {To appear},
  URL = 	 {\url{http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~todd/research/tldi09.html}}
}

@Book{Marriott-Stuckey98,
  author =	 {Kim Marriott and Peter J. Stuckey},
  title =	 {Programming with Constraints: An Introduction},
  publisher =	 MITP,
  year =	 1998,
  annote =	 {146 references.}
}

@Article{Martin98,
  author =	 {Peter Martin},
  title =	 {Java, the good, the bad and the ugly},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {34-39},
  annote =	 {5 references.}
}

@Article{Mason-Talcott91,
  Author =	 "Ian Mason and Carolyn Talcott",
  Title =	 "Equivalence in Functional Languages with Effects",
  Journal =	 "Journal of Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "287-328",
  Annote =	 "Adds objects with memory to a call-by-value lambda
                  calculus. 43 references."
}

@InProceedings{Mason-Talcott92,
  Author =	 "Ian A. Mason and Carolyn L. Talcott",
  Year =	 1992,
  Title =	 "References, Local Variables and Operational
                  Reasoning",
  BookTitle =	 "Seventh Annual Symposium on logic in computer
                  science",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE",
  Annote =	 "35 references."
}

@Article{Mason-Talcott93,
  Author =	 "I. A. Mason and C. L. Talcott",
  Year =	 1993,
  Title =	 "Inferring the Equivalence of Functional Programs
                  That Mutate Data",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Volume =	 "to appear 1993",
  Annote =	 "extended version of mason-talcott-89lics"
}

@PhDThesis{Mason86,
  Author =	 "I. A. Mason",
  Year =	 1986,
  Title =	 "The Semantics of Destructive {L}isp",
  School =	 "Stanford University",
  Note =	 "Also available as CSLI Lecture Notes No. 5, Center
                  for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford
                  University",
  Annote =	 "78 references."
}

@Article{Masotti91,
  Author =	 "Glauco Masotti",
  Title =	 "EC++: Extended C++",
  Journal =	 JOOP,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "10-20",
  Annote =	 "6 references."
}

@InProceedings{Masuhara-Kiczales-Dutchyn02,
  Author =	 {Kidehiko Masuhara and Gregor Kiczales and Chris
                  Dutchyn},
  Title =	 {Compilation Semantics of Aspect-Oriented Programs},
  Pages =	 "17-26",
  BookTitle =	 {FOAL 2002 Proceedings: Foundations of
                  Aspect-Oriented Languages Workshop at AOSD 2002},
  year =	 2002,
  Editor =	 {Gary T. Leavens and Ron Cytron},
  Organization = {Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University},
  Series =	 {Technical Report},
  number =	 {02-06},
  month =	 apr,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR02-06/TR.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Masuhara-Kiczales03,
  author =	 {Hidehiko Masuhara and Gregor Kiczales},
  title =	 {Modeling Crosscutting in Aspect-Oriented Mechanisms},
  crossref =	 {ecoop03},
  pages =	 {2--28},
  annote =	 {28 references}
}

@Article{Matos-Jalics89,
  Author =	 "Victor M. Matos and Paul J. Jalics",
  Title =	 "An Experimental Analysis of the Performance of
                  Fourth Generation Tools on PCs",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "1340-1351",
  Annote =	 "4GLs are not much slower than COBOL, and easier to
                  program. 25 references."
}

@TechReport{Matsushima-Wiederhold90,
  Author =	 "Toshiyuki Matsushima and Gio Wiederhold",
  Title =	 "A Model of Object-Identities and Values",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Stanford University",
  Number =	 "STAN-CS-90-1304",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@InProceedings{Mauny-Suarez86,
  Author =	 "Michel Mauny and Ascander Suarez",
  Title =	 "Implementing Functional Languages in the Categorical
                  Abstract Machine",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "13-27",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Book{McCabe92,
  Author =	 "Francis G. McCabe",
  Title =	 "Logic and Objects",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-13-536079-X"
}

@Book{McCarthy-etal65,
  Author =	 "John McCarthy and Paul W. Abrahams and Daniel
                  J. Edwards and Timothy P. Hart and Michael I. Levin",
  Title =	 "LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual",
  Year =	 1965,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Annote =	 "Original LISP. 1 reference."
}

@Article{McCarthy60,
  Author =	 "John McCarthy",
  Title =	 "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and
                  Their Computation by Machine, Part I",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1960,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "184-195",
  Annote =	 "LISP and meta-circular interpreters. 5 references."
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy63,
  author =	"John McCarthy",
  title =	"A Basis for a Mathematical Theory of Computation",
  booktitle =	"Computer Programming and Formal Systems",
  publisher =	"North Holland",
  editor =	"P. Braffort and D. Hirschberg",
  pages =	"33-69",
  year = 	"1963"
}

@TechReport{McCloskey-etal08,
  title     = {Staccato: A Parallel and concurrent Real-Time
                  Compacting Garbage Collector for Multiprocessors},
  author    = {B. McCloskey and D. Bacon and P. Cheng and D. Grove},
  year      = 2008,
  month     = feb,
  institution   = {IBM},
  type      = {Research Report},
  url       = {http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~billm/rc24504.pdf}
}

@TechReport{McDermott-Sussman74,
  Author =	 "Drew V. McDermott and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "The CONNIVER Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 "295a",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1974
}

@Article{McDermott80,
  Author =	 "Drew McDermott",
  Title =	 "The Prolog Phenomenon",
  Journal =	 SIGART,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "16-20",
  Note =	 "Number 72",
  Annote =	 "A description and evaluation of Prolog. 16
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{McDirmid-Flatt-Hsieh01,
  author =	 "Sean McDirmid and Matthew Flatt and Wilson Hsieh",
  title =	 "Jiazzi: New-Age Components for Old-Fashioned {Java}",
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '01: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  volume =	 "36(11)",
  series =	 {SIGPLAN Notices},
  year =	 2001,
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 nov,
  pages =	 {211--222},
  annote =	 "29 references."
}

@InProceedings{McDirmid-Hsieh03,
  author =	 "Sean McDirmid and Wilson Hsieh",
  title =	 "Aspect Oriented Programming with {Jiazzi}",
  booktitle =	 {Proc. 2nd Int' Conf. on Aspect-Oriented Software
                  Development {(AOSD 2003)}},
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak\c{s}it},
  year =	 2003,
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {70--79},
  location =	 {Boston, MA},
  annote =	 "23 references."
}

@Article{McDonald-Allison89,
  Author =	 "C. McDonald and L. Allison",
  Title =	 "Denotational Semantics of a Command Interpreter and
                  their Implementation in Standard ML",
  Journal =	 "The Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "422-431",
  Annote =	 "Implementation of the denotational semantics of the
                  Unix Shell in Standard ML. 16 references."
}

@Book{McGraw-Felten96,
  author =	 "Gary McGraw and Edward W. Felten",
  title =	 "{Java} Security: Hostile Applets, Holes and
                  Antidotes",
  publisher =	 "Wiley",
  address =	 NY,
  year =	 "1996",
  ISBN =	 "0-471-17842-X (paperback)",
  LCCN =	 "QA76.73.J38M354 1996",
  series =	 "Wiley Computer Publishing",
  keywords =	 "Computer security; Java (Computer program language);
                  Java (computer program language); technology --
                  computers and computer technology",
  annote =	 "27 references."
}

@Article{McGraw-Felton97,
  author =	 "Gary McGraw and Edward Felton",
  title =	 "{Java} Security and Type Safety --- {Java}'s
                  sophisticated security mechanism performs run-time
                  safety checks before it allows a downloaded applet
                  to execute",
  journal =	 "BYTE Magazine",
  volume =	 "22",
  number =	 "1",
  pages =	 "63--64",
  month =	 jan,
  year =	 1997,
  ISSN =	 "0360-5280"
}

@Book{McKeeman-Horning-Wortman70,
  Author =	 "William M. McKeeman and James J. Horning and David
                  B. Wortman",
  Title =	 "A Compiler Generator",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1970,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Annote =	 "44 refrences."
}

@Book{McKinley04,
  editor =	 {Kathryn S. McKinley},
  title = 	 {20 Years of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation 1979-1999 A Selection},
  publisher = 	 ACM,
  year = 	 2004,
  volume =	 39,
  number =	 4,
  series =	 SIGPLAN,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 apr
}

@Article{Meertens-Pemberton85,
  Author =	 "Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton",
  Title =	 "Description of B",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 20,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "58-76",
  Annote =	 "Informal description of the programming language
                  B. This is a slightly revised version of the
                  language. B is intended for beginners but has many
                  advanced features such as type inference. 3
                  references."
}

@InCollection{Mellender-Riegel-Straw89,
  Author =	 "Fred Mellender and Steve Riegel and Andrew Straw",
  Title =	 "Optimizing Smalltalk Message Performance",
  Editor =	 "Won Kim and Frederick H. Lochovsky",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and
                  Applications",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Chapter =	 17,
  Pages =	 "423-450",
  Annote =	 "12 references"
}

@Book{Menon93,
  Author =	 "Sathis Menon",
  Title =	 "The C Workbook",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw-Hill",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Article{Merks-Dyck-Cameron92,
  Author =	 "Eduardus A. T. Merks and J. Michael Dyck and Robert
                  D. Cameron",
  Title =	 "Language Design for Program Manipulation",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "19-32",
  Annote =	 "43 references."
}

@Book{Metcalf-Reid96,
  author =	 {Metcalf-Reid},
  title =	 {The {F} Programming Language},
  publisher =	 {Oxford University Press},
  year =	 1996
}

@Book{Meulen00,
  Author =	 "Emma A. van der Meulen",
  Title =	 "Incremental Rewriting",
  Publisher =	 "Copy Print",
  Address =	 "Enschede, The Netherlands",
  Year = 2000,
  Annote =	 "40 references"
}

@InProceedings{Meyer-Halpern80,
  Author =	 "Albert Meyer and Joseph Y. Halpern",
  Title =	 "Axiomatic Definitions of programming Languages A
                  Theoretical Assessment (Preliminary Report)",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Seventh Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Las Vegas, Nevada",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "203-212",
  Annote =	 "Shows that programming languages can be specified
                  axiomatically using pre-post assertions or predicate
                  transformers. 18 references."
}

@InProceedings{Meyer-Sieber88,
  Author =	 "Albert R. Meyer and Kurt Sieber",
  Title =	 "Towards Fully Abstract Semantics for Local
                  Variables: Preliminary Report",
  BookTitle =	 "Proc.\ $15^{th}$ Annual {ACM} Symp. on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Diego",
  Year =	 "1988",
  Pages =	 "191--203",
  Publisher =	 ACM,
  Address =      NY
}

@InProceedings{Meyer-Nerson-Matsuo87,
  author = 	 {Bertrand Meyer and Jean-Marc Nerson and Masanobu Matsuo},
  title = 	 {Eiffel: Object-oriented design for software engineering},
  booktitle = {1st European Software Engineering Conference, Strasbourg, France},
  year = 	 1987,
  editor = 	 {Howard Nichols and Dan Simpson},
  number = 	 289,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  pages = 	 {221-229},
  month = 	 sep,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher = SV,
  annote = 	 {20 references. Section 5 contains a definition of behavioral subtyping.}
}

@TechReport{Meyer85b,
  author = 	 {Bertrand Meyer},
  title = 	 {Eiffel: A Langauge for Software Engineering},
  institution =  {University of California, Santa Barbara},
  year = 	 1985,
  number = 	 {TR-CS-85-19},
  address = 	 {Santa Barbara, Calif.},
  month = 	 dec,
  annote = 	 {25 references. Section 1.7.6 contains a rule for behavioral subtyping.}
}

@Article{Meyer87,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Reusability: The Case for Object-Oriented Design",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "50-64",
  Annote =	 "Arguments for object-oriented languages with
                  inheritance from the point of reusability. Some
                  examples in the Eiffel. 23 references."
}

@Book{Meyer88,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Object-oriented Software Construction",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "The programming language Eiffel. 120 References."
}

@Article{Meyer88b,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Eiffel: A Language and Environment for Software
                  Engineering",
  Journal =	 "The Journal of Systems and Software",
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "199-246"
}

@Article{Meyer89,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "From Structured Programming to Object-Oriented
                  Design: The Road to {Eiffel}",
  Journal =	 "Structured Programming",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "19-39",
  Annote =	 "44 references."
}

@Book{Meyer90,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Introduction to the Theory of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "115 references."
}

@Book{Meyer92b,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Eiffel: The Language",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Series =	 "Object-Oriented Series",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "Definition of Eiffel with supporting material on
                  methodology and examples integrated in a unique
                  way. More than 35 references."
}

@Book{Meyer97,
  Author =	 "Bertrand Meyer",
  Title =	 "Object-oriented Software Construction",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Edition =	 "second",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1997,
  Annote =	 "The programming language Eiffel."
}

@Book{Meyers-Clack-Poon93,
  Author =	 "Colin Meyers and Chris Clack and Ellen Poon",
  Title =	 "Programming with Standard ML",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-13-722075-8"
}

@Article{Meyers90,
  Author =	 "Brad A. Meyers",
  Title =	 "A New Model for Handling Input",
  Journal =	 TOOIS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "280-320",
  Note =	 "Design of interactors for the Garret
                  project. Interactors hide details of underlying
                  Window System events."
}

@Book{Meyers92,
  Author =	 "Scott Meyers",
  Title =	 "Effective C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your
                  Programs and Designs",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Massachusetts",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series"
}

@Book{Miller-Quilici93,
  Author =	 "Lawrence H. Miller and Alexander E. Quilici",
  Title =	 "The Joy of C",
  Publisher =	 "John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  Edition =	 2,
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@InCollection{Miller-Tripathi97,
  author =	 {Robert Miller and Anand Tripathi},
  title =	 {Issues with Exception Handling in Object-Oriented
                  Systems},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '97 --- Object-Oriented Programming 11th
                  European Conference, Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a}, Finland},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak\c{s}it and Satoshi Matsuoka},
  volume =	 1241,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {85-103},
  annote =	 {23 references.}
}

@TechReport{Miller-etal89,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur and Frank Pfenning
                  and Andre Scedrov",
  Title =	 "Uniform Proofs as a Foundation for Logic
                  Programming",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Philadelphia",
  Number =	 "MS-CIS-89-36 and LINC LAB 154",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "To appear in {\em Annals of Pure and Applied Logic}",
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@Article{Miller-etal91,
  Author =	 "D. Miller and G. Nadathur and F. Pfenning and
                  A. Scedrov",
  Title =	 "Uniform Proofs as a Foundation for Logic
                  Programming",
  Journal =	 "Annals of Pure and Applied Logic",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 51,
  Number =	 "1-2",
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "125-157"
}

@TechReport{Miller89,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Abstractions in Logic Programs",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Philadelphia",
  Number =	 "MS-CIS-89-30 and LINC LAB 152",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "To appear in the volume {\em Logic and Computer
                  Science }, edited by P. Odifreddi and published by
                  Academic Press",
  Annote =	 "36 references."
}

@InCollection{Miller90,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "A Logic Programming Language with Lambda-Abstraction
                  Function Variables, and Simple Unification",
  BookTitle =	 "Extensions of Logic Programming, International
                  Workshop, Tubingen, FRG, December, 1989",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "Peter Schroeder-Heister",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 475,
  Pages =	 "253-282",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@InCollection{Miller90b,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Abstractions in Logic Programs",
  BookTitle =	 "Logic and Computer Science",
  Editor =	 "P. Odifreddi",
  Pages =	 "329-359",
  Publisher =	 "Academic Press",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "36 references."
}

@Article{Miller91,
  author =	 "Dale Miller",
  title =	 "A Logic Programming Language with
                  Lambda-Abstraction, Function Variables, and Simple
                  Unification",
  journal =	 "Journal of Logic and Computation",
  volume =	 1,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "497--536",
  year =	 1991,
  urldvi =
                  "file://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/papers/miller/jlc91.dvi.Z",
  keywords =	 "lambda-Prolog, unification",
}

@Proceedings{Miller92,
  Editor =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Proceedings of the Workshop on the Lambda Prolog
                  Programming Language",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1992,
  Organization = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, UPenn",
  Address =	 "University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"
}

@UnPublished{Miller93,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "A Multiple-Conclusion Meta-Logic: An Extended
                  Abstract",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, University of
                  Pennsylvania",
  Address =	 "Philadelphia, PA 19104-6389",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 dec,
  Note =	 "This Extended abstract has been submitted to
                  LICS'94",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@Article{Miller96,
  Author =	 "Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "Forum: A Multiple-Conclusion Specification Language",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Year =	 "1996",
  pages =	 {201--232},
  month =	 sep,
  volume =	 165,
  number =	 1
}

@InProceedings{Millstein-Bleckner-Chambers02,
  author =	 {Todd Millstein and Colin Bleckner and Craig
                  Chambers},
  title =	 {Modular Typechecking for Hierarchically Extensible
                  Datatypes and Functions},
  BookTitle = {ICFP '02: Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGPLAN international
                conference on Functional programming},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "37(9)",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 2002,
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  pages =	 {110--122},
  annote =	 {30 references. Introduces Extensible ML (EML).}
}

@inproceedings{Millstein-Reay-Chambers03,
  author =	 "Todd Millstein and Mark Reay and Craig Chambers",
  title =	 "{Relaxed MultiJava}: Balancing Extensibility and
                  Modular Typechecking",
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '03: Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  location =	 {Anaheim, CA},
  address = NY,
  publisher = ACM,
  month =	 nov,
  series = SIGPLAN,
  volume = "38(11)",
  Pages = {224--240},
  year =	 2003,
}

@InProceedings{Millstein04,
  author =	 {Todd Millstein},
  title =	 {Practical Predicate Dispatch},
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA '04: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  year =	 2004,
  publisher = ACM,
  address = NY,
  month =	 oct,
  series = SIGPLAN,
  volume = "39(11)",
  pages =	 {345--364},
  location =	 {Vancouver, BC},
}

@Book{Milne-Strachey76,
  Author =	 "R. E. Milne and C. Strachey",
  Title =	 "A Theory of Programming Language Semantics (part a,
                  part b)",
  Publisher =	 "Chapman \& Hall",
  Year =	 1976,
  Address =	 "London"
}

@Book{Milner-Tofte-Harper90,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner and Mads Tofte and Robert Harper",
  Title =	 "The Definition of Standard {ML}",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "A formal definition. 33 references."
}

@Book{Milner-Tofte91,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner and Mads Tofte",
  Title =	 "Commentary on Standard {ML}",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 "1 reference."
}

@TechReport{Mitchell-Maybury-Sweet79,
  Author =	 "James G. Mitchell and William Maybury and Richard
                  Sweet",
  Title =	 "Mesa Language Manual, version 5.0",
  Institution =	 "Xerox Palo Alto Research Centers",
  Year =	 1979,
  Month =	 apr,
  Number =	 "CSL-79-3",
  Annote =	 "Mesa is a systems programming language with modules
                  which are used to program abstract data types."
}


@Article{Mitchell-Moggi91,
  Author =	 "J. C. Mitchell and E. Moggi",
  Title =	 "Kripke-style models for typed lambda calculus",
  Journal =	 "Annals of Pure and Applied Logic",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 51,
  Number =	 "1-2",
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "99-124"
}

@Book{Mitchell03,
  author =	 {John C. Mitchell},
  title =	 {Concepts in Programming Languages},
  publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 NY
}

@InProceedings{Mitchell91,
  Author =	 "John C. Mitchell",
  Title =	 "On abstraction and the expressive power of
                  programming languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computer
                  Software, Sendi Japan",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 sep,
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@Article{Mitchell93,
  Author =	 "John C. Mitchell",
  Title =	 "On abstraction and the expressive power of
                  programming languages",
  Journal =	 SCP,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "141-163",
  Month =	 oct
}

@Book{Mitchell96,
  author =	 {John C. Mitchell},
  title = 	 {Foundations for Programming Languages},
  publisher = 	 MITP,
  year = 	 1996,
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  ISBN =	 "0-262-13321-0",
  annote =	 "Graduate text on programming language theory. Focus
                  on typed lambda calculus. Hundreds of references."
}

@Article{Mobasher-Pigozzi-Slutzki97,
  author =	 {B. Mobasher and D. Pigozzi and G. Slutzki},
  title =	 {Multi-valued logic programming semantics: an
                  algebraic approach},
  journal =	 TCS,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 171,
  pages =	 {77-109},
  annote =	 {30 references.}
}

@Article{Mobasher-etal00,
  author =	 {Bamshad Mobasher and Don Pigozzi and Giora Slutzki
                  and George Voutsadakis},
  title =	 {A Duality Theory for Bilattices},
  journal =	 {Algebra Universalis},
  year =	 2000,
  volume =	 43,
  pages =	 "109-125"
}

@Unpublished{Mobasher-etal93,
  Author =	 "Bamshad Mobasher and Jacek Leszczylwski and Don
                  Pigozzi and Giora Slutzki",
  Title =	 "Negation as Partial Failure",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 may,
  Note =	 "Obtained from the authors",
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@PhdThesis{Mobasher94,
  Author =	 "Bamshad Mobasher",
  Title =	 "Generalized Knowledge-based semantics for
                  multi-valued logic programs",
  School =	 "Iowa State Universiity",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Ames, IA",
  Annote =	 "57 references."
}

@Article{Mody91,
  Author =	 "R. P. Mody",
  Title =	 "C in Education and Software Engineering",
  Journal =	 "SIGCSE Bulletin",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "45-56",
  Annote =	 "Why C is a bad first language. 27 references."
}

@Article{Moessenboeck-Wirth91,
  Author =	 {H. M\"{o}ssenb\"{o}ck and Niklaus Wirth},
  Title =	 "The Programming Language {Oberon-2}",
  Journal =	 "Structured Programming",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 4
}

@TechReport{Moggi90,
  Author =	 "Eugenio Moggi",
  Title =	 "An abstract view of programming languages",
  Institution =	 "Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science,
                  Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Edinburgh",
  Address =	 "Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ",
  Number =	 "ECS-LFCS-90-113",
  Year =	 1990
}

@Book{Mojena92,
  Author =	 "Richard Mojena",
  Title =	 "Turbo Pascal",
  Publisher =	 "Wadsworth",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Belmont, Calif.",
  Annote =	 "First course in Programming using Turbo Pascal"
}

@Proceedings{Montanari-Rossi95,
  title =	 "Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Ugo Montanari and Francesca Rossi",
  volume =	 976,
  series =	 LNCS,
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY
}

@Book{Moon-Stallman-Weinreb83,
  Author =	 "David Moon and Richard M. Stallman and Daniel
                  Weinreb",
  Title =	 "Lisp Machine Manual (fifth edition)",
  Publisher =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1983,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "The ZetaLisp language which includes Flavors is
                  described. Flavors is a message based, object
                  oriented style of programming, with a multiple
                  inheritance mechanism."
}

@InCollection{Moon89,
  Author =	 "David A. Moon",
  Title =	 "The Common Lisp Object-Oriented Programming Language
                  Standard",
  Editor =	 "Won Kim and Frederick H. Lochovsky",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and
                  Applications",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Chapter =	 4,
  Pages =	 "49-78",
  Annote =	 "9 references"
}

@InProceedings{Moran-Sands99,
  author =	 {Andrew Moran and David Sands},
  title =	 {Improvement in a Lazy Context: An Operational Theory
                  for Call-By-Need},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 99: The 26th ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Antonio, Texas},
  year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {43-56},
  annote =	 {Operational theory for reasoning about optimization
                  of lazy programs. 42 references.}
}

@TechReport{Morris81,
  Author =	 "James H. Morris",
  Title =	 "Real Programming in Functional Languages",
  Institution =	 "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 81,
  Number =	 "CSL-81-11",
  Annote =	 "21 references."
}

@InCollection{Morris82,
  author =	 {James H. Morris},
  title =	 {Real Programming in Functional Languages},
  booktitle =	 {Functional Programming and Its Applications},
  year =	 1982,
  publisher =	"Cambridge University Press",
  pages =	"129-176",
  editor =	 "John Darlington, Peter Henderson, and David
                  A. Turner"
}

@InProceedings{Morrisett-etal98,
  author =	 {Greg Morrisett and David Walker and Karl Crary and
                  Neal Glew},
  title =	 {From System {F} to Typed Assembly Language},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 98: The 25TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Diego, California},
  year =	 1998,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {85-97},
  annote =	 {96 references.}
}

@article{Morrisett-etal99,
  author =	 {Greg Morrisett and David Walker and Karl Crary and
                  Neal Glew},
  title =	 {From System {F} to Typed Assembly Language},
  journal = TOPLAS,
  volume = 21,
  number = 3,
  pages = "527-568",
  month = may,
  year= 1999
}

@Article{Morrison-etal90,
  Author =	 "R. Morrison and M. P. Atkinson and A. L. Brown and
                  A. Dearle",
  Title =	 "On the classification of binding mechanisms",
  Journal =	 IPL,
  Volume =	 34,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "51-56"
}

@Book{Moss94,
  author =	 "Chris Moss",
  title =	 "{Prolog++}: The Power of Object-Oriented and Logic
                  Programming",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  year =	 1994,
  address =	 NY,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@InCollection{Mosses-Watt87,
  Author =	 "P. D. Mosses and D. A. Watt",
  Title =	 "The use of action semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "Proc. IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Formal
                  Description of Programming Concepts III",
  Publisher =	 "North-Holland",
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "135-163",
  Address =	 "Amsterdam"
}

@InProceedings{Mosses89a,
  Author =	 "Peter D. Mosses",
  Title =	 "Unified Algebras and Institutions",
  BookTitle =	 "Fourth Annual Symposium on Logic in Computer
                  Science, Pacific Grove, California",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "304-312",
  Annote =	 "Generalization of order-sorted algebras that allows
                  operations to be applied to sorts as well as
                  elements. 30 references."
}

@InCollection{Mosses89b,
  Author =	 "Peter D. Mosses",
  Title =	 "Unified Algebras and Action Semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "6th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of
                  Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 349,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "17-35"
}

@InCollection{Mosses90,
  Author =	 "Peter D. Mosses",
  Booktitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Title =	 "Denotational Semantics",
  Chapter =	 11,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "J. van Leewen",
  Pages =	 "577-631",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "60 references."
}

@Book{Mosses92,
  Author =	 "Peter D. Mosses",
  Title =	 "Action Semantics",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 26,
  Series =	 "Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "About 85 references."
}

@InCollection{Mosses93,
  Author =	 "P.D. Mosses",
  Title =	 "On the Action Semantics of Concurrent Programming
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 666,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Baker and W. P. de Rover and G. Rozenberg",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "Semantics: Foundations and Applications REX
                  Workshop",
  Page =	 "398-424",
  Annote =	 "14 references"
}

@Book{Muchnick00,
  author =	 {Steven S. Muchnick},
  title =	 {Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 {San Francisco},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@Book{Mueller-Page88,
  Author =	 "Robert A. Mueller and Rex L. Page",
  Title =	 "Symbolic Computing with Lisp and Prolog",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Features a comparison of LISP and Prolog. Many
                  references in each chapter."
}

@TechReport{Muller89a,
  Author =	 "Robert Muller",
  Title =	 "{MetaLISP}: A Representation Independent Dialect of
                  {LISP} with Reduction Semantics (Extended Abstract)",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Boston University",
  Number =	 "BU-CS TR 89-01",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@TechReport{Muller89b,
  Author =	 "Robert Muller",
  Title =	 "Eval and Call by Representation in {MetaLISP}: A
                  Representation Independent Dialect of {LISP} with
                  Reduction Semantics",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Department, Boston University",
  Number =	 "BU-CS TR 89-002",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Mulmuley87,
  Author =	 "Ketan Mulmuley",
  Title =	 "Full Abstraction and Semantic Equivalence",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Relationships between denotational and operational
                  descriptions of programming languages. Inclusive
                  Predicate Logic (IPL). 21 references."
}

@Article{Murphy-etal01,
  Author =	 "Gail C. Murphy and Robert J. Walker and Elisa
                  L. A. Baniassad and Martin P. Robillard and Albert
                  Lai and Mik A. Kersten",
  Title =	 "Does aspect-oriented programming work?",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "75--77"
}

@Book{Murray93,
  Author =	 "Robert B. Murray",
  Title =	 "C++ Strategies and Tactics",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Brian W. Kernighan",
  Series =	 "Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-201-56382-7; 0 references"
}

@InCollection{Murray93a,
  Author =	 "R. B. Murray",
  Title =	 "Building Well-Behaved Type Relationships in C++",
  BookTitle =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Pages =	 "87-97",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "3 references."
}

@Book{Musser-Saini96,
  author =	 "David R. Musser and Atul Saini",
  title =	 "{STL} Tutorial and Reference Guide",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  year =	 "1996",
}

@Book{Myers-Clack-Poon93,
  Author =	 "Colin Myers and Chris Clack and Ellen Poon",
  Title =	 "Programming with Standard ML",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1993,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "48 references; ISBN 0-13-722075-8"
}

@Article{Myers-Giuse-Vander-Zanden92,
  Author =	 "Brad A. Myers and Dario A. Giuse and Vander Zanden,
                  Brad",
  Title =	 "Declarative Programming in a Prototype-Instance
                  System: Object-Oriented Programming Without Writing
                  Methods",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "184-200",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '92 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@TechReport{Myers88,
  Author =	 "Brad A. Myers",
  Title =	 "The State of the Art in Visual Programming and
                  Program Visualization",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Address =	 "Pittsburgh, Penn.",
  Year =	 1988,
  Month =	 jun,
  Number =	 "CMU-CS-88-114",
  Annote =	 "80 references."
}

@TechReport{Nadathur-Miller88a,
  Author =	 "Gopalan Nadathur and Dale Miller",
  Title =	 "An Overview of $\lambda$Prolog",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                  University of Pennsylvania",
  Year =	 1988,
  Number =	 "ERGO-90-093",
  Month =	 aug,
  Note =	 "Appears in Fifth International Conference Symposium
                  on Logic Programming",
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@Article{Nadathur-Miller90,
  Author =	 "G. Nadathur and D. Miller",
  Title =	 "Higher-Order {Horn} Clauses",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 37,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "777-814"
}

@InProceedings{Nadathur88,
  author =	 "Gopalan Nadathur and Dale Miller",
  title =	 "An Overview of {$\lambda$Prolog}",
  booktitle =	 "Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Fifth
                  International Conference and Symposium, Volume 1",
  publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  month =	 aug,
  year =	 "1988",
  editor =	 "Robert A. Kowalski and Kenneth A. Bowen",
  address =	 "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
  pages =	 "810--827"
}

@InProceedings{Naher93,
  Author =	 "S. Naher",
  Title =	 "LEDA - a library of efficient data types and
                  algorithms",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 665,
  Editor =	 "P. Enjalbert and A. Finkel and K. W. Wagner",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "STACS 93, 10th Annual Symposium on the Theoretical
                  Aspects of Computer Science",
  Page =	 "710-711",
  Annote =	 "3 references"
}

@Article{Naixiao-Hongjun-Zongyan97,
  author =	 {Zhang Naixiao and Zheng Hongjun and Qiu Zongyan},
  title =	 {Garment: A Mechanism for Abstraction and
                  Encapsulation of Languages},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {53-60},
  annote =	 {Connecting domain-specific and interface
                  languages. 16 references.}
}

@unpublished{Nanning04,
  Author =	 {{Nanning Project}},
  Title =	 {Nanning {Java} Aspects {AOP} Framework},
  note =	 {\url{http://nanning.snipsnap.org/space/start}},
  month =	 feb,
  year =	 2004,
}

@Article{Naur-etal63,
  Author =	 "Peter Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and
                  J. Green and C. Katz and J. McCarthy and
                  A. J. Perlis and H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and
                  B. Vauquois and J. H. Wegstein and A. van
                  Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  Title =	 "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1963,
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 17
}

@InCollection{Nayeri-Hurwitz-Manola94,
  Author =	 "Farshad Hayeri and Ben Hurwitz and Frank Manola",
  Title =	 "Protection in the Guide Object-Oriented Distributed
                  System",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Programming 8th European Conference,
                  ECOOP '94 Bologna, Italy, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Mario Tokoro and Remo Pareschi",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 821,
  Pages =	 "450-473",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jul,
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@InProceedings{Necula97,
  author =	 {George C. Necula},
  title =	 {Proof-Carrying Code},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 97: The 24TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Paris, France},
  year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {106-119},
  annote =	 {16 references.}
}

@Book{Neilson-Neilson92,
  Author =	 "F. Nielson and H.R. Neilson",
  Title =	 "Semantics with Applications - A Formal Introduction",
  Publisher =	 Wiley,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "17 references."
}

@Book{Neilson-Neilson92a,
  Author =	 "F. Nielson and H.R. Neilson",
  Title =	 "Two-Level Functional Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0 521 40384 7 hardback 107 references."
}

@Article{Neilson89,
  Author =	 "F. Neilson",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 69,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 dec,
  Pages =	 "117-242"
}

@Book{Nelson91,
  Author =	 "Greg Nelson",
  Title =	 "Systems Programming with Modula-3",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 "30 references."
}

@Misc{Neumann,
  author =   {Peter G. Neumann},
  title =    {The Risks Digest},
  howpublished = {\url{http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks}},
}

@Article{Ng-Ma-Shatin86,
  Author =	 "K. W. Ng and W. Y. Ma and Shatin N. T.",
  Title =	 "Pitfalls in PROLOG Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "75-79",
  Annote =	 "The pitfalls illustrate ways in which PROLOG is not
                  just logic programming. 1 reference."
}

@InProceedings{Ng84,
  Author =	 "Kam-Wing Ng",
  Title =	 "GDPL--A Generalized Distributed Programming
                  Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Fourth International Conference on Distributed
                  Computing Systems",
  Pages =	 "69-78",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1984,
  Organization = "?"
}

@Article{Nicholson-Foo89,
  Author =	 "Tim Nicholson and Norman Foo",
  Title =	 "A Denotational Semantics for Prolog",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 11,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "650-665",
  Annote =	 "8 references."
}

@Book{Nielson-Nielson-Hankin05,
  author =       "Flemming Nielson and Hanne Riis Nielson and Chris Hankin",
  title =        "Principles of Program Analysis",
  publisher =    SV,
  year =         "2005",
  edition =      "Second printing",
  annote =       "185 references.",
  URL =          "http://www.daimi.au.dk/~hrn/PPA/ppa.html",
}

@Book{Nielson-Nielson-Hankin99,
  author =       "Flemming Nielson and Hanne Riis Nielson and Chris Hankin",
  title =        "Principles of Program Analysis",
  publisher =    SV,
  year =         "1999",
  annote =       "181 references.",
  URL =          "http://www.daimi.au.dk/~hrn/PPA/ppa.html",
}

@InCollection{Nikhil90,
  Author =	 "R. S. Nikhil",
  Title =	 "The Semantics of Update in a Functional Database
                  Programming Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Advances in Database Programming Languages",
  Editor =	 "Francois Ban\c{c}ilhon and Peter Buneman",
  Year =	 1990,
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Pages =	 "403-422",
  Annote =	 "Includes variations on array-like mappings."
}

@Article{Nilsen04,
  author = "Kelvin Nilsen",
  title = "Using Java for Reusable Embedded Real-Time Component Libraries",
  journal = "CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering",
  publisher = "U.S. Air Force",
  year = 2004,
  volume = 17,
  number = 12,
  month = dec,
  pages = "13-18",
  abstract = "Java as a high-level programming language provides great
                  support for a 
                  wide variety of networked devices and embedded
                  systems. When used in a military context, Java
                  promises to reduce development and maintenance costs
                  significantly, while increasing reliability,
                  flexibility, and functionality of embedded
                  systems. The secret in Java's success lies in its
                  ability to provide realtime mission-critical
                  response. This article discusses the characteristics
                  of mature Java technologies that are able to meet
                  these important defense criteria."
}

@TechReport{Nilsen88a,
  Author =	 "Kelvin Nilsen",
  Title =	 "The Design and Implementation of High-Level
                  Programming Language Features for Pattern Matching
                  in Real Time",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Arizona",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Number =	 "88-30",
  Annote =	 "44 references."
}

@Article{Nilsen88b,
  Author =	 "Kelvin Nilsen",
  Title =	 "Garbage Collection of Strings and Linked Data
                  Structures in Real Time",
  Journal =	 "Software, Practice, and Experience",
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "613-640"
}

@InProceedings{Nilsen93,
  author =	 "Kelvin Nilsen",
  title =	 "Reliable real-Time garbage Collection of {C++}",
  booktitle =	 "Workshop on Garbage Collection",
  month =	 sep,
  year =	 "1993",
  URL =		 "ftp://ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/garbage/GC93/nilsen.ps"
}

@Article{Nilsen94,
  author =	 "Kelvin D. Nilsen",
  title =	 "Reliable Real-Time Garbage Collection of {C++}",
  journal =	 "Computing Systems",
  volume =	 "7",
  number =	 "4",
  pages =	 "467--504",
  month =	 "Fall",
  year =	 "1994",
}

@Article{Nilsen96,
  title =	 "Issues in the Design and Implementation of Real-Time
                  {J}ava",
  author =	 "Kelvin Nilsen",
  journal =	 "Java Developer's Journal",
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 1,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 44
}

@Article{Nilsen98,
  author =	 {Kelvin Nilsen},
  title =	 {Adding Real-Time Capabilities to {Java}},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {49-56},
  annote =	 {10 references.}
}

@TechReport{Nord89,
  Author =	 "Robert L. Nord",
  Title =	 "The Ergo Analysis Facility: User Guide",
  Institution =	 "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                  University",
  Year =	 1989,
  Number =	 "ERGO-89-083",
  Month =	 sep,
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@TechReport{Normark90,
  Author =	 "Kurt N{\o}rmark",
  Title =	 "Simulation of Object-Oriented Concepts and
                  Mechanisms in Scheme",
  Institution =	 "Institute for Electronic Systems, Department of
                  Mathematics and Computer Science, The University of
                  Aalborg",
  Number =	 "R 90-01",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@InProceedings{Novak82,
  Author =	 "G. Novak",
  Title =	 "Glisp: a High-Level Language for AI Programming",
  Booktitle =	 "AAAI 82",
  Organization = "American Association for Artificial Intelligence",
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "238-241"
}

@Manual{Novak83a,
  Title =	 "Glisp User's Manual",
  Author =	 "G. Novak",
  Institution =	 "Stanford University Heuristic Programming Project",
  Year =	 1983
}

@Article{Novak83b,
  Author =	 "G. Novak",
  Title =	 "Glisp",
  Journal =	 "AI Magazine",
  Year =	 1983,
  Month =	 "Fall",
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "37 ff."
}

@inproceedings{Nystrom-Clarkson-Myers03,
  author =	 "Nathaniel Nystrom and Michael R. Clarkson and Andrew
                  C. Myers",
  title =	 "Polyglot: An Extensible Compiler Framework for Java",
  pages = {138--152},
  booktitle =	 "Compiler Construction: 12'th International
                  Conference, CC 2003",
  month =	 apr,
  year =	 2003,
  publisher =	 SV,
  volume = 2622,
  Address = NY,
}

@TechReport{OBrien85,
  Author =	 "Patrick O'Brien",
  Title =	 "Trellis Object-Based Environment: Language Tutorial",
  Institution =	 "Eastern Research Lab, Digital Equipment Corp.,
                  Hudson, Mass.",
  Year =	 1985,
  Number =	 "DEC-TR-373",
  Month =	 nov,
  Annote =	 "Language tutorial and partial rationale for
                  Owl. This is a statically type checked,
                  object-oriented language with inheritance. 1
                  reference."
}

@InCollection{OHearn-Tennent92,
  Author =	 "P. W. O'Hearn and R. D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Local Variables",
  Pages =	 "217-238",
  Booktitle =	 "Applications of Categories in Computer Science",
  Editor =	 "M. P. Fourman and P. T. Johnstone and A. M. Pitts",
  Year =	 1992,
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Series =	 "London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series",
  Volume =	 "177",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, England"
}

@InProceedings{OHearn-Tennent93,
  Author =	 "Peter W. O'Hearn and Robert D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Relational Parametricity and Local Variables",
  BookTitle =	 "Proc. $20^{th}$ Annual {ACM} Symposium on Principles
                  of Programming Languages",
  Pages =	 "171-184",
  Year =	 1993
}

@Article{OHearn-Tennent95,
  Author =	 "Peter W. O'Hearn and Robert D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Parametricity and Local Variables",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 42,
  Number =	 3,
  Year =	 1995
}

@TechReport{ObjPascal95,
  Author =	 "Tesler, Larry",
  Title =	 "Object {Pascal} Report",
  Number =	 1,
  Institution =	 "Apple Computer",
  Year =	 1985
}

@InProceedings{Odersky-Rabin-Hudak93,
  Author =	 "Martin Odersky and Dan Rabin and Paul Hudak",
  Title =	 "Call by Name, Assignment, and the lambda Calculus",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "43-56",
  Annote =	 "22 references"
}


@Book{Odersky-Spoon-Venners07,
  author = 	 {Martin Odersky and Lex Spoon and Bill Venners},
  title = 	 {Programming in {Scala}},
  publisher = 	 {Artima Press},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Mountain View, CA},
  annote = 	 {25 references.}
}

@TechReport{Odersky-etal04,
  author =	"Martin Odersky and Philippe Altherr and Vincent Cremet
		 and Burak Emir and Sebastian Maneth and St\'ephane
		 Micheloud and Nikolay Mihaylov and Michel Schinz and
		 Erik Stenman and Matthias Zenger",
  title =	"An Overview of the {Scala} Programming Language",
  institution =  "\'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne",
  type = 	"Technical Report",
  number =	"IC/2004/64",
  address =	"1015 Lausanne, Switzerland",
  year = 	"2004",
  annote =      "49 references.",
  note =        "Revised June 3, 2005.",
  URL =         "http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaOverview.pdf"
}

@Unpublished{Odersky-etal05,
  author =	"Martin Odersky and Philippe Altherr and Vincent Cremet
		 and Burak Emir and St\'ephane
		 Micheloud and Nikolay Mihaylov and Michel Schinz and
		 Erik Stenman and Matthias Zenger",
  title =	"The {Scala} Language Specification Version 1.0",
  note = 	 {\url{http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaReference.pdf}},
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 2005,
  annote =       "6 references.",
  URL = 	 {http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaReference.pdf},
}

@Unpublished{Odersky-etal05a,
  author =	"Martin Odersky and Philippe Altherr and Vincent Cremet
		 and Burak Emir and St\'ephane
		 Micheloud and Nikolay Mihaylov and Michel Schinz and
		 Erik Stenman and Matthias Zenger",
  title =	"An Introduction to {Scala}",
  note = 	 {\url{http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaIntro.pdf}},
  month =	 aug,
  year =	 2005,
  annote =       "No references.",
  URL = 	 {http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaIntro.pdf},
}



@Unpublished{Odersky05,
  author =	"Martin Odersky",
  title =	"{Scala} By Example",
  note = 	 {\url{http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaByExample.pdf}},
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 2005,
  annote =       "3 references.",
  URL = 	 {http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaByExample.pdf},
}

@InProceedings{Odersky94,
  Author =	 {Martin Odersky},
  Title =	 "A Functional Theory of Local Names",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "48-59",
  Annote =	 "23 references."
}

@InProceedings{Odersky99,
  author =	 {Martin Odersky},
  title =	 {Programming with Variable Functions},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {105-116},
  annote =	 {46 references.}
}

@InCollection{Ohori90,
  Author =	 "A. Ohori",
  Title =	 "Representing Object Identity in a Pure Functional
                  Language",
  BookTitle =	 "ICDT '90, Third International Conference on Database
                  Theory, Paris, France",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "S. Abiteboul and P. C. Kanellakis",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 470,
  Pages =	 "41-55",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 dec
}

@InProceedings{Okasaki96,
  author =	 {Chris Okasaki},
  title =	 {The Role of Lazy Evaluation in Amortized Data
                  Structures},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '96)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "31(6)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {62-72},
  annote =	 {25 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Okasaki97,
  author =	 {Chris Okasaki},
  title =	 {Catenable Double-Ended Queues},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '97)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(8)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {66-74},
  annote =	 {22 references.}
}

@Book{Okasaki98,
  author =	 {Chris Okasaki},
  title =	 {Purely Functional Data Structures},
  publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Cambridge, UK},
  annote =	 {Data structures and efficiency analysis for
                  functional programming. Code in ML and Haskell. Many
                  references.}
}

@Article{Okasaki98b,
  author =	 {Chris Okasaki},
  title =	 {Even higher-order functions for parsing or Why would
                  anyone ever want to use a sixth-order function?},
  journal =	 {Journal of Functional Programming},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 8,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {195-199},
  annote =	 {Parsing combinators for ML. 6 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Oles87a,
  Author =	 "Frank J. Oles",
  Title =	 "Semantics for Concurrency without Powerdomains",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of Fourteenth Annual ACM Symposium
                  on Principles of Programming Languages, Munich, West
                  Germany",
  Publisher =	 ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Note =	 "A slightly corrected version appears as IBM Research
                  Report RC 13195 (\#54922)"
}

@inproceedings{Ongkingco-etal06,
  Author = {Neil Ongkingco and Pavel Avgustinov and Julian Tibble and Laurie Hendren and  Oege {de Moor} and Ganesh Sittampalam},
  Title = {Adding Open Modules to {AspectJ}},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD)},
  location = "Bonn, Germany",
  Month = mar,
  Year = 2006,
  Pages = {39-50},
  Annote = {15 references.}
}

@Misc{Oracle21,
  author = 	 {Oracle},
  title = 	 {{OpenJDK}},
  howpublished = {http://openjdk.java.net/},
  year = 	 2021,
  note = 	 {Accessed, September 2021}
}

@inproceedings{Orleans02,
  title =	 {Incremental Programming with Extensible Decisions},
  author =	 {Doug Orleans},
  pages =	 {56-64},
  booktitle =	 {Proc. 1st Int' Conf. on Aspect-Oriented Software
                  Development {(AOSD-2002)}},
  editor =	 {Gregor Kiczales},
  publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  year =	 2002,
  month =	 apr,
  location =	 {Enschede, The Netherlands}
}

@Article{Ossher-Harrison92,
  Author =	 "Harold Ossher and William Harrison",
  Title =	 "Combination of Inheritance Hierarchies",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "25-40",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '92 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "34 references."
}

@Article{Ossher-Tarr01,
  Author =	 "Harold Ossher and Peri Tarr",
  Title =	 "Using multidimensional separation of concerns to
                  (re)shape evolving software",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 2001,
  Volume =	 44,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "43--50",
  url =
                  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=383845&type=issue&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=CACM"
}

@Book{Oualline95,
  author =	 "Steve Oualline",
  title =	 "Practical {C++} Programming",
  publisher =	 "O'Reilly \& {Associates, Inc.}",
  address =	 "Sebastapol, CA",
  year =	 1995
}

@Book{Ousterhout94,
  author =	 {J. Ousterhout},
  title =	 {Tcl and the Tk Toolkit},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley},
  year =	 1994,
  address =	 {Reading, Mass.}
}

@Article{Ousterhout98,
  author =	 {John K. Ousterhout},
  title =	 {Scripting: Higher-Level Programming for the 21st
                  Century},
  journal =	 {Computer},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {23-30},
  annote =	 {Scripting languaes like Perl, Python, Rexx, Tcl,
                  Visual Basic, and the Unix shells. 8 references.}
}

@Misc{ovm05,
  author    = "{Purdue University - S3 Lab}",
  title     = "The {Ovm} {V}irtual {M}achine homepage, \url{http://www.ovmj.org/}",
  year      = 2005
}

@MISC{PERC08,
  author = {Aonix},
  title = {PERC Pico 1.1 User Manual},
  howpublished = {http://research.aonix.com/jsc/pico-manual.4-19-08.pdf},
  month = {April},
  year = {2008}
}

@Book{Paepcke93,
  Author =	 "Andreas Paepcke",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Programming: The {CLOS} Perspective",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Boston, Mass.",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "An edited collection of articles."
}

@Book{Pagan81,
  author =	 "Frank G. Pagan",
  title =	 "Formal Specification of Programming Languages",
  publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
  year =	 1981,
  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632",
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Book{Pagan91,
  Author =	 "Frank G. Pagan",
  Title =	 "Partial Computation and the Construction of Language
                  Processors",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "Prentice-Hall Software Series",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632"
}

@InProceedings{Palacz-etal03,
  author =	 "K. Palacz and J. Baker and C. Flack and C. Grothoff
                  and H. Yamauchi and J. Vitek",
  title =	 "Engineering a customizable intermediate
                  representation",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the Workshop on Interpreters, Virtual
                  Machines, and Emulators (IVME'03), San Diego,
                  California",
  year =	 "2003",
  url =		 "http://www.ovmj.org/ovmir.ps"
}

@article{Palacz-etal05,
  author  = "Krzysztof Palacz and Jason Baker and Chapman Flack and
                  Christian Grothoff and Hiroshi Yamauchi and Jan Vitek",
  title  = "Engineering a common intermediate representation for the 
            {Ovm} framework",
  journal= "The Science of Computer Programming",
  volume = 57,
  number = 3,
  month  = "September",
  abstract = "The Ovm framework is a set of tools and components for
                  building language runtimes. We present the common
                  intermediate representation of this framework and software
                  design patterns used throughout Ovm. One of the main
                  themes in this work has been supporting experimentation
                  with new linguistic constructs and implementation
                  techniques. To this end, Ovm components were designed to
                  be parametric with respect to the instruction set on which
                  they operate and its semantics. We argue that our approach
                  eases the task of writing new components without
                  sacrificing efficiency.",
  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2004.08.007",
  pages  = "357-378",
  year   =  2005,
}

@InProceedings{Palsberg-Jay98a,
  Author =	 "Jens Palsberg and C. Barry Jay",
  Title =	 "The Essence of the Visitor Pattern",
  BookTitle =	 "Proc. 22nd IEEE Int. Computer Software and
                  Applications Conf., COMPSAC",
  Year =	 1998,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "9-15",
  Address =	 "Vienna, Austria",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE",
}

@InProceedings{Palsberg01,
  author =       "Jens Palsberg",
  title =        "Type-based analysis and applications",
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{ACM} {SIGPLAN} -- {SIGSOFT} Workshop on Program
                 Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering: {PASTE}'01",
  publisher =    "ACM Press",
  address =      NY,
  pages =        "20-27",
  year =         "2001",
  annote =       "27 references"
}

@InCollection{Pang-etal99,
  author =	 {Candy Pang and Wade Holst and Yuri Leontiev and
                  Duane Szaforon},
  title =	 {Muiti-method Dispatch Using Multiple Row
                  Displacement},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '99 --- Object-Oriented Programming 13th
                  European Conference, Lisbon Portugal},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1999,
  editor =	 {Rachid Guerraoui},
  volume =	 1628,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {304-328},
  annote =	 {20 references.}
}

@Book{Parker93a,
  Author =	 "Richard O. Parker",
  Title =	 "Easy Object Programming (for the Macintosh Using
                  AppMaker and THINK C)",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632",
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "No references included."
}

@article{Parr-Quong95,
    author = "Terence J. Parr and Russell W. Quong",
    title = "{ANTLR}: {A} Predicated-{LL}(k) Parser Generator",
    journal = SPandE,
    volume = "25",
    number = "7",
    pages = "789--810",
    year = "1995"
}

@Article{Pascoe86,
  Author =	 "Geoffrey A. Pascoe",
  Title =	 "Encapsulators: A New Software Paradigm in
                  Smalltalk-80",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "341-346",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "An encapsulator surrounds an instance of some
                  object; when a message is sent to that object a
                  pre-action is performed, then the object's method,
                  then a post-action. Monitors are an example. An
                  ``atomic'' encapsulator ensures totality. The
                  implementation redefines the doesNotUnderstand
                  method for encapsulators to send the messages along
                  to the encapsulated object (inefficient). 6
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Patterson02,
  author =	 {Jeremiah S. Patterson},
  title =	 {An Object-Oriented Event Calculus},
  institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University",
  year =	 2001,
  number =	 "02-08",
  address =	 "226 Atanasoff Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011",
  month =	 jul,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR02-08/TR.pdf",
  Note =	 "Available from \url{archives.cs.iastate.edu}.",
  Annote =	 "Implicit invocation and events in a calculus and a
                  core language named Eventua. 27 references."
}

@Book{Paulson91,
  Author =	 "Laurence C. Paulson",
  Title =	 "{ML} for the Working Programmer",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Book{Paulson96,
  Author =	 "Laurence C. Paulson",
  Title =	 "{ML} for the Working Programmer",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1996,
  Address =	 NY,
  Edition =	 "second",
  Annote =	 "Many references."
}

% doi = {10.1145/3443420},
@article{Pearce21,
author = {David J. Pearce},
title = {A Lightweight Formalism for Reference Lifetimes and Borrowing in {Rust}},
year = {2021},
issue_date = {April 2021},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
issn = {0164-0925},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3443420},
abstract = {Rust is a relatively new programming language that has gained significant traction
since its v1.0 release in 2015. Rust aims to be a systems language that competes with
C/C++. A claimed advantage of Rust is a strong focus on memory safety without garbage
collection. This is primarily achieved through two concepts, namely, reference lifetimes
and borrowing. Both of these are well-known ideas stemming from the literature on
region-based memory management and linearity/uniqueness. Rust brings both of these
ideas together to form a coherent programming model. Furthermore, Rust has a strong
focus on stack-allocated data and, like C/C++ but unlike Java, permits references
to local variables.Type checking in Rust can be viewed as a two-phase process: First,
a traditional type checker operates in a flow-insensitive fashion; second, a borrow
checker enforces an ownership invariant using a flow-sensitive analysis. In this article,
we present a lightweight formalism that captures these two phases using a flow-sensitive
type system that enforces “type and borrow safety.” In particular, programs that are
type and borrow safe will not attempt to dereference dangling pointers. Our calculus
core captures many aspects of Rust, including copy- and move-semantics, mutable borrowing,
reborrowing, partial moves, and lifetimes. In particular, it remains sufficiently
lightweight to be easily digested and understood and, we argue, still captures the
salient aspects of reference lifetimes and borrowing. Furthermore, extensions to the
core can easily add more complex features (e.g., control-flow, tuples, method invocation).
We provide a soundness proof to verify our key claims of the calculus. We also provide
a reference implementation in Java with which we have model checked our calculus using
over 500B input programs. We have also fuzz tested the Rust compiler using our calculus
against 2B programs and, to date, found one confirmed compiler bug and several other
possible issues.},
journal = {ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.},
month = apr,
articleno = {3},
numpages = {73},
keywords = {model checking, type theory, Rust, ownership}
}

@Book{Pearce98,
  author =	 {Pearce},
  title =	 {Programming and Meta-Programming in Scheme},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1998,
  series =	 {Undergraduate Texts in Computer Science},
  address =	 {NY},
  annote =	 {15 references.}
}

@Article(Pechtchanski-Sarkar05,
  Author      = "Igor Pechtchanski and Vivek Sarkar",
  Title       = "Immutability specification and its applications",
  Journal     = "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  Volume      = "17",
  Number      = "5--6",
  Pages       = "639--662",
  Year        = "2005",
  Month       = "April/May",
  Note        = "Special Issue: Java Grande/ISCOPE 2002",
  Publisher   = "John Wiley \& Sons",
  URL         = "http://cs.nyu.edu/~pechtcha/pubs/cpe05.pdf"
)

@InProceedings{Pedro-Pena-Nunez96,
  author =	 {Palao Gostanza Pedro and Ricardo Pe\~{n}a and Manuel
                  N\'{u}\~{n}ez},
  title =	 {A New Look at Pattern Matching in Abstract Data
                  Types},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '96)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "31(6)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {110-121},
  annote =	 {23 references.}
}

@Article{Pemberton87,
  Author =	 "Steven Pemberton",
  Title =	 "An Alternative Simple Language and Environment for
                  PCs",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "56-64",
  Annote =	 "Descriptive overview of the ABC language, which is a
                  successor of B. The language is intended for naive
                  users. It features interaction, type checking
                  without declarations, and tables. 10 references."
}

@Article{Pemberton91,
  Author =	 "Steven Pemberton",
  Title =	 "A Short Introduction to the ABC Language",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "11-16"
}

@Article{Peralta-Botella-Serras98,
  author =	 {Alonso J. Peralta and Pere Botella and Joan Serras},
  title =	 {It's Time for Full Life-Cycle Languages},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 10,
  number =	 9,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {19-28},
  annote =	 {Adding more analysis concepts directly to Eiffel. 20
                  references.}
}

@Article{Perrott-Zarea-Aliabadi86,
  Author =	 "R. H. Perrott and A. Zarea-Aliabadi",
  Title =	 "Supercomputer Languages",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "5-22",
  Annote =	 "Survey of high-level languages for
                  supercomputers. The language Actus, which
                  facilitates direct expression of parallelism and
                  allows the compiler to generate optimized code. 19
                  references and a bibliography of 39 citations."
}

@Article{Peterson99,
  author =	 {John Peterson},
  title =	 {Microsoft and {Yale} Conclude Agreement to License
                  Technology for {Haskell}},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 34,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {35-36},
  annote =	 {Spoof for April Fools Day. 6 references.}
}

@Article{Pettorossi-Proietti96,
  author =	 {Alberto Pettorossi and Maurizio Proietti},
  title =	 "Rules and Strategies for Transforming Functional and
                  Logic Programs",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "360-414",
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Book{Peyton-Jones-Lester92,
  Author =	 "S. L. {Peyton Jones} and David Lester",
  Title =	 "Implementing Functional Languages: A Tutorial",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "35 references."
}

@InProceedings{Peyton-Jones-Wadler93,
  Author =	 "Simon l. Peyton Jones and Philip Wadler",
  Title =	 "Imperative Functional Programming",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "71-84",
  Annote =	 "30 references"
}

@Article{Peyton-Jones-etal99,
  author =	 {Simon {Peyton Jones} and Alastair Reid and Tony
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  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 34,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 may,
  pages =	 {25-36},
  note =	 {Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
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                  (PLDI).},
  annote =	 {A design for incorporating exceptions into
                  Haskell. 16 references.}
}

@Book{Peyton-Jones87,
  Author =	 "S. L. {Peyton Jones}",
  Title =	 "The Implementation of Functional Programming
                  Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Includes an introduction to Miranda. Many
                  references."
}

@Article{Pfenning-Elliott88,
  Author =	 "Frank Pfenning and Conal Elliott",
  Title =	 "Higher-Order Abstract Syntax",
  Journal =	 "SIGPLAN",
  Year =	 1988,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
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  Note =	 "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '88 Conference on
                  Programming Language Design and Implementation,
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  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@inproceedings{Pfenning-Schurmann99a,
	Author = {Frank Pfenning and Carsten Sch{\"u}rmann},
	Address = NY,
	Booktitle = {Proc. of the 16th Intl. Conf. on Automated Deduction (CADE-16)},
	Editor = {H. Ganzinger},
	Location = {Trento, Italy},
	Month = jul,
	Pages = {202-206},
	Publisher = SV,
	Series = LNCS,
	Title = {System description: {Twelf}---a meta-logical framework for deductive systems},
	Volume = 1632,
	Year = 1999
}

@InProceedings{Pfenning91,
  author =	 "Frank Pfenning",
  title =	 "Logic Programming in the {LF} Logical Framework",
  booktitle =	 "Logical Frameworks",
  editor =	 "G\'{e}rard Huet and Gordon Plotkin",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  pages =	 "149--181",
  year =	 "1991",
  urldvi =	 "http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fp/papers/lfproc91.dvi.gz",
  urlps =	 "http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fp/papers/lfproc91.ps.gz",
  keywords =	 "LF, Elf",
}

@Unpublished{Pierce-etal18,
  author =	 "Benjamin C. Pierce and Arthur Azevedo de Amorim and Chris Casinghino and Marco Gaboardi and Michael Greenberg and Catalin Hritcu and Vilhelm Sjöberg and Brent Yorgey and others",
  title =	 "Software Foundations: Logical Foundations",
  note = "Obtained from \url{http://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/}",
  year =	 2018,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Unpublished{Pigozzi-Salibra92,
  Author =	 "Don Pigozzi and Antonino Salibra",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Lambda Abstraction Algebras",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1992,
  Note =	 "Obtained from authors",
  Annote =	 "15 references."
}

@Article{Pigozzi-Salibra95,
  author =	 {D. Pigozzi and A. Salibra},
  title =	 {Lambda abstraction algebras: representation
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  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 140,
  pages =	 "4-52",
}

@Article{Pigozzi-Salibra97,
  author =	 {D. Pigozzi and A. Salibra},
  title =	 {Lambda abstraction algebras: coordinating models of
                  lambda calculus},
  journal =	 {Fund. Informaticae},
  year =	 1997,
  note =	 {To appear.}
}

@InProceedings{Pilaud-Halbwachs-Plaice87,
  author =	"D. Pilaud and N. Halbwachs and J. A. Plaice",
  title =	"{LUSTRE}: {A} Declarative Language for Programming
		 Synchronous Systems",
  booktitle =	"Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM Symposium on
		 Principles of Programming Languages (14th POPL 1987)",
  pages =	"178-188",
  location =	"Munich, Germany",
  month =	jan,
  year = 	1987,
  publisher =   ACM,
  address =     NY
}

@TechReport{Pitman83,
  Title =	 "The Revised MacLisp Manual",
  Author =	 "Kent M. Pitman",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1983,
  Number =	 "TR-295",
  Month =	 may,
  Annote =	 "Reference manual for the Maclisp dialect of LISP."
}

@Book{Pitts-Dybjer97,
  editor =	 "A. M. Pitts and P. Dybjer",
  title =	 "Semantics and Logics of Computation",
  booktitle =	 "Semantics and Logics of Computation",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  address =	 "Cambridge",
  year =	 "1997",
  ISBN =	 "0-521-58057-9",
  annote =	 "Based on the summer school on Semantics and Logics
                  of Computation. Some references."
}

@Book{Plauger92,
  Author =	 "P. J. Plauger",
  Title =	 "The Standard {C} Library",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1992,
  Note =	 "ISBN 0-13-131508-9 (softcover), 0-13-838011-0
                  (hardcover)"
}

@Book{Plauger94,
  Author =	 "P. J. Plauger",
  Title =	 "The Draft Standard {C++} Library",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1994,
  Note =	 "ISBN 0-13-117003-1 (softcover)."
}

@Article{Plotkin75,
  author =	 "G. D. Plotkin",
  title =	 "Call-by-Name, Call-by-Value and the
                  {$\lambda$}-Calculus",
  journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  year =	 1975,
  volume =	 1,
  pages =	 "125--159",
}

@Article{Plotkin77,
  Author =	 "G. D. Plotkin",
  Title =	 "{LCF} Considered as a Programming Language",
  Journal =	 TCS,
  Volume =	 5,
  Pages =	 "223-255",
  Year =	 1977,
  Annote =	 "The language PCF, its structural operational
                  semantics, its denotational semantics, full
                  abstraction. 12 references."
}

@InCollection{Plotkin80,
  Author =	 "G. D. Plotkin",
  Title =	 "Dijkstra's Predicate Transformers and Smyth's
                  Powerdomains",
  BookTitle =	 "Abstract Software Specifications: 1979 Copenhagen
                  Winter School Proceedings",
  Editor =	 "D. Bjorner",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1980,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 86,
  Pages =	 "527-553",
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}


@TechReport{Plotkin81,
  Author =	 "Gordon Plotkin",
  Title =	 "A Structural Approach to Operational Semantics",
  Institution =	 "Aarhus University",
  Number =	 "DAIMI FN-19",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1981
}

@Unpublished{Plotkin83,
  Author =	 "Plotkin",
  Title =	 "Domains",
  Note =	 "1992 TeXed edition of course notes prepared by Yugo
                  Kashiwagi and Hidetaka Kondoh from notes by Tatsuya
                  Hagino.",
  Year =	 1983
}
                  
@InProceedings{Podelski-Wies05,
  author = 	 {Andreas Podelski and Thomas Wies},
  title = 	 {Boolean Heaps},
  booktitle = {Static Analysis},
  pages = 	 {268-283},
  year = 	 2005,
  volume = 	 3672,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  publisher =    SV,
  URL =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11547662_19},
  annote = 	 {16 references.}
}

@Proceedings{Podelski94,
  title =	 "Constraint Programming: Basics and Trends: 1994
                  Chatillon Spring School , Chatillon-sur-Seine,
                  France",
  year =	 1994,
  editor =	 "Andreas Podelski",
  volume =	 910,
  series =	 LNCS,
  publisher =	 SV,
  month =	 may,
  annote =	 "Includes some overview material on constraint logic
                  programming."
}

@Book{Pohl03,
  Author =	 "Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "{C}# by Dissection",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
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  Year =	 2003,
  Annote =	 "Textbook that includes CD-ROM."
}

@Book{Pohl89,
  Author =	 "Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "{C}++ for {C} Programmers",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1989
}

@Book{Pohl91,
  Author =	 "Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "{C}++ for {P}ascal Programmers",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1991
}

@Book{Pohl93,
  Author =	 "Ira Pohl",
  Title =	 "{C}++ for {C} Programmers",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin Cummings",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  Note =	 "Second Edition"
}

@inproceedings{Popovici-Alonso-Gross03,
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  Doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/643603.643614},
  Isbn =	 {1-58113-660-9},
  Local-Url =
                  {file://localhost/Users/cclifton/Documents/OthersPapersAndTalks/p100-popovici.pdf},
  Location =	 {Boston, Massachusetts},
  Pages =	 {100--109},
  Publisher =	 {ACM Press},
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  Year =	 {2003}
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  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on
                  Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP'90)",
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  pages =	 "765--780",
  publisher =	 SV,
  month =	 jul,
  year =	 "1990",
  keywords =	 "functional programming language, FP, ML, SML,
                  parallel, concurrent, Facile, ICALP, ICALP90,
                  ICALP17"
}

@Article{Prather90,
  Author =	 "Ronald E. Prather",
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  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1990,
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  Annote =	 "15 references."
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@Article{Prather98,
  author =	 {Ronald E. Prather},
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  month =	 mar,
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  annote =	 {Language with semantics given by category theory. 23
                  references.}
}

@Book{Pratt-Zelkowitz96,
  author =	 "Terrence W. Pratt and Marvin V. Zelkowitz",
  title =	 "Programming Languages: Design and Implementation",
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  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  edition =	 "Third edition",
  annote =	 "Over 100 references."
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@Book{Pratt84,
  author =	 "Terrence W. Pratt",
  title =	 "Programming Languages: Design and Implementation",
  publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  year =	 1984,
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  edition =	 "Second edition",
  annote =	 "Over 100 references."
}

@Book{Pratt90,
  Author =	 "Terrence W. Pratt",
  Title =	 "Pascal: A New Introduction to Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1990
}

@inproceedings{Praun-Gross03,
 author = {Christoph von Praun and Thomas R. Gross},
 title = {Static conflict analysis for multi-threaded object-oriented programs},
 booktitle = PLDI,
 month = jun,
 year = 2003,
 pages = {115-128},
 publisher = ACM,
 URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/781131.781145}
}

@InCollection{Prehofer97,
  author =	 {Christian Prehofer},
  title =	 {Feature-Oriented Programming: A Fresh Look at
                  Objects},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '97 --- Object-Oriented Programming 11th
                  European Conference, Jyv\"{a}skyl\"{a}, Finland},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {Mehmet Ak\c{s}it and Satoshi Matsuoka},
  volume =	 1241,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {419-443},
  annote =	 {21 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Qian94,
  Author =	 {Zhenyu Qian},
  Title =	 "Higher-Order Equational Logic Programming",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "254-267",
  Annote =	 "39 references."
}

@InProceedings{Queinnec-DeRoure96,
  author =	 {Christian Queinnec David De Roure},
  title =	 {Sharing Code through First-class Environments},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '96)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "31(6)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1996,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {251-261},
  annote =	 {19 references.}
}

@Article{Raj-etal91,
  Author =	 "R. K. Raj and E. Tempero and H. M. Levy and
                  A. P. Black and N. C. Hutchinson and E. Jul",
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  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
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}

@TechReport{Rajan-Leavens07,
  Author =	 {Hridesh Rajan and Gary T. Leavens},
  Title =	 {Quantified, Typed Events for Improved Separation of Concerns},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer Science},
  year =	 2007,
  number =	 {07-14c},
  month =	 oct,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR07-14/TR.pdf",
  Annote =	 "37 references."
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@TechReport{Rajan-Leavens07a,
  Author =	 {Hridesh Rajan and Gary T. Leavens},
  Title =	 {Ptolemy: A Language of Quantified, Typed Events},
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer Science},
  year =	 2007,
  number =	 {07-13a},
  month =	 oct,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR07-13/TR.pdf",
  Annote =	 "14 references."
}

@InProceedings{Rajan-Leavens08,
  author =	 {Hridesh Rajan and Gary T. Leavens},
  title =	 {Ptolemy: A Language with Quantified, Typed Events},
  booktitle = {ECOOP 2008 -- Object-Oriented Programming: 22nd European Conference, Paphos, Cyprus},
  pages = 	 {155-179},
  year = 	 2008,
  editor = 	 {Jan Vitek},
  volume = 	 5142,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  month = 	 jul,
  publisher =    SV,
  URL = 	 {\url{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70592-5\_8}},
  annote =       {47 references.}
}

@TechReport{Rajan-Leavens08a,
  institution =	 {Iowa State University, Department of Computer Science},
  year =	 2007,
  number =	 {07-13a},
  month =	 oct,
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR07-13/TR.pdf",
  Annote =	 "14 references."
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@inproceedings{Rajan-Sullivan03,
 author = {Hridesh Rajan and Kevin J. Sullivan},
 title = {{Eos}: instance-level aspects for integrated system design},
 booktitle = {ESEC/FSE 2003},
 month = sep,
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {1-58113-743-5},
 pages = {297-306},
 location = {Helsinki, FN}
}

@inproceedings{Rajan-Sullivan05,
 author = {Hridesh Rajan and Kevin J. Sullivan},
 title = {Aspect language features for concern coverage profiling},
 booktitle = {AOSD 2005},
 year = 2005,
 pages = {181-191},
 location = {Chicago, IL}
}

@inproceedings{Rajan-Sullivan05b,
 author = {Hridesh Rajan and Kevin J. Sullivan},
 title = {Classpects: unifying aspect- and object-oriented language design},
 booktitle = {ICSE 2005},
 pages = {59-68}
}

@InProceedings{Ramalingam-Reps93,
  Author =	 "G. Ramalingam and Thomas Reps",
  Title =	 "A Categorized Bibliography on Incremental
                  Computation",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "502-510",
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
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@Article{Ramalingam94,
  author =	 "G. Ramalingam",
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  number =	 5,
  pages =	 "1467-1471",
  month =	 sep
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@article{Ramsdell92,
  author =	 {John D. Ramsdell},
  title =	 {An Operational Semantics for Scheme},
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  month =	 apr,
  journal =	 {Lisp Pointers},
  volume =	 {V},
  number =	 2,
  publisher =	 ACM
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@Article{Ramsey94,
  author =	 "Norman Ramsey",
  title =	 "Literate programming simplified",
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  pages =	 "97-105",
  annote =	 "The noweb system. 9 references."
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@Article{Rangarajan-Eswar98,
  author =	 {K. Rangarajan and P. Eswar},
  title =	 {Understanding Class Evolution Through Atomic
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  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {48-53},
  annote =	 {9 references.}
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@Article{Rapin97,
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  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {47-54},
  annote =	 {The Newton language. 13 references.}
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@Book{Reade89,
  Author =	 "Chris Reade",
  Title =	 "Elements of Functional Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1989,
  Series =	 "International Computer Science Series",
  Address =	 "Wokingham, England"
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@InProceedings{Reddy88,
  Author =	 "Uday S. Reddy",
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  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "289-297",
  Organization = ACM
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@InProceedings{Reddy94,
  Author =	 "Uday S. Reddy",
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@Article{Reddy96,
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  Pages =	 "7-76",
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@Article{Reddy96b,
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@Article{Rees-Clinger-etal86,
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@Article{Reichel95,
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  pages =	 {129-152}
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@Book{Reiser91,
  Author =	 "Martin Reiser",
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  Address =	 NY
}

@InProceedings{Remy-Vouillon97,
  author =	 {Didier R\'{e}my and J\'{e}r\^{o}me Vouillon},
  title =	 {{Objective ML}: A Simple Object-Oriented Extension
                  of {ML}},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 97: The 24TH ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Diego, California},
  year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {40-53},
  annote =	 {26 references.}
}

@Article{Remy-Vouillon98,
  author =	 {Didier R\'{e}my and J\'{e}r\^{o}me Vouillon},
  title =	 {{Objective ML}: An Effective Object-Oriented
                  Extension of {ML}},
  journal =	 TAPOS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 4,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {27-52},
  annote =	 {35 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Remy92,
  Author =	 "Didier R\'{e}my",
  Title =	 "Projective {ML}",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "66-75",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "25 references."
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@Article{Rentsch82,
  Author =	 "Tim Rentsch",
  Title =	 "Object-oriented Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 sep,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 9,
  Pages =	 "51-57"
}

@PhdThesis{Reuhr92,
  author =	 "Karl Fritz Ruehr",
  title =	 "Analytical and Structural Polymorphism Expressed
                  Using Patterns Over Types",
  type =	 "Ph.D. thesis",
  school =	 "EECS Dept., Univ.\ of Michigan, Ann Arbour, MI",
  year =	 "1992",
}

@Book{Revesz88,
  author =	 {G. E. Revesz},
  title =	 {Lambda-Calculus Combinators and Functional
                  Programming},
  publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year =	 1988,
  volume =	 4,
  series =	 {Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science},
  address =	 {Cambridge},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@InCollection{Reynolds81,
  Author =	 "John C. Reynolds",
  Title =	 "The Essence of ALGOL",
  BookTitle =	 "Algorithmic Languages",
  Publisher =	 "IFIP, North-Holland",
  Address =	 "Amsterdam",
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "345-372",
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Bakker and J. C. van Vliet",
  Annote =	 "Principles behind ALGOL. 29 references."
}

@Book{Reynolds81a,
  author = {John C. Reynolds},
  title = {The Craft of Programming},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall International},
  year = 1981,
  address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ"
}

@TechReport{Reynolds81b,
  Author =	 "John C. Reynolds",
  Title =	 "Preliminary Design of the Programming Language
                  Forsythe",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Address =	 "Pittsburgh, Penn.",
  Year =	 1988,
  Month =	 jun,
  Number =	 "CMU-CS-88-159",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@InProceedings{Reynolds93,
  Author =	 "John C. Reynolds",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Logic Relations and Parametric
                  Polymorphism",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "155-156",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@TechReport{Reyonlds93b,
  Author =	 "Joseph Reyonlds",
  Title =	 "A literate, executable, denotational semantics of
                  simple C++ declarations",
  Institution =	 "Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Year =	 1993,
  Number =	 "TR93-15",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa, 50011",
  Month =	 may,
  Note =	 "Available by anonymous ftp from
                  \url{ftp.cs.iastate.edu} or by e-mail from
                  almanac@cs.iastate.edu."
}

@TechReport{Richards-Evans-Mabee74,
  Author =	 "Martin Richards and Evans, Jr., Arthur and Robert
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  Title =	 "The BCPL Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1974,
  Number =	 "TR-141",
  Month =	 dec,
  Annote =	 "BCPL is a low-level language without types. It is
                  used for systems programming."
}

@InProceedings{Richards69,
  Title =	 "BCPL: A Tool for Compiler Writing and System
                  Programming",
  Author =	 "Martin Richards",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference,
                  Boston, Mass.",
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  Year =	 1969,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "557-566",
  Annote =	 "An overview of BCPL. 8 references."
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@TechReport{Richardson-Carey-Schuh89,
  Author =	 "Joel E. Richardson and Michael J. Carey and Daniel
                  T. Schuh",
  Title =	 "The Design of the {E} Programming Language",
  Institution =	 "Computer Sciences Department, University of
                  Wisconsin-Madison",
  Number =	 824,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "An extension of C++ designed for writing
                  data-intensive systems. 35 references."
}

@Article{Richardson-Carey-Schuh93,
  Author =	 "Joel E. Richardson and Michael J. Carey and Daniel T. Schuh",
  Title =	 "The Design of the {E} Programming Language",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "494-534",
  Annote =	 "An extension of C++ designed for writing
                  data-intensive systems. 35 references."
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@InProceedings{Riecke-Viswanathan95,
  Author =	 {Jon G. Riecke and Ramesh Viswanathan},
  Title =	 "Isolating Side Effects in Sequential Lanugages",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '95: 22nd Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Francisco, Calif.",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "1-12",
  Annote =	 "43 references."
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@TechReport{Riecke89,
  Author =	 "Jon Gary Riecke",
  Title =	 "Should a Function Continue?",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Number =	 "TR-459",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989
}

@InCollection{Riecke90,
  Author =	 "Jon G. Riecke",
  Title =	 "A Complete and Decidable Proof System for
                  Call-by-value Equalities",
  BookTitle =	 "17th International Colloquium on Automata,
                  Languages, and Programming (ICALP), Warwick,
                  England",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "M. S. Paterson",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Pages =	 "20-31",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 jul
}

@InCollection{Riecke91,
  Author =	 "Jon G. Riecke",
  Title =	 "Full Abstract Translations between Functional
                  Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Eighteenth Annual ACM
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                  Orlando",
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@Article{Riehle98,
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@InProceedings{Rinetzky-Sagiv-Yahav05,
  author = 	 {Noam Rinetzky and Mooly Sagiv and Eran Yahav},
  title = 	 {Interprocedural Shape Analysis for Cutpoint-Free Programs},
  booktitle =    {Static Analysis},
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  year = 	 2005,
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  URL = 	 {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11547662_20},
  annote = 	 {38 references.}
}

@Article{Ritchie-etal78,
  Author =	 "D. M. Ritchie and S. C. Johnson and M. E. Lesk and
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@TechReport{Roberts89,
  Author =	 "Eric S. Roberts",
  Title =	 "Implementing Exceptions in {C}",
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  Institution =	 DECSRC,
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  Note =	 "Order from src-report@src.dec.com",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
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@Article{Robinson92,
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  Annote =	 "Logical connections to logic programming. 53
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@Book{Roetzheim92,
  Author =	 "William Roetzheim",
  Title =	 "Programming Windows with Borland C++",
  Publisher =	 "Ziff-Davis Press",
  Address =	 "Emeryville, CA",
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@Article{Roman-Cox89,
  Author =	 "Gruia-Catalin Roman and Kenneth C. Cox",
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  Annote =	 "13 references."
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@Book{Roosta03,
  author =	 {Seyed H. Roosta},
  title =	 {Foundataions of Programming Languages},
  publisher =	 {Thompson},
  year =	 2003,
  annote =	 {Concept-based textbook. Many references.}
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@Article{Rosen92,
  Author =	 "J.P. Rosen",
  Title =	 "What Orientation Should Ada Objects Take?",
  Journal =	 CACM,
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@InCollection{Rosolini91,
  Author =	 "Giuseppe Rosolini",
  Title =	 "An Exper Model for Quest",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
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  Pages =	 "436-445",
  Annote =	 "23 references."
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@InProceedings{Rosser82,
  Author =	 "J. Barkley Rosser",
  Title =	 "Highlights of the History of the Lambda-Calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the 1982 ACM Symposium On Lisp
                  and Functional Programming, Pittsburgh,
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  Month =	 aug,
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  Annote =	 "19 references."
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@article{Rosu-Serbanuta10,
  title={An Overview of the {K} Semantic Framework},
  author={Grigore Ro{\c s}u and Traian Florin {\c S}erb{\u a}nu{\c t}{\u a} },
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@InProceedings{Rouaix90,
  Author =	 "Francois Rouanx",
  Title =	 "Safe Run-Time Overloading",
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  Pages =	 "355-366"
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@Article{Rovner86,
  Author =	 "Paul Rovner",
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                  Systems",
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                  which provides exception handling, automatic storage
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@UnPublished{Ruehr,
  Author =	 "K. Fritz Ruehr",
  Title =	 "Analytical and Structural Polymorhisms",
  Note =	 " Obtained from Author.. kfr@quip.eecs.umich.edu",
  Annote =	 "21 references"
}

@TechReport{Rus90,
  Author =	 "Teodor Rus",
  Title =	 "Algebraic Construction of a Compiler",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The University of
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  Number =	 "90-01",
  Year =	 1990,
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@Book{Rydeheard-Burstall88,
  Author =	 "David E. Rydeheard and Rod M. Burstall",
  Title =	 "Computational Category Theory",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science",
  Year =	 1988
}

@Article{Rydeheard-Jones,
  Author =	 "David E. Rydeheard and Esther Dennis-Jones",
  Title =	 "Categorical ML - Category-Theoretic Modular
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  Volume =	 5,
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  Month =	 "Jul-Aug",
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@Article{Saar00,
  author = 	 {Ruben Saar},
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  journal = 	 JOOP,
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  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {12-16},
  month =	 {March/April},
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@unpublished{Sabbah04,
	Author = {Daniel Sabbah},
	Month = {March},
	Note = {Keynote address at AOSD 2004, available from \url{http://aosd.net/2004/archive/AOSD-FromPromiseToReality.ppt} on July 17, 2005},
	Title = {Aspects---From Promise to Reality},
	Year = {2004}
}

@InProceedings{Sabry-Felleisen92,
  Author =	 "Amr Sabry and Matthias Felleisen",
  Title =	 "Reasoning About Programs in Continuation-Passing
                  Style",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "288-298",
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  Month =	 jun,
  Note =	 "Also TR-92-180, Department of Computer Science, Rice
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@article{Sabry-Felleisen93,
author={Amr Sabry and Matthias Felleisen},
title={Reasoning About Programs in Continuation Passing Style},
journal={Lisp and Symbolic Computation},
volume=6,
number={3/4},
pages={289-360},
year=1993,
annote = "Discusses A-normal form."
}

@InProceedings{Sabry-Wadler96,
  author =	 {Amr Sabry and Philip Wadler},
  title =	 {A Reflection on Call-by-Value},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '96)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
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  Month =	 jun,
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  annote =	 {18 references.}
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@Article{Sabry98,
  author =	 {Amr Sabry},
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  month =	 jan,
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  annote =	 {28 references.}
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@Article{Sagiv-Reps-Wilhelm02,
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  month =	 may,
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@InCollection{Sakkinen88,
  Author =	 "Markku Sakkinen",
  Title =	 "On the darker side of {C}++",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '88, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Oslo, Norway",
  Editor =	 "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  Publisher =	 SV,
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@Article{Salus98,
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  annote =	 {Historical note on network programming languages.}
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@Article{Sammet91,
  Author =	 "Jean E. Sammet",
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@Article{Samples-Ungar-Hilfinger86,
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@InCollection{Sanders91,
  Author =	 "Beverly Sanders",
  Title =	 "On the UNITY Design Decisions",
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                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
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  Annote =	 "19 references"
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@InProceedings{Sands97,
  author =	 {David Sands},
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  annote =	 {41 references.}
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@Manual{Sanella83,
  Author =	 "M. Sanella",
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  Publisher =	 "Xerox Corp.",
  Address =	 "Palo Alto, Calif.",
  Year =	 1983
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@Book{Sangal91,
  Author =	 "Rajeev Sangal",
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@Proceedings{Saraswat-vanHentenryck95,
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  address =	 "Cambridge, MA",
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@InCollection{Sargeant93,
  Author =	 "John Sargeant",
  Title =	 "Uniting Functional and Object-Oriented Programming",
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@Book{Schaefer73,
  Author =	 "M. Schaefer",
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@TechReport{Schaffert-Cooper-Wilpolt85,
  Author =	 "Craig Schaffert and Topher Cooper and Carrie
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@TechReport{Scheifler78,
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@TechReport{Scheifler83,
  Author =	 "Bob Scheifler",
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  Annote =	 "Equate modules for Argus contain equates, can be
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@Unpublished{Schinz05,
  author =	"Michel Schinz",
  title =	"A {Scala} Tutorial for {Java} Programmers",
  note = 	 {\url{http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaTutorial.pdf}},
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 2005,
  annote =       "Version 1.0.",
  URL = 	 {http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaTutorial.pdf}
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@Book{Schmidt86,
  Author =	 "David A. Schmidt",
  Title =	 "Denotational Semantics: A Methodology for Language
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  Publisher =	 "Allyn and Bacon, Inc.",
  Address =	 "Boston, Mass.",
  Year =	 1986
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@Book{Schmidt94,
  Author =	 "David A. Schmidt",
  Title =	 "The Structure of Typed Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  Year =	 1994,
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  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
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@phdthesis{Schoeberl05,
  author    = {Martin Schoeberl},
  title = {JOP: A Java Optimized Processor for Embedded Real-Time Systems},
  year = {2005},
  school = {Vienna University of Technology},
  url = {http://www.jopdesign.com/thesis/thesis.pdf},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Schoeberl06,
  author = {Martin Schoeberl},
  title = {A Time Predictable {J}ava Processor},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference
	(DATE 2006)},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {800-805},
  address = {Munich, Germany},
  month = {March},
  url = {http://www.jopdesign.com/doc/jop_wcet.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{Schoeberl-Pedersen06,
 author = {Martin Schoeberl and Rasmus Pedersen},
 title = {{WCET} analysis for a Java processor},
 booktitle = {JTRES '06: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Java technologies for real-time and embedded systems},
 year = {2006},
 isbn = {1-59593-544-4},
 pages = {202--211},
 location = {Paris, France},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1167999.1168033},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }

@Article{Schoenfinkel24,
  Author =	 {Moses Sch\"{o}nfinkel},
  Title =	 {\"{U}ber die Bausteine der mathematischen Logik},
  Journal =	 "Math. Annalen",
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  Note =	 "An English translation appears in {\it From Frege to
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@Article{Schwartz74,
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  Pages =	 "?",
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@TechReport{Schwartz75a,
  Title =	 "On programming: an Interim Report on the Setl
                  Project. Installment I: Generalities. Installment
                  II: The Setl Language and its Implementation.",
  Author =	 "Schwartz, J. T.",
  Institution =	 "New York University",
  Year =	 1975,
  Number =	 "?"
}

@Article{Schwartz75b,
  Author =	 "J. T. Schwartz",
  Title =	 "Automatic Data Structure Choice in a Language of
                  Very High Level",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1975,
  Month =	 dec,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 12,
  Pages =	 "722-728"
}

@Article{Sciore89,
  Author =	 "Edward Sciore",
  Title =	 "Object Specialization",
  Journal =	 TOOIS,
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "103-122",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@InProceedings{Scott-Finkel84,
  Author =	 "Michael L. Scott and Raphael A. Finkel",
  Title =	 "LYNX: A Dynamic Distributed Programming Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings 1984 International Conference on
                  Parallel Processing",
  Pages =	 "395-401",
  Year =	 1984,
  Organization = "?",
  Annote =	 "A programming language for operating system server
                  applications. Makes some nice decisions. 18
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Scott-Strachey71,
  Author =	 "D. S. Scott and C. Strachey",
  Title =	 "Toward a mathematical semantics for computer
                  languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Symposium on Computers and Automata",
  Series =	 "Microwave Institute Symposia Series",
  Volume =	 21,
  Pages =	 "19-46",
  Year =	 1971,
  Publisher = "Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn",
  Address =      NY
}

@Book{Scott00,
  author =	 {Michael L. Scott},
  title =	 {Programming Language Pragmatics},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 {San Francisco},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@InCollection{Scott80,
  Author =	 "Dana S. Scott",
  Title =	 "Relating Theories of the $\lambda$-calculus",
  BookTitle =	 "To H. B. Curry: Essays on Combinatory Logic, Lambda
                  Calculus and Formalism",
  Editor =	 "J. P. Seldin and J. R. Hindley",
  Publisher =	 "Academic Press, Inc.",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "403-450",
  Annote =	 "Development of lambda calculus from cartesian closed
                  categories. 14 references."
}

@TechReport{Scott81,
  Author =	 "Dana Scott",
  Title =	 "Lectures on a Mathematical Theory of Computation",
  Institution =	 "Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Programming
                  Research Group",
  Number =	 "PRG-19",
  Type =	 "Technical Monograph",
  Year =	 1981,
  Note =	 "Appears in Theoretical foundations of programming
                  methodology : lecture notes of an international
                  summer school, directed by F.L. Bauer,
                  E.W. Dijkstra, and C.A.R. Hoare (Ridel, 1982)",
  Annote =	 "Lectures with exercises on denotational semantics."
}

@Book{Sebesta00,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "A Little Book on Perl",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Upper Saddle River, NJ",
  Year =	 2000
}

@Book{Sebesta03,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif.",
  Year =	 2003,
  Edition =	 "Sixth",
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Many references."
}

@Book{Sebesta12,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif.",
  Year =	 2012,
  Edition =	 "Tenth",
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Many references."
}

@Book{Sebesta89,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages."
}

@Book{Sebesta93,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif.",
  Year =	 1993,
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Many references."
}

@Book{Sebesta96,
  Author =	 "Robert W. Sebesta",
  Title =	 "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings",
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif.",
  Year =	 1996,
  Edition =	 "Third",
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Many references."
}

@Book{Sengupta-Korobkin94,
  Author =	 "Saumyendra Sengupta and Carl Phillip Korobkin",
  Title =	 "C++ Object-Oriented Data Structures",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "42 references."
}

@inproceedings{Sereni-Moor03,
  title =	 {Static Analysis of Aspects},
  author =	 {Damien Sereni and Oege de Moor},
  crossref =	 {aosd03},
  pages =	 {30-39}
}

@InCollection{Serrano99,
  author =	 {Manuel Serrano},
  title =	 {Wide Classes},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '99 --- Object-Oriented Programming 13th
                  European Conference, Lisbon Portugal},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1999,
  editor =	 {Rachid Guerraoui},
  volume =	 1628,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {391-415},
  annote =	 {13 references.}
}

@Book{Sestoft-Hansen04,
  author =	 {Peter Sestoft and Henrik I. Hansen},
  title = 	 {C\# Precisely},
  publisher = 	 MITP,
  year = 	 2004,
  annote =	 {Covers C\# 2.0. 10 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Sethi80,
  Author =	 "Ravi Sethi",
  Title =	 "A case study in specifying the semantics of a
                  programming language",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Seventh Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  Las Vegas, Nevada",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "117-130",
  Annote =	 "Denotational semantics of C. 30 references."
}

@Article{Sethi83,
  Author =	 "Ravi Sethi",
  Title =	 "Control Flow Aspects of Semantics-Directed
                  Compiling",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "554-595",
  Annote =	 "Semantics directed compiler generator, with a
                  demonstration of the semantics of C. 48 references."
}

@Book{Sethi89,
  Author =	 "Ravi Sethi",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages: Concepts and Constructs",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Hundreds of references."
}

@Book{Sethi96,
  Author =	 "Ravi Sethi",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages: Concepts and Constructs",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1996,
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Annote =	 "Textbook for undergraduate course in programming
                  languages. Hundreds of references."
}

@Manual{Shalit92,
  Title =	 "{Dylan}: An Object-Oriented Dymanic Language",
  Author =	 "Andrew Shalit",
  Organization = "Apple Computer",
  Address =	 "20525 Mariani Ave., Cupertino, CA 95014-6299",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "0 References."
}

@Book{Shalit97,
  Title =	 "The {Dylan} Reference Manual: The Definitive Guide
                  to the New Object-Oriented Dynamic Language",
  Author =	 "Andrew Shalit",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1997
}

@Article{Shapiro-Warren93,
  Author =	 "Ehud Shapiro and David H.D. Warren",
  Title =	 "The Fifth Generation Project: Personal Perspectives",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 mar,
  Volume =	 36,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "46-48",
  Annote =	 "Introduction"
}

@Article{Shapiro89,
  Author =	 "Ehud Shapiro",
  Title =	 "The Family of Concurrent Logic Programming
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "413-510",
  Annote =	 "Systematic survey. Many references."
}

@Book{Shapiro92,
  Author =	 "Stuart C. Shapiro",
  Title =	 "Common LISP: An Interactive Approach",
  Publisher =	 "Computer Science Press",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "1 reference."
}

@InProceedings{Sharp01,
  author    = {David C. Sharp},
  title     = {Real-Time Distributed Object Computing: Ready for
          Mission-Critical Embedded System Applications},
  booktitle = "Proceeding of the 3rd International Symposium on
          Distributed Objects and Applications, DOA 2001, 17-20
          September 2001, Rome, Italy",
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  address   = "Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA",
  year      = {2001},
  pages     = {3--4},
  ee        = {http://computer.org/proceedings/doa/1300/13000003.pdf},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@Article{Shaw-Wulf80,
  Title =	 "Toward Relaxing Assumptions in Languages and Their
                  Implementations",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Author =	 "Mary Shaw and William A. Wulf",
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 3,
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "45-61",
  Annote =	 "Argues that the language designer should not preempt
                  decisions by making lower levels unavailable to
                  users, but should rather provide convenient defaults
                  and the ability for the defaults to be changed. 20
                  references."
}

@Book{Shaw81a,
  Author =	 "Mary Shaw",
  Title =	 "ALPHARD: Form and Content",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1981,
  Annote =	 "Reprints of articles and some new material on
                  Alphard."
}

@inproceedings{Sheard04,
  author = "T. Sheard",
  title = "Languages of the Future",
  booktitle = {OOPSLA '04: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN conference 
                    on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and
                    applications},
  editor = "D. Schmidt",
  year = 2004,
  publisher = ACM,
  address = NY,
  month =  oct,
  series = SIGPLAN,
  volume = "39(11)",
  location = {Vancouver, BC},
}

@Article{Sheard91,
  Author =	 "Tim Sheard",
  Title =	 "Automatic Generation and Use of Abstract Structure
                  Operators",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "531-557",
  Annote =	 "Generalizations of things like mapcar for arbitrary
                  data structures defined by parameterized recursions,
                  as in Standard ML datatypes. 8 references."
}

@Book{Shriver-Wegner87,
  Editor =	 "Bruce Shriver and Peter Wegner",
  Title =	 "Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Several papers, earlier versions of which appeared
                  in the Object-Oriented Programming Workshop (see
                  SIGPLAN Notices, Oct. 1986)."
}

@InCollection{Shultis85,
  Author =	 "Jon Shultis",
  Title =	 "What is a Model? A Consumer's Perspective on
                  Semantic Theory",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  International Conference, Manhattan, Kansas",
  Editor =	 "Austin Melton",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1985,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 239,
  Pages =	 "296-307",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@InCollection{Sieber92,
  Author =	 "Kurt Sieber",
  Title =	 "Reasoning about sequential functions via logical
                  relations",
  BookTitle =	 "Proc. {LMS} Symposium on Applications of Categories
                  in Computer Science, Durham 1991",
  Year =	 "1992",
  Editor =	 "M. P. Fourman and P. T. Johnstone and A. M. Pitts",
  Pages =	 "258--269",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Series =	 "{LMS} Lecture Note Series 177"
}

@InProceedings{Sieber93a,
  Author =	 "Kurt Sieber",
  Title =	 "New Steps Towards Full Abstraction for Local
                  Variables",
  BookTitle =	 {Proc. ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on State in Programming
                  Languages},
  Address =	 "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  Pages =	 "88-100",
  Year =	 1993,
  Note =	 "Published as Yale University, Dept. of
                  Comp. Sci. Technical Report YALEU/DCS/RR-968"
}

@InProceedings{Sieber93b,
  Author =	 {K. Sieber},
  Title =	 {Call-by-value and non-determinism},
  BookTitle =	 {International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and
                  Applications},
  Year =	 {1993},
  Editor =	 {M. Bezem and J. F. Groote},
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 {664},
  Pages =	 {376-390},
  Address =	 {Utrecht, The Netherlands},
  Month =	 mar,
  Note =	 {TLCA'93},
  Annote =	 {8 references}
}

@InProceedings{Siebert00,
  author =	 "Fridtjof Siebert",
  title =	 "Eliminating External Fragmentation in a Non-Moving
                  Garbage Collector for {J}ava",
  booktitle =	 "Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded
                  Systems (CASES2000)",
  address =	 "San Jose",
  month =	 nov,
  year =	 "2000",
  URL =		 "http://www.aicas.com/papers/cases2000_fsiebert.pdf",
}

@TechReport{Simonyi95,
  author =	 "Charles Simonyi",
  title =	 "The Death of Programming Languages, the Birth of
                  Intentional Programming",
  year =	 "1995",
  month =	 sep,
  institution =	 "Microsoft, Inc.",
  Note =	 "Available from
                  \url{http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/simonyi95death.html}"
}

@Article{Sinclair-Moon91,
  Author =	 "Kenneth H. Sinclair and David A. Moon",
  Title =	 "Philosophy of Lisp",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 34,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "40-46",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@TechReport{Skillicorn88,
  Author =	 "D. B. Skillicorn",
  Title =	 "Techniques for Compiling and Executing Dataflow
                  Graphs",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computing and Information Science,
                  Queen's University at Kingston",
  Address =	 "Kingston, Ontario, Canada",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Number =	 "88-224",
  Annote =	 "18 references"
}

@Article{Slagle74,
  author =	 "James R. Slagle",
  title =	 "Automated Theorem-Proving for Theories with
                  Simplifiers, Commutativity, and Associativity",
  journal =	 "Journal of the ACM",
  volume =	 21,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "622--642",
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 1974,
  ISSN =	 "0004-5411",
  annote =	 "Narrowing."
}

@Book{Slonneger-Kurtz95,
  author =	 "Kenneth Slonneger and Barry L. Kurtz",
  title =	 "Formal Syntax and Semantics of Programming
                  Languages",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 NY,
  annote =	 "Over 50 references."
}

@TechReport{Slonneger89,
  Author =	 "Ken Slonneger",
  Title =	 "Denotational Semantics in Prolog",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The University of
                  Iowa",
  Address =	 "Iowa City, Iowa",
  Number =	 "89-02",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}

@Article{Smith-Samadzadeh91,
  Author =	 "Lisa M. C. Smith and Mansur H. Samadzadeh",
  Title =	 "An Annotated Bibliography of Literate Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1991,
  Pages =	 "14-20",
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@InCollection{Smith-Ungar95,
  Author =	 "Randall B. Smith and David Ungar",
  Title =	 "Programming as an Experience: The Inspiration for
                  Self",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "Walter Olthoff",
  Number =	 952,
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '95 - Object-Oriented Programming 9th European
                  Conference, Aarhus, Denmark",
  Pages =	 "303-330",
  Year =	 1995,
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@InCollection{Smith91,
  Author =	 "Scott F. Smith",
  Title =	 "From Operational to Denotational Semantics",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 598,
  Pages =	 "54-76",
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@Article{Smyth78,
  Author =	 "M. B. Smyth",
  Title =	 "Power Domains",
  Journal =	 JCSS,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "23-36",
  Annote =	 "2 references."
}


@TechReport{Snyder90s,
  Author =	 "W. Kirk Snyder",
  Title =	 "The {SETL2} Programming Language",
  Institution =	 "New York University, Courant Institute of
                  Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Division",
  Address =	 "251 Mercer St., New York, NY",
  Number =	 "490",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "5 references."
}

@Book{Snyder99,
  author =	 {Snyder},
  title =	 {A Programmer's Guide to {ZPL}},
  publisher =	 MITP,
  year =	 1999,
  annote =	 {Some references at the end of chapters.}
}

@InProceedings{Sobel-Friedman99,
  author =	 {Jonathan Sobel and Daniel P. Friedman},
  title =	 {Recycling Continuations},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {251-260},
  annote =	 {18 references.}
}

@Book{Sokolowski91,
  Author =	 "S. Sokolowski",
  Title =	 "Applicative High Order Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Chapman \& Hall Computing",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "Chapman and Hall Computing Series",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Excellent introduction to Standard ML for graduate
                  students. 26 references."
}

@Article{Sondergaard-Sestoft90,
  author = 	 {Harald Sondergaard and Peter Sestoft},
  title = 	 {Referential Transparency, Definiteness and Unfoldability},
  journal = 	 {Acta Informatica},
  year = 	 1990,
  volume = 	 27,
  number = 	 6,
  pages = 	 {505-517},
  month = 	 may,
  annote = 	 {19 references.}
}

@Article{Spector83,
  Author =	 "David Spector",
  Title =	 "Language Features to Support Reusability",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "59-61",
  Annote =	 "Requirements for a language designed for reusable
                  programs. Says language needs effective control of
                  name space."
}

@inproceedings{Spinczyk-etal02,
  author =	 {Olaf Spinczyk and Andreas Gal and Wolfgang
                  Schr\"oder-Preikschat},
  title =	 {{AspectC++}: an aspect-oriented extension to the
                  {C++} programming language},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the Fortieth International Conference
                  on Tools Pacific},
  year =	 {2002},
  isbn =	 {0-909925-88-7},
  pages =	 {53--60},
  location =	 {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher =	 {Australian Computer Society, Inc.},
  keywords =	 {C++, aspect-oriented programming},
  abstract =	 {Small embedded systems are forced to operate under
                  extreme resource constraints. At the same time these
                  systems are very complex and many concerns in the
                  implementation of such systems are of highly
                  crosscutting nature. The concept of aspect
                  orientation can be applied to allow a modular
                  implementation of these concerns. With AspectJ the
                  first complete and powerful language extension for
                  aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been
                  created. However, the costs of the Java run-time
                  environment are not feasible for most embedded
                  applications.This paper presents AspectC++ (Gal &
                  Spinczyk 2001), a new language extension to C/C++
                  that provides powerful language elements to
                  facilitate aspect-oriented programming even in
                  domains with tight resource limitations. }
}

@Article{Spivey90,
  Author =	 "Mike Spivey",
  Title =	 "A Functional Theory of Exceptions",
  Journal =	 SCP,
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "25-42",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Article{Spooner86,
  Author =	 "C. R. Spooner",
  Title =	 "The ML Approach to the Readable All-Purpose
                  Language",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "215-243",
  Annote =	 "This is NOT about the ML of LCF fame, but a
                  different language. The emphasis is on syntactic
                  innovation. 20 references."
}

@Book{Springer-Friedman89,
  Author =	 "George Springer and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Scheme and the Art of Programming",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw-Hill",
  Year =	 1989,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Introductory text on programming using
                  Scheme. Discusses object-oriented programming and
                  continuations. 21 references."
}

@Book{Springer-Friedman90,
  Author =	 "George Springer and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Scheme and the Art of Programming: Answer Book",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw-Hill",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 NY
}

@InProceedings{Srivastava-Oxley-Srivastava85,
  author =	 {Amitabh Srivastava and Don Oxley and Aditya
                  Srivastava},
  title =	 {An (Other) Integration of Logic and Functional
                  Programming},
  year =	 1985,
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the Symposium on Logic Programming},
  organization = IEEE,
  pages =	 {254-260}
}

@Article{Staerk98,
  author =	 {Robert St\"{a}rk},
  title =	 {Why the constant `undefined'? Logics of partial
                  terms for strict and non-strict functional
                  programming languages},
  journal =	 {Journal of Functional Programming},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 8,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {97-129},
  annote =	 {30 references.}
}

@Book{Stallman-Moon-Weinreb84,
  Author =	 "Richard Stallman and David Moon and Daniel Weinreb",
  Title =	 "Lisp Machine Manual (sixth edition)",
  Publisher =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1984,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "The ZetaLisp language which includes Flavors is
                  described. Flavors is a message based, object
                  oriented style of programming, with a multiple
                  inheritance mechanism. This edition includes common
                  Lisp compatibility."
}

@InProceedings{Standish75,
  Author =	 "T. A. Standish",
  Title =	 "Extensibility in Programming Language Design",
  Booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the 1975 National Computer
                  Conference",
  Organization = AFIPS,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "?"
}

@Book{Stanisfer92,
  Author =	 "Ryan Stanisfer",
  Title =	 "{ML} Primer",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@Book{Stanisfer95,
  Author =	 "Ryan Stanisfer",
  Title =	 "The Study of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1995,
  Annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Article{Stankovic-Ramamritham91,
  Author =	 "John Stankovic and Krithi Ramamritham",
  Title =	 "A New Paradigm for Hard-Deadline Real-Time Systems",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "62-72",
  Annote =	 "7 references."
}

@ARTICLE{Stankovic88,
title={Misconceptions about real-time computing: a serious problem for next-generation systems},
author={Stankovic, J.A.},
journal={Computer},
year={1988},
month={Oct},
volume={21},
number={10},
pages={10-19},
keywords={artificial intelligence, distributed databases, fault tolerant computing, high level languages, operating systems (computers), real-time systems, scheduling, systems analysis artificial intelligence, design methodology, distributed databases, fault tolerance, next-generation systems, operating systems, programming languages, real-time computing, scheduling theory, specification, systems analysis, verification},
doi={10.1109/2.7053},
ISSN={0018-9162}, }

@Book{Stark89,
  Author =	 "W. Richard Stark",
  Title =	 "LISP,Lore, and Logic",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "80 references."
}

@Book{Staugaard94,
  Author =	 "Andrew C. Staugaard",
  Title =	 "Structuring Techniques: An introduction using C++",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ"
}

@TechReport{Steele-Sussman76,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.} and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "LAMBDA the Ultimate Imperative",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1976,
  Month =	 mar,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 353,
  Annote =	 "Models of common programming constructs. Partly
                  tutorial. 35 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele-Sussman78a,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.} and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "Revised Report on SCHEME A Dialect of LISP",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1978,
  Month =	 jan,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 452,
  Annote =	 "Lexically scoped dialect of LISP. 13 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele-Sussman78b,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.} and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "The Art of the Interpreter or, The Modularity
                  Complex (Parts Zero, One, and Two)",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1978,
  Month =	 may,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 453,
  Annote =	 "Several metacircular interpreters for different
                  variants of LISP. Discussion of how the language
                  design decisions affect the programming styles
                  available to the user of the language. 24
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Steele-Sussman79a,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.} and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "Design of LISP-based Processors or, SCHEME: a
                  Dielectric LISP or, Finite Memories Considered
                  Harmful, or LAMBDA: The Ultimate Opcode",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1979,
  Month =	 mar,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 514,
  Annote =	 "Design of LISP machines. 32 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele-Sussman79b,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.} and Gerald Jay Sussman",
  Title =	 "The Dream of a Lifetime: A Lazy Scoping Mechanism",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1979,
  Month =	 nov,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 527,
  Annote =	 "Racks, which are combinations of registers and
                  stacks. 15 references."
}

@InProceedings{Steele06,
  author = 	 {Guy L. Steele Jr.},
  title = 	 {A Growable Language},
  booktitle =    {OOPSLA 2006: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference
                    on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and
                    Applications},
  year = 2006,
  publisher = ACM,
  address = NY,
  month = oct,
  series = SIGPLAN,
  location = {Portland, OR},
  pages = "505"
}

@TechReport{Steele76a,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Arithmetic Shifting Considered Harmful",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1976,
  Month =	 sep,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 378,
  Annote =	 "Shifting is not the same as division. 25
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Steele76b,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Lambda the Ultimate Declarative",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1976,
  Month =	 nov,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 379,
  Annote =	 "Lambda used for renaming. Compiler optimizations. 44
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Steele77,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Debunking the ``Expensive Procedure Call'' Myth or,
                  Procedure Call Implementations Considered Harmful
                  or, Lambda: the Ultimate Goto",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1977,
  Month =	 oct,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 443,
  Annote =	 "Any flowchart can be written as a structured program
                  without introducing extra variables. 38 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele78,
  Author =	 "Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "RABBIT: A Compiler for SCHEME (A Study in Compiler
                  Optimization)",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1978,
  Month =	 may,
  Number =	 "AI-TR-474",
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele80a,
  Author =	 "Guy L. {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Destructive Reordering of CDR-Coded Lists",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 aug,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 587,
  Annote =	 "Chuncky lists. 9 references."
}

@TechReport{Steele80b,
  Author =	 "G. L. {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "The Definition and Implementation of a Computer
                  Programming Language Based on Constraints ",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Number =	 "TR-595",
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 aug
}

@Book{Steele84,
  Author =	 "Guy L. {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Common LISP: The Language",
  Publisher =	 "Digital Press",
  Address =	 "Burlington, Mass.",
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Reference manual, including some notes on dialects
                  and implementations."
}

@Book{Steele90,
  Author =	 "Guy L. {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Common LISP: The Language",
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Publisher =	 "Digital Press",
  Address =	 "Bedford, Mass.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Reference manual, including some notes on dialects
                  and implementations. This edition contains a
                  description of the Common LISP Object System (CLOS),
                  section 28, packages, section 11, and the condition
                  system. 57 references."
}

@InProceedings{Steele94,
  author =	 "Guy L. {Steele, Jr.}",
  title =	 "Building Interpreters by Composing Monads",
  pages =	 "472--492",
  booktitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21st ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Portland, Oregon",
  organization = ACM,
  year =	 1994,
  month =	 jan,
  annote =	 "19 references."
}

@TechReport{Steelman78,
  Author =	 "{High Order Language Working Group, Department of
                  Defense}",
  Title =	 "Department of Defense Requirements for High Order
                  Computer Programming Languages: Steelman",
  Institution =	 "U. S. Department of Defense",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1978
}

@Article{Stefik-Bobrow-Kahn86,
  Author =	 "Mark J. Stefik and Daniel G. Bobrow and Kenneth
                  M. Kahn",
  Title =	 "Integrating Access-Oriented Programming into a
                  Multiparadigm Environment",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "10-18",
  Annote =	 "Description of the Loops knowledge programming
                  system, which is built on Interlisp-D. Loops
                  features access-oriented programming, that is, where
                  fetching or storing data can cause procedures to be
                  invoked. 11 references."
}

@InCollection{Stein-Lieberman-Ungar89,
  Author =	 "Lynn Andrea Stein and Henry Lieberman and David
                  Ungar",
  Title =	 "A Shared View of Sharing: The Treaty of {Orlando}",
  Editor =	 "Won Kim and Frederick H. Lochovsky",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and
                  Applications",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Chapter =	 3,
  Pages =	 "31-48",
  Annote =	 "15 references"
}

@Book{Sterling-Shapiro86,
  Author =	 "Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro",
  Title =	 "The Art of Prolog",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1986,
  Annote =	 "Explaination of logic programming, Prolog, and
                  related programming techniques. 128 references."
}

@Book{Sterling-Shapiro94,
  Author =	 "Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro",
  Title =	 "The Art of Prolog",
  Edition =	 "Second",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1994,
  Annote =	 "Explaination of logic programming, Prolog, and
                  related programming techniques. Many references."
}

@Misc{Stewart98,
  author = 	 {Katherine E. Stewart},
  title = 	 {Using the {XL} Compiler Options to Improve Application Performance},
  howpublished = {http://www.rs6000.ibm.com/resource/technology/ options.html},
  year = {1998}
}

@InCollection{Steyaert-etal93,
  Author =	 "P. Steyaert and W. Codenie and T. D'Hondt and
                  K. D. Hondt and C. Lucas and M. V. Limberghen",
  Title =	 "Nested Mixin-Methods in {Agora}",
  Journal =	 LNCS,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "Oscar M. Nierstrasz",
  Number =	 707,
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '93 - Object-Oriented Programming 7th European
                  Conference",
  Year = 1993,
  Pages =	 "197-219",
  Annote =	 "15 references"
}

@Book{Stoltenberg-Hansen-Lindstrom-Griffor94,
  author =	 {Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen and Ingrid Lindstr\"{o}m
                  and Edward R. Griffor},
  title =	 "Mathematical Theory of Domains",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year =	 1994,
  volume =	 22,
  series =	 "Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science",
  address =	 NY,
  annote =	 "Many references."
}

@Book{Stoy77,
  Author =	 "J. Stoy",
  Title =	 "Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach
                  to Programming Language Theory",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1977,
  Annote =	 "Argues for types as first class values. 70
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Strachey66,
  Author =	 "C. Strachey",
  Title =	 "Towards a Formal Semantics",
  Booktitle =	 "IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Formal Language
                  Description Languages for Computer Programming",
  Publisher =	 "North-Holland",
  Address =	 "Amsterdam",
  Year =	 1966,
  Pages =	 "198-220"
}

@InProceedings{Strachey67,
  Author =	 "C. Strachey",
  Title =	 "Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages",
  Booktitle =	 "Notes",
  Organization = "International Summer School in Computer Programming",
  Year =	 1967
}

@Misc{Stratego06,
  title = 	 {Stratego Documentation},
  howpublished = {\url{http://tinyurl.com/nr2c5}},
  year =         2006,
  month =        mar
}

@Book{Strom-etal91,
  Author =	 "Robert E. Strom and David F. Bacon and Arthur
                  Goldberg and Andy Lowry and Daniel Yellin and Shaula
                  Alexander Yemini",
  Title =	 "Hermes: A Language for Distributed Computing",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 jan,
  Note =	 "ISBN 0-13-389537-8"
}

@Book{Stroustrup14,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "A Tour of C++",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Upper Saddle River, NJ",
  Year =	 2014,
  Annote =       "46 references."
}

@Book{Stroustrup86a,
  Author =	 "B. Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "The C++ Programming Language",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Note =	 "Corrected reprinting, 1987",
  Year =	 1986
}

@Article{Stroustrup86b,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "An Overview of C++",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "7-18",
  Note =	 "Object-Oriented Programming Workshop, June, 1986",
  Annote =	 "Object-oriented version of C. Single inheritance. 4
                  references."
}

@Article{Stroustrup89,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "The Evolution of C++: 1985 to 1989",
  Journal =	 "Computing Systems",
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 "Summer",
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "191-250",
  Annote =	 "Type-safe linkage, multiple inheritance. 13
                  references."
}

@Book{Stroustrup91,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "The {C}++ Programming Language: Second Edition",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1991
}

@InCollection{Stroustrup93,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  BookTitle =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Pages =	 "13-52",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@InCollection{Stroustrup93a,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "Possible Directions for C++",
  BookTitle =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Pages =	 "53-73",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Book{Stroustrup97,
  Author =	 "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  Title =	 "The {C}++ Programming Language: Third Edition",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1997
}

@TechReport{Sturgis88,
  Author =	 "Howard E. Sturgis",
  Title =	 "Maintaining the Illusion of a Functional Language in
                  the Presence of Side Effects",
  Institution =	 "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
  Number =	 "CSL-88-2",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@Article{Sussman-Steele80,
  Author =	 "G. Sussman and G. Steele",
  Title =	 "Constraints: a Language for Expressing
                  Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions",
  Journal =	 "Artificial Intelligence",
  Year =	 1980,
  Volume =	 14,
  Pages =	 "1-39"
}

@TechReport{Sussman-Winograd-Charniak71,
  Author =	 "Gerald Jay Sussman and Terry Winograd and Eugene
                  Charniak",
  Title =	 "Micro-PLANNER Reference Manual",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Type =	 "AI Memo",
  Number =	 "203A",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1971
}

@article{Sutton-Heimbinger-Osterweil95,
 author = {Stanley M. Sutton, Jr. and Dennis Heimbigner and Leon J. Osterweil},
 title = {APPL/A: a language for software process programming},
 journal = TOSEM,
 volume = {4},
 number = {3},
 year = {1995},
 issn = {1049-331X},
 pages = {221--286},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/214013.214017},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@inproceedings{Suvee-Vanderperren-Jonckers03,
  Author =	 {Davy Suv\'{e}e and Wim Vanderperren and Viviane
                  Jonckers},
  Booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on
                  Aspect-oriented software development},
  Doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/643603.643606},
  Isbn =	 {1-58113-660-9},
  Local-Url =
                  {file://localhost/Users/cclifton/Documents/OthersPapersAndTalks/p21-suvee.pdf},
  Location =	 {Boston, Massachusetts},
  Pages =	 {21--29},
  Publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  Title =	 {JAsCo: an aspect-oriented approach tailored for
                  component based software development},
  Year =	 {2003}
}

@Manual{Symbolics84,
  Author =	 "{Symbolics, Inc.}",
  Title =	 "Lisp Machine Manual",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1984,
  Note =	 "Eight volumes.",
  Annote =	 "Volume 3 defines ZetaLisp and Flavors. More kinds of
                  method combination and woppers which are functional
                  wrappers."
}

@Book{Szymanski91,
  Author =	 "Boleslaw K. Szymanski",
  Title =	 "Parallel Functional Languages and Compilers",
  Publisher =	 "ACM Press",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "Frontier Series",
  Address =	 NY
}

@InCollection{Szyperski92,
  Author =	 "Clemens A. Szyperski",
  Title =	 "Import Is not Inheritance Why We Need both: Modules
                  and Classes",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "19-32",
  Annote =	 "32 references"
}

@Article{Taft92,
  Author =	 "S. Tucker Taft",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X: A Technical Summary",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 35,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "77-82",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}
 
@Article{Taft93,
  Author =	 "S. Tucker Taft",
  Title =	 "Ada 9X: From Abstraction-Oriented to
                  Object-Oriented",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 28,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1993,
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '93 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Pages =	 "127-136",
  Annote =	 "9 references."
}


@Article{Taivalsaari96,
  author =	 {Antero Taivalsaari},
  title =	 {On the Notion of Inheritance},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {438-479},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@Article{Taivalssari97,
  author =	 {Antero Taivalssari},
  title =	 {Classes versus Prototypes: Some Philosophical and
                  Historical Observations},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 10,
  number =	 7,
  month =	 nov,
  pages =	 {44-49},
  annote =	 {The programming language Kevo. 23 references.}
}

@Article{Takeuchi-Okuno-Ohsato86,
  Author =	 "Ikuo Takeuchi and Hiroshi Okuno and Nobuyasu Ohsato",
  Title =	 "A List Processing Language TAO with Multiple
                  Programming Paradigms",
  Journal =	 "New Generation Computing",
  Volume =	 4,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "401-444",
  Annote =	 "Blend of logic programming, object-oriented
                  programming, and traditional Lisp. All primitive
                  data types are objects and accessed via message
                  passing. Unification and normal function calls can
                  nest. Concurrency. 19 references."
}

@InCollection{Talcott88,
  Author =	 "C. Talcott",
  Title =	 "Rum: An intensional theory of function and control
                  abstractions",
  BookTitle =	 "Foundations of Logic and Functional Programming,
                  Workshop Proceedings, Trento, Italy, (Dec. 1986)",
  Editor =	 "M. Boscarol and L. Carlucci Aiello and G. Levi",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 306,
  Year =	 1988,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Pages =	 "3-44",
  Annote =	 "Useful for transformational programming. 47
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Talcott91,
  Author =	 "Carolyn Talcott",
  Title =	 "Towards a Theory of Binding Structures: Extended
                  Abstract",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Second International Conference
                  on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology",
  Year =	 1991,
  Pages =	 "135-138",
  Organization = "The University of Iowa, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Address =	 "Iowa City, Iowa",
  Month =	 may,
  Annote =	 "7 references."
}

@Article{Tanenbaum76,
  Author =	 "Andrew S. Tanenbaum",
  Title =	 "A Tutorial on Algol 68",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1976
}

@Article{Tang91,
  Author =	 "L. S. Tang",
  Title =	 "C++'s Destructors can be Destructive",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "44-52",
  Annote =	 "6 references."
}

@InCollection{Tarlecki92,
  Author =	 "Andrzej Tarlecki",
  Title =	 "Modules for a Model-Oriented Specification Language:
                  A Proposal for {\sf MetaSoft}",
  BookTitle =	 "ESOP '92, 4th European Symposium on Programming,
                  Rennes, France, February 1992, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Bernd Krieg-Bruckner",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 582,
  Pages =	 "451-472",
  Annote =	 "41 references"
}

@inproceedings{Tarr-etal99,
  author =	 "Peri L. Tarr and Harold Ossher and William
                  H. Harrison and Stanley M. {Sutton Jr.}",
  title =	 "{\em N} Degrees of Separation: Multi-Dimensional
                  Separation of Concerns",
  booktitle =	 "ICSE '99: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering",
  publisher = ACM,
  address = NY,
  pages =	 "107-119",
  year =	 "1999",
  url =		 "citeseer.nj.nec.com/tarr99degrees.html"
}

@TechReport{Tarver89,
  Author =	 "Mark Tarver",
  Title =	 "DIALOG: A Theorem-proving Environment designed to
                  unify Functional and Logic Programming",
  Institution =	 "Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science,
                  Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Edinburgh",
  Address =	 "Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ",
  Number =	 "ECS-LFCS-89-80 (also CSR-298-89)",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "46 references."
}

@Article{Taylor92,
  Author =	 "Hamish Taylor",
  Title =	 "A Lingua Franca for Concurrent Logic Programming",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "225-236",
  Annote =	 "Language combining features of GHC and Parlog. 21
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Taylor99,
  author =	 {Colin J. Taylor},
  title =	 {A Theory of Core Fudgets},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {75-85},
  annote =	 {31 references.}
}

@Book{Teale93,
  author =	 "Steve Teale",
  title =	 "{C++ IOStreams} Handbook",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  year =	 1993,
  address =	 "Reading, Mass."
}

@Article{Tennent76,
  Author =	 "R. D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "The Denotational Semantics of Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 19,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "437-453",
  Year =	 1976
}

@Article{Tennent77b,
  Author =	 "R. D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Language Design Methods Based on Semantic
                  Principles",
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Volume =	 8,
  Pages =	 "97-112",
  Year =	 1977
}

@Book{Tennent91,
  Author =	 "R. D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Year =	 1991
}

@InCollection{Tennent94,
  Author =	 "R. D. Tennent",
  Title =	 "Correctness of data representations in {Algol}-like
                  languages",
  Chapter =	 "23",
  Pages =	 "405--417",
  BookTitle =	 "A Classical Mind, Essays in Honour of
                  {C. A. R. Hoare}",
  Editor =	 "A. W. Roscoe",
  Year =	 "1994",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall International"
}

@Book{TexasInstruments88,
  Author =	 "Texas Instruments",
  Title =	 "PC Scheme: Student Edition",
  Publisher =	 "The Scientific Press",
  Year =	 1988,
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif."
}

@InProceedings{Thatte86,
  Author =	 "Satish R. Thatte",
  Title =	 "Towards a Semantic Theory for Equational Programming
                  Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "332-342",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@TechReport{Theriault83,
  Author =	 "Daniel Gary Theriault",
  Title =	 "Issues in the Design and Implementation of Act2",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Number =	 728,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Discussion and definition of the actor-based
                  language Act2. Run-time type checking based on
                  pattern matching. Declarations and types and
                  matchings unified. Concurrency, extensible
                  syntax. 36 references."
}

@Book{Thomas-Hunt01,
  author =	 "David Thomas and Andrew Hunt",
  title =	 "Programming {Ruby}: The Pragmatic Programmer's
                  Guide",
  publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  address =	 "Reading, MA, USA",
  year =	 2001,
  ISBN =	 "0-201-71089-7",
  annote =	 "8 references.",
}

@TechReport{Thompson92,
  author =	 "Simon Thompson",
  title =	 "Formulating Haskell",
  institution =	 "Computing Laboratory, University of Kent",
  type =	 "Technical Report No.",
  number =	 "29-92",
  address =	 "Canterbury, UK",
  year =	 "1992",
  url =
                  "ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/pub/misc/ukc.reports/comp.sci/reports/29-92.ps.Z",
  month =	 nov,
  keywords =	 "functional",
  abstract =	 "The functional programming language Haskell is
                  examined from the point of view of proving programs
                  correct. Particular features explored include the
                  data type definition facilities, classes, the
                  behaviour of patterns and guards and the monad
                  approach to IO in the Glasgow Haskell compiler.",
}

@Book{Thompson96,
  author =	 {Simon Thompson},
  title =	 {Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley},
  year =	 1996,
  address =	 {Harlow, England},
  annote =	 {Textbook on Haskell and functional programming. Many
                  references.}
}

@Book{Thompson11,
  author =	 {Simon Thompson},
  title =	 {Haskell: the craft of functional programming},
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley},
  edition =      {third},
  year =	 2011,
  address =	 {Harlow, England},
  annote =	 {Textbook on Haskell and functional programming. Many
                  references.}
}
                 

@Article{Thorn97,
  author =	 {Tommy Thorn},
  title =	 {Programming Languages for Mobile Code},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 29,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {213-239},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@InProceedings{Tip-Sweeney97,
  author =	 {Frank Tip and Peter F. Sweeney},
  title =	 {Class Hierarchy Specialization},
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Proceedings of OOPSLA '97, Atlanta",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {271-285},
  annote =	 {25 references.}
}

@article{Tip95,
    author = "F. Tip",
    title = "A survey of program slicing techniques",
    journal = "Journal of Programming Languages",
    volume = 3,
    pages = "121-189",
    year = 1995
}

@Article{Tokoro-Ishikawa86,
  Author =	 "Mario Tokoro and Yutaka Ishikawa",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Programming in Orient84/K: An
                  Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation Language",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "39-48",
  Note =	 "Object-Oriented Programming Workshop, June, 1986",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@inproceedings{Torgersen04,
	Author = {Torgersen, Mads},
	Title = {The Expression Problem Revisited: Four new solutions 
	           using generics},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP 2004---Object-Oriented Programming, 18th
                  European Conference, Oslo, Norway,
                  Proceedings},
	Editor = {Martin Odersky},
  series =	 LNCS,
  volume = 3086,
  publisher =	 SV,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 {July},
  year =	 2004,
	Pages = {123-143},
}

@Article{Touati87,
  Author =	 "Herve Touati",
  Title =	 "Is Ada an Object Oriented Programming Language?",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "No references."
}

@Article{Touretzky-Lee89,
  Author =	 "David S. Touretzky and Peter Lee",
  Title =	 "Visualizing Evaluation in Applicative Languages",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 35,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "49-59",
  Annote =	 "7 references."
}

@Book{Touretzky84,
  Author =	 "David S. Touretzky",
  Title =	 "LISP : a gentle introduction to symbolic
                  computation",
  Publisher =	 "Harper & Row",
  Year =	 1984,
  Address =	 NY
}

@Book{Touretzky86,
  Author =	 "David S. Touretzky",
  Title =	 "The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems",
  Year =	 1986,
  Publisher =	 "Morgan Kaufman Publishers, Inc.",
  Address =	 "Los Altos, Calif.",
  Note =	 "Revision of the author's doctoral thesis at
                  Carnegie-Mellon University, 1984",
  Annote =	 "Inheritance of properties with exceptions in
                  languages like NETL. 50 references."
}

@Book{Touretzky90,
  Author =	 "David S. Touretzky",
  Title =	 "Common LISP : a gentle introduction to symbolic
                  computation",
  Publisher =	 "Benjamin/Cummings Pub.",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Redwood City, Calif."
}

@book{Troelsen03,
	Address = {Berkeley, CA},
	Author = {Andrew Troelsen},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Publisher = {Apress},
	Title = {C\# and the .NET platform},
	Year = {2003}}

@Article{Trott97,
  author =	 {Peter Trott},
  title =	 {Programming Languages: Past, Present, and Future:
                  Sixteen Prominent Computer Scientists Assess Our
                  Field},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {14-57},
  annote =	 {Answers to several question by Aho, Allen, Dennis,
                  Ferrante, Goldberg, Kennedy, Liskov, MacQueen,
                  Sammet, Sethi, Smith, Steele, Stroustrup, Tanenbaum,
                  Wegman, and Wulf.}
}

@InCollection{Tsichritzis-Nierstrasz89,
  Author =	 "D. C. Tsichritzis and O. M. Nierstrasz",
  Title =	 "Directions in Object-Oriented Research",
  Editor =	 "Won Kim and Frederick H. Lochovsky",
  BookTitle =	 "Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and
                  Applications",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1989,
  Chapter =	 20,
  Pages =	 "523-536",
  Annote =	 "17 references"
}

@inproceedings{Tucker-Krishnamurthi03,
  title =	 {Pointcuts and Advice in Higher-Order Languages},
  author =	 {David B. Tucker and Shriram Krishnamurthi},
  crossref =	 {aosd03},
  pages =	 {158-167}
}

@Book{Tucker-Noonan07,
  author =	 {Allen B. Tucker and Robert E. Noonan},
  title = 	 {Programming Languages: Principles and Paradigms},
  publisher = 	 {McGraw-Hill},
  year = 	 2007,
  address =	 {Boston},
  edition =	 {Second},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@InProceedings{Tung92,
  Author =	 "Sho-Huan Simon Tung",
  Title =	 "Interactive Modular Programming in Scheme",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM Conference on LISP and Functional Programming",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "86-95",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@Article{Turini84,
  Author =	 "Franco Turini",
  Title =	 "Magma2: A Language Oriented toward Experiments In
                  Control",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "468-486",
  Annote =	 "Language and denotational semantic framework for
                  user-defined control abstractions. 24 references."
}

@InCollection{Turner85,
  Author =	 "David A. Turner",
  Title =	 "Miranda: A non-strict functional language with
                  polymorphic types",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings IFIP International Conference on
                  Functional Programming Languages and Computer
                  Architectures, Nancy, France",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Editor =	 "J. Jouannaud",
  Year =	 1985,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 201,
  Pages =	 "1-16",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 sep,
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Article{Turner86,
  Author =	 "David Turner",
  Title =	 "An Overview of Miranda",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1986,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 12,
  Pages =	 "158-166",
  Annote =	 "A functional language with lazy evaluation, higher
                  order functions, polymorphic strong typing and
                  abstract types. 3 references."
}

@Book{Turner90,
  Editor =	 "David A. Turner",
  Title =	 "Research Topics in Functional Programming",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "University of Texas at Austin Year of Programming
                  Series",
  Address =	 NY
}

@InCollection{Turner90b,
  Author =	 "David A. Turner",
  Title =	 "An Overview of Miranda",
  Editor =	 "David A. Turner",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Topics in Functional Programming",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "University of Texas at Austin Year of Programming
                  Series",
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "1-16",
  Annote =	 "3 references."
}

@Article{Tyma98,
  author =	 {Paul Tyma},
  title =	 {Why are we using {Java} Again?},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {38-42},
  annote =	 {5 references.}
}

@Book{Ullman94,
  Author =	 "Jeffry D. Ullman",
  Title =	 "Elements of {ML} Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1994,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Article{Ungar-Smith87,
  Author =	 "David Ungar and Randall B. Smith",
  Title =	 "Self: The Power of Simplicity",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "227-241",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '87 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), October 1987, Orlando, Florida.",
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@Article{Ungar-etal91,
  Author =	 {David Ungar and Craig Chambers and Bay-Wei Chang and
                  Urs H\"{o}lzle},
  Title =	 "Organizing Programs without Classes",
  Journal =	 "Lisp and Symbolic Computation",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 3
}

@Article{Ungar-etal92,
  Author =	 {David Ungar and Randall B. Smith and Craig Chambers
                  and Urs H\"{o}lzle},
  Title =	 "Object, Message, and Performance: How They Coexist
                  in Self",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "53-64",
  Annote =	 "6 references"
}

@InCollection{Unstalu92,
  Author =	 "Tarmo Unstalu",
  Title =	 "Combining Object-Oriented and Logic Paradigms: A
                  Modal Logic Programming Approach",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "98-113",
  Annote =	 "38 references"
}

@InCollection{Uselton93,
  Author =	 "A. C. Uselton",
  Title =	 "Structured Operational semantics for concurrency and
                  hierarchy",
  Journal =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 665,
  Editor =	 "P. Enjalbert and A. Finkel and K. W. Wagner",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1993,
  BookTitle =	 "STACS 93, 10th Annual Symposium on the Theoretical
                  Aspects of Computer Science",
  Page =	 "418-427",
  Annote =	 "9 references"
}

@inproceedings{ValleeRai-etal00a,
	Author = {Raja Vall{\'e}e-Rai and Etienne Gagnon and Laurie J. Hendren and Patrick Lam and Patrice Pominville and Vijay Sundaresan},
	Title = {Optimizing {Java} Bytecode Using the {Soot} Framework: Is It Feasible?},
	Address = {London},
	Booktitle = {Compiler Construction, 9th International Conference (CC 2000)},
	Pages = {18-34},
	Publisher = SV,
	Year = {2000}
}

@inproceedings{Van-Wyk-etal02,
  author    = "Van Wyk, E. and de Moor, O. and Backhouse, K. and 
               Kwiatkowski, P.",
  title     = "Forwarding in Attribute Grammars for Modular Language Design",
  booktitle = "Proc. 11th International Conf. on Compiler Construction",
  series    = LNCS,
  volume    = 2304,
  publisher = SV,
  year      = 2002
}

@inproceedings{Van-Wyk00,
	Author = {Eric Van Wyk},
	Title = {Domain Specific Meta Languages},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing},
	Volume = {2},
	Address = {Como, Italy},	
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Year = {2000},
	Pages = {799--803},
	Annote = {23 References}
}

@Article{Van-Wyk03a,
  author   = "Eric Van Wyk",
  title    = "Specification Languages in Algebraic Compilers",
  journal  = "Theoretical Computer Science",
  volume   = 231,
  number   = 3,
  pages    = "351--385",
  year     = 2003,
  month    = "January",
}

@inproceedings{Van-Wyk03b,
  author    = "Eric Van Wyk",
  title     = "Aspects as Modular Language Extensions",
  booktitle = "Proc. of Language Descriptions, Tools and Applications (LDTA)",
  publisher = "Elsevier Science",
  series    = "Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science",
  volume    = "82.3",
  year      = 2003
}

@Article{Verschaeren-Cuyt-Verdonk97,
  author =	 {Dennis Verschaeren and Annie Cuyt and Brigette
                  Verdonk},
  title =	 {On the need for predictable floating-point
                  arithmetic in the programming languages {Fortran 90}
                  and {C} / {C++}},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {57-64},
  annote =	 {16 references.}
}

@PhdThesis{Visser97,
  author =	 {Eelco Visser},
  title =	 {Syntax Definition for Language Prototyping},
  school =	 {University of Amsterdam},
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 {Amsterdam},
  month =	 sep,
  annote =	 {Parsing and disambiguation of context-free
                  languages, extensions of first-order many-sorted
                  algebraic specifications to include polymorphism and
                  higher-order functions, and two-level grammars for
                  polymorphic syntax definition. Many references.}
}

@InProceedings{Vitek-Horspool-Krall97,
  author =	 {Jan Vitek and R. Nigel Horspool and Andreas Krall},
  title =	 {Efficient Type Inclusion Tests},
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Proceedings of OOPSLA '97, Atlanta",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {142-157},
  annote =	 {Packed encoding works best at runtime. 18
                  references.}
}

@InProceedings{Volanschi-etal97,
  author =	 {Eugen N. Volanschi and Charles Consel and Gilles
                  Muller and Crispin Cowan},
  title =	 {Declarative Specialization of Object-Oriented
                  Programs},
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Proceedings of OOPSLA '97, Atlanta",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "32(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1997,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {286-300},
  annote =	 {39 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Waddell-Dybvig99,
  author =	 {Oscar Waddell and R. Kent Dybvig},
  title =	 {Extending the Scope of Syntactic Abstraction},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 99: The 26th ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Antonio, Texas},
  year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {203-213},
  annote =	 {Modules and macros. 18 references.}
}

@inproceedings{Wadler03,
 author = {Philip Wadler},
 title = {Call-by-value is dual to call-by-name},
 booktitle = {ICFP '03: Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming},
 year = 2003,
 pages = {189-201},
 location = {Uppsala, Sweden},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/944705.944723},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
 }

@article{Wadler03a,
 author = {Philip Wadler},
 title = {The Girard--Reynolds isomorphism},
 journal = {Information and Computation},
 volume = 186,
 number = 2,
 year = 2003,
 pages = {260-284},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-5401(03)00141-X},
 publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.}
}

@InProceedings{Wadler92,
  Author =	 "Philip Wadler",
  Title =	 "The Essence of Functional Programming",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Nineteenth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "1-14",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "Programming with Monads. 31 references."
}

@InCollection{Wadler93,
  Author =	 "Philip Wadler",
  Title =	 "A Syntax for Linear Logic",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics
                  9th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "S. Brookes and M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove
                  and D. Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 802,
  Pages =	 "513-529",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 apr,
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@InProceedings{Wadler95,
  author = 	 {Philip Wadler},
  title = 	 {Monads for functional programming},
  booktitle = {Advanced Functional Programming, Proceedings of the Baastad Spring School},
  year = 	 1995,
  editor = 	 {J. Jeuring and E. Meijer},
  volume = 	 925,
  series = 	 LNCS,
  month = 	 may,
  address = 	 NY,
  publisher = SV
}

@Article{Wadler96,
  author =	 {Philip Wadler},
  title =	 "Lazy Versus Strict",
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "318-320",
  month =	 jun,
  year =	 1996,
  annote =	 "8 references."
}

@Article{Wadler97,
  author =	 {Philip Wadler},
  title =	 {How to declare an Imperative},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 29,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {240-263},
  annote =	 {Treats monads, streams, continuations, side effects,
                  and linear logic. 66 references.}
}

@Article{Wadler98,
  author =	 {Philip Wadler},
  title =	 {An angry half-dozen},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {25-30},
  annote =	 {Six case studies of functional programming in real
                  life. 17 references.}
}

@Unpublished{Wadler98a,
  author = 	 {Philip Wadler},
  title = 	 {The Expression Problem},
  note = 	 {Email to the Java Genericity mailing list},
  month =	 dec,
  year =	 1998,
  annote =	 {3 references.},
  URL = {http://www.daimi.au.dk/~madst/tool/papers/expression.txt}
}

@InProceedings{Wadler99,
  author =	 {Philip Wadler},
  title =	 {The marriage of effects and monads},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '98)",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "34(1)",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  pages =	 {63-74},
  annote =	 {Shows how effect systems can be adapted to
                  monads. 33 references.}
}

@Article{Wadsworth76,
  Author =	 "Christopher P. Wadsworth",
  Title =	 "The Relation Between Computational and Denotational
                  Properties For Scott's D$_{\infty}$-Models of the
                  Lamba-Calculus",
  Journal =	 SIAMJC,
  Year =	 1976,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "488-521",
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@InCollection{Wagner88,
  Author =	 "Eric G. Wagner",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Block Structured Languages with
                  Pointers",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Language
                  Semantics 3rd Workshop, Tulane University, New
                  Orleans, Lousiana, USA, April 1987",
  Editor =	 "M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove and D. Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 298,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "57-84"
}

@Article{Waite93,
  Author =	 "W. M. Waite",
  Title =	 "An Executable Language Definition",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 28,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "21-40",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Waldo93,
  Author =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Title =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@Article{Walicki-Meldal97b,
  author =	 {Michal Walicki and Sigurd Meldal},
  title =	 {Singular and plural nondeterministic parameters},
  journal =	 SIAMJC,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 26,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 aug,
  pages =	 {991-1005}
}

@Book{Walker-Miller90,
  Author =	 "Terri C. Walker and Richard K. Miller",
  Title =	 "Expert systems handbook",
  Publisher =	 "Fairmont",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Lilburn, GA"
}

@InProceedings{Walker-Zdancewic-Ligatti03,
  author =	 {David Walker and Steve Zdancewic and Jay Ligatti},
  title =	 {A Theory of Aspects},
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN International
                  Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '03)",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 2003,
  organization = {ACM Press},
  pages =	 {127--139},
  annote =	 {17 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Wand-Kiczales-Dutchyn02,
  Author =	 {Mitchell Wand and Gregor Kiczales and Chris Dutchyn},
  Title =	 {A Semantics for Advice and Dynamic Join Points in
                  Aspect-Oriented Programming},
  Pages =	 "1-8",
  BookTitle =	 {FOAL 2002 Proceedings: Foundations of
                  Aspect-Oriented Languages Workshop at AOSD 2002},
  year =	 2002,
  Editor =	 {Gary T. Leavens and Ron Cytron},
  Organization = {Department of Computer Science, Iowa State
                  University},
  Series =	 {Technical Report},
  number =	 {02-06},
  month =	 apr,
  URL =
                  "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR02-06/TR.pdf"
}

@Article{Wand-Kiczales-Dutchyn04,
  author =	 {Mitchell Wand and Gregor Kiczales and Chris Dutchyn},
  title =	 {A Semantics for Advice and Dynamic Join Points in
                  Aspect-Oriented Programming},
  journal =	 TOPLAS,
  year =	 2004,
  volume =       26,
  number =       5,
  pages =        {890-910},
  note =	 {30 references.}
}

@inproceedings{Wand03,
  author =	 {Mitchell Wand},
  title =	 {Understanding aspects: extended abstract},
  crossref =	 {icfp03},
  pages =	 {299--300},
}

@Article{Wand77,
  Author =	 "Mitchell Wand",
  Title =	 "A Characterization of Weakest Preconditions",
  Journal =	 "Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences",
  Year =	 1977,
  Volume =	 15,
  Pages =	 "209-212",
  Annote =	 "2 references."
}

@Unpublished{Wand89c,
  author =	 {Mitchell Wand},
  title =	 {Semantic Prototyping System {(SPS)} Reference
                  Manual, Version 1.4 ({Chez Scheme})},
  note =	 {In
                  ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/code/lang/sps.tar.gz},
  year =	 1989,
  month =	 apr
}

@InCollection{Wand91,
  Author =	 "Mitchell Wand",
  Title =	 "Correctness of Procedure Representations in
                  Higher-Order Assembly Language",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  7th International Conference, PA, USA, March 1991,
                  Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Stephen Brookes and Michael Main and Austin Melton
                  and Michael Mislove and David Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 598,
  Pages =	 "294-311",
  Annote =	 "21 references."
}

@Book{Wang92,
  Author =	 "Paul S. Wang",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to ANSI C on Unix",
  Publisher =	 "Wadsworth",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Belmont, Calif.",
  Annote =	 "Learning C as a second language."
}

@Article{Wasserman-Gutz82,
  Author =	 "Anthony I. Wasserman and Steven Gutz",
  Title =	 "The Future of Programming",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "196-206",
  Annote =	 "50 references."
}

@Book{Wasserman80,
  Author =	 "Anthony I. Wasserman",
  Title =	 "TUTORIAL Programming Language Design",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, Calif.",
  Year =	 1980,
  Note =	 "Initally presented at Compsac80, The IEEE Computer
                  Society's Fourth International Computer Software \&
                  Applications Conference, October 27-31, 1980. The
                  IEEE catalog number is EHO 164-4.",
  Annote =	 "Reprints of classic papers."
}

@TechReport{Watson86,
  Author =	 "Paul Watson",
  Title =	 "The Parallel Reduction of Lambda Calculus
                  Expressions",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Manchester",
  Address =	 "Manchester M13 9PL, England",
  Number =	 "UMCS-87-2-1",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1986,
  Note =	 "The author's Ph.D. dissertation.",
  Annote =	 "Model of computation for the parallel reduction of
                  lambda calculus expressions. 56 references."
}

@Book{Watson91,
  Author =	 "Mark Watson",
  Title =	 "Common LISP Modules: Artifical Intelligence in the
                  Era of Neural Networks and Chaos Theory",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Book{Watson96,
  author =	 {Mark Watson},
  title =	 {Programming in Scheme: learn Scheme through
                  artificial intelligence programs},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1996,
  address =	 {NY}
}

@Article{Watt86,
  Author =	 "D. A. Watt",
  Title =	 "Executable Denotational Semantics",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Year =	 1986,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "13-43"
}

@InCollection{Watt88,
  Author =	 "D. A. Watt",
  Title =	 "An Action Semantics of Standard ML",
  BookTitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Language
                  Semantics 3rd Workshop, Tulane University, New
                  Orleans, Lousiana, USA, April 1987",
  Editor =	 "M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove and D. Schmidt",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 298,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "572-598"
}

@Book{Watt90,
  Author =	 "David A. Watt",
  Title =	 "Programming Language Concepts and Paradigms",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "Prentice Hall International Series in Computer
                  Science",
  Annote =	 "Undergraduate text in programming languages. A
                  hundred or so references."
}

@Book{Watt91,
  Author =	 "David A. Watt",
  Title =	 "Programming Language Syntax and Semantics",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "Prentice Hall International Series in Computer
                  Science",
  Annote =	 "Has a good discussion of action semantics. 58
                  references."
}

@Book{Webber03,
  author =	 {Adam Brooks Webber},
  title = 	 {Modern Programming Languages: A Practical Introduction},
  publisher = 	 {Franklin, Beedle \& Associates, Inc.},
  year = 	 2003,
  annote =	 {Undergraduate textbook corresponding to ACM 2001 guidelines.  References scattered in chapters.}
}

@InProceedings{Weeks-Felleisen93,
  Author =	 "Stephen Weeks and Matthais Felleisen",
  Title =	 "On the Orthogonality of Assignments and Procedures
                  in Algol",
  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, Charleston, South Carolina",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "57-70",
  Annote =	 "22 references"
}

@Article{Wegner90,
  Author =	 "Peter Wegner",
  Title =	 "Concepts and Paradigms of Object-Oriented
                  Programming",
  Journal =	 "OOPS Messenger",
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1990,
  Publisher =	 ACM,
  Pages =	 "7-87",
  Note =	 "Expansion of Oct 4 OOPSLA '89 Keynote Talk",
  Annote =	 "Discusses mega-programming. 75 references."
}

@TechReport{Wegner94,
  Author =	 "Peter Wegner",
  Title =	 "Beyond Computable functions or Escape from the
                  Turing Tarpit",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, Brown University",
  Address =	 "Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912",
  Number =	 "CS-94-01",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1994,
  Annote =	 "8 references."
}

@Unpublished{Wei92,
  Author =	 "Dong Wei",
  Title =	 "Icon: An Interpreter-Based Approach",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1992,
  Note =	 "The author's master's project at Iowa State
                  University, Department of Computer Science, Ames,
                  Iowa",
  Annote =	 "8 references."
}

@Article{Weinand-Gamma-Marty88,
  Author =	 "Andre Weinand and Erich Gamma and Rudolf Marty",
  Title =	 "ET++ --- an Object-Oriented Application Framework in
                  C++",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1988,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "46-57",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '88 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1988, San Diego, California.",
  Annote =	 "19 references"
}

@Manual{Weinreb-Moon81,
  Author =	 "D. Weinreb and D. Moon",
  Title =	 "Lisp Machine Manual",
  Institution =	 MITAI,
  Year =	 1981
}

@Article{Weiser84,
  author = 	 {Mark Weiser},
  title = 	 {Program Slicing},
  journal = 	 IEEETSE,
  year = 	 1984,
  volume =	 {SE-10},
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 {352-357},
  month =	 jul
}

@Article{Weiss-Ros98,
  author =	 {Gary M. Weiss and Johannes P. Ros},
  title =	 {Implementing Design Patterns with Object-Oriented
                  Rules},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 11,
  number =	 7,
  month =	 nov,
  pages =	 {25-27,35},
  annote =	 {The R++ language. 7 references.}
}

@Proceedings{Wexelblat78,
  Editor =	 "Richard L. Wexelblat",
  Title =	 "Preprints --- History of Programming Languages
                  Conference, Los Angeles, California",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1978,
  Note =	 "{\em ACM SIGPLAN Notices}, Volume 13, Number 8,
                  August 1978"
}

@Proceedings{Wexelblat93,
  Editor =	 "Richard L. Wexelblat",
  Title =	 "ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages
                  Conference (HOPL II), Preprints, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1993,
  Note =	 "{\em ACM SIGPLAN Notices}, Volume 28, Number 3"
}

@Book{Wiener-Pinson88a,
  Author =	 "Richard C. Wiener and Lewis J. Pinson",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and
                  {C++}",
  Publisher =	 "Addison Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988
}

@Book{Wiener-Pinson88b,
  Author =	 "Richard C. Wiener and Lewis J. Pinson",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and
                  {Smalltalk}",
  Publisher =	 "Addison Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988
}

@Book{Wiener-Wiatrowski98,
  author =	 {Richard S. Wiener and Claude Wiatrowski},
  title =	 {Visual Object-Oriented Programming using Delphi},
  publisher =	 {SIGS Publications, Inc.},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {NY}
}

@Book{Wiener95,
  author =	 "Richard C. Wiener",
  title =	 "Software Development using {Eiffel}: There can be
                  Life after {C++}",
  publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ"
}

@Book{Wikstrom87,
  Author =	 {\AA{}ke Wikstr\"{o}m},
  Title =	 "Functional Programming using {Standard ML}",
  Year =	 1987,
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science"
}

@Article{Wile90,
  Author =	 "David S. Wile",
  Title =	 "Adding Relational Abstraction to Programming
                  Languages",
  Journal =	 SIGSOFT,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "128-139",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT: International
                  Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Development,
                  Mark Moriconi (editor).",
  Annote =	 "19 references."
}

@Book{Wilensky84,
  Author =	 "Robert Wilensky",
  Title =	 "{LISPcraft}",
  Publisher =	 "W. W. Norton and Co., Inc.",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1984
}

@Article{Wilkes86,
  Author =	 "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  Title =	 "EMPIRIC: A Sketch of a Programming Language Designed
                  to Facilitate a Fine Grain of Protection",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "16-27",
  Annote =	 "Distinguishes read, write, and execute
                  access. Access checked at compile-time. 4
                  references."
}

@Article{Wilkes98,
  author =	 {Maurice V. Wilkes},
  title =	 {A Revisionist Account of Early Language Development},
  journal =	 {Computer},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {22-26},
  annote =	 {Fortran's practicality vs. Algol's elegance. No
                  references.}
}

@Unpublished{Wiltamuth-Hejlsberg02,
  Author =	 "Scott Wiltamuth and Anders Hejlsberg",
  Title =	 "{C\#} Language Specification",
  Institute =	 "Microsoft, Inc.",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 2002,
  Note =	 "From
                  \url{http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/csspec/html/CSharpSpecStart.asp}
                  (Date retrieved: April 2, 2003)"
}

@Book{Winder93,
  Author =	 "Russel Winder",
  Title =	 "Developing C++ Software",
  Publisher =	 "John Wiley and Sons Ltd.",
  Year =	 1993,
  Edition =	 2,
  Address =	 "Chichester, England",
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Article{Winner84,
  Author =	 "Robert I. Winner",
  Title =	 "Unassigned Objects",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "449-467",
  Annote =	 "Clearly presented discussion of what the design
                  choices are for dealing with unassigned variables
                  and objects in a programming language. 12
                  references."
}

@Article{Winograd79,
  Author =	 "Terry Winograd",
  Title =	 "Beyond Programming Languages",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 22,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "391-401",
  Annote =	 "58 references."
}

@Book{Winskel93,
  Author =	 "Glynn Winskel",
  Title =	 "The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1993,
  Series =	 "Foundations of Computer Science Series",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "108 references."
}

@Book{Winston98,
  author =	 {Patrick Henry Winston},
  title =	 {On To Smalltalk},
  publisher =	 {Addison Wesley},
  year =	 1998,
}

@InProceedings{Wirfs-Brock-Wilkerson88,
  Author =	 "Allen Wirfs-Brock and Brian Wilkerson",
  Title =	 "An Overview of Modular Smalltalk",
  BookTitle =	 "OOPSLA '88 Conference Proceedings",
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "23(11)",
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "123-134"
}

@Article{Wirth-Hoare66,
  Author =	 "N. Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare",
  Title =	 "A Contribution to the development of ALGOL",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1966,
  Pages =	 "413-432",
  Annote =	 "Describes Algol W."
}

@Article{Wirth68,
  author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =	 "{PL360}, {A} Programming Language for the 360
                  Computers",
  journal =	 "Journal of the ACM",
  volume =	 "15",
  number =	 "1",
  pages =	 "37--74",
  month =	 jan,
  year =	 "1968",
  note =	 "See also \cite{Wirth68b}."
}

@Article{Wirth68b,
  author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =	 "Corrigendum: ``{PL360}, {A} Programming Language for
                  the 360 Computers''",
  journal =	 "Journal of the ACM",
  volume =	 "15",
  number =	 "4",
  pages =	 "489--489",
  month =	 oct,
  year =	 "1968",
  note =	 "See \cite{Wirth68}."
}

@Article{Wirth71a,
  Author =	 "N. Wirth",
  Title =	 "The Programming Language Pascal",
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "35-63",
  Year =	 1971
}

@InProceedings{Wirth74,
  Author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "On the Design of Programming Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Information Processing 74",
  Publisher =	 North-Holland,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1974,
  Pages =	 "386-393",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Article{Wirth75,
  Author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "An Assessment of the Programming Language Pascal",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1975,
  Pages =	 "192-198",
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Article{Wirth77a,
  Author =	 "N. Wirth",
  Title =	 "Modula: a Language for Modular Multiprogramming. The
                  Use of Modula. Design and Implementation of Modula",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Year =	 1977,
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "3-84",
  Note =	 "Three separate articles in this issue.",
  Annote =	 "Introduces the concept of a module which simply
                  controls visibility of identifiers. 11, 7 and 10
                  references."
}

@Article{Wirth77c,
  Author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "Toward a Discipline of Real-Time Programming",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1977,
  Volume =	 20,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "577-583",
  Annote =	 "6 references."
}

@Book{Wirth85a,
  Author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "Programming in Modula-2 (3rd corrected edition)",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1985,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Refinements and simplifications to the module
                  concept. Simple abstract types without
                  parameterization. Systems programming features."
}

@Article{Wirth85b,
  Author =	 "Niklaus Wirth",
  Title =	 "From Programming Language Design to Computer
                  Construction",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 28,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Annote =	 "Turing Award lecture. Discussion of his past
                  projects and the lessons he learned from
                  them. Claims Pascal was not only for teaching but
                  intended as a practical tool."
}

@Article{Wirth88a,
  Author =	 "N. Wirth",
  Title =	 "From Modula to Oberon",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "661-670",
  Annote =	 "Rationale for the design of Oberon. Features record
                  extension, procedures as components of records, and
                  type inclusion. Eliminates many features of
                  Modula-2. 7 references."
}

@Article{Wirth88b,
  Author =	 "N. Wirth",
  Title =	 "The Programming Language Oberon",
  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "671-690",
  Annote =	 "Defining report for Oberon."
}

@Article{Wirth98,
  author =	 {Niklaus Wirth},
  title =	 {Hardware Compilation: Translating Programs into
                  Circuits},
  journal =	 {Computer},
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 31,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {25-31},
  annote =	 {4 references.}
}

@TechReport{Wolczko88,
  Author =	 "Mario I. Wolczko",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Object-Oriented Languages",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, University of
                  Manchester",
  Address =	 "Manchester M13 9PL, England",
  Number =	 "UMCS-88-6-1",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Framework for describing object-oriented languages
                  using the denotational style of VDM. 68 references."
}

@Book{Wolfram88,
  Author =	 "Stephen Wolfram",
  Title =	 "Mathematica: a System for doing Mathematics by
                  Computer",
  Publisher =	 Addison-Wesley,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988
}

@Article{Wolfram94,
  author =	 {D. A. Wolfram},
  title =	 {A semantics for $\lambda$Prolog},
  journal =	 TCS,
  year =	 1994,
  volume =	 136,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 dec,
  pages =	 {277-289},
  annote =	 {24 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Wortman-Curdy80,
  Author =	 "D. B. Wortman and J. R. Curdy",
  Title =	 "Early Experience with {Euclid}",
  Booktitle =	 "Fifth International Conference on Software
                  Engineering",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Year =	 1980
}

@Article{Wos98,
  author =	 {Larry Wos},
  title =	 {Programs that Offer Fast, Flawless, Logical
                  Reasoning},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 41,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {87-95},
  annote =	 {The OTTER language and others. 12 references.}
}

@Article{Wulf-Shaw73,
  Author =	 "W. Wulf and M. Shaw",
  Title =	 "Global Variable Considered Harmful",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1973,
  Month =	 feb,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "28-34",
  Annote =	 "Argues that Algol block structure is inadequate for
                  hierarchical modularization."
}

@TechReport{Yalcinalp-etal89,
  Author =	 "L. U. Yalcinalp and L. S. Sterling and A. Lakhotia
                  and A. Bansal",
  Title =	 "The COMPOSER's Guide to Meta-Programming",
  Institution =	 "Computer Engineering and Science, Case Institute of
                  Technology, Case Western Reserve University",
  Address =	 "Cleveland, Ohio",
  Number =	 "CES-89-24",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "36 references."
}

@Article{Yelland89,
  Author =	 "P. M. Yelland",
  Title =	 "First Steps Towards Fully Abstract Semantics for
                  Object-Oriented Languages",
  Journal =	 "The Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "290-296"
}

@PhDThesis{Yelland91a,
  Author =	 "P. M. Yelland",
  Title =	 "Models of Modularity: A study of Object Oriented
                  Programming",
  School =	 "Trinity Colege",
  Year =	 1991,
  Month =	 mar,
  Annote =	 "100 references."
}

@InCollection{Yelland91b,
  Author =	 "P. M. Yelland",
  Title =	 "Producing Abstract Models for Object-Oriented
                  Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages, REX
                  School/Workshop, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands,
                  May/June 1990",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Bakker and W. P. de Roever and
                  G. Rozenberg",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 489,
  Pages =	 "426-442",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Abstract denotational model for object-oriented
                  languages. 13 references."
}

@InProceedings{Yelland99,
  author =	 {Phillip M. Yelland},
  title =	 {A Compositional Account of the {Java} Virtual
                  Machine},
  booktitle =	 {Conference Record of POPL 99: The 26th ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Antonio, Texas},
  year =	 1999,
  organization = ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {57-69},
  annote =	 {A core micro-JVM with a Haskell encoding. 24
                  references.}
} 

@Article{Yellin-Strom91,
  Author =	 "Daniel M. Yellin and Robert E. Strom",
  Title =	 "INC: A Language for Incremental Computations",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 "13",
  Number =	 "2",
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "211-236",
  Annote =	 "35 references"
}

@Article{Yokote-Tokoro86a,
  Author =	 "Yasuhiko Yokote and Mario Tokoro",
  Title =	 "The Design and Implementation of Concurrent
                  Smalltalk",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "331-340",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Synchronous and asynchronous (no-wait) message
                  sending. Details of the implementation. 7
                  references."
}

@InCollection{Yokote-Tokoro86b,
  Author =	 "Yasuhiko Yokote and Mario Tokoro",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Programming in Concurrent Smalltalk",
  BookTitle =	 "Object Oriented Concurrent Computing",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1986,
  Note =	 "To appear."
}

@Book{Young92,
  Author =	 "Douglas A. Young",
  Title =	 "Object-Oriented Programming with C++ and OSF/Motif",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice-Hall",
  Year =	 1992,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@TechReport{Zachary87,
  Author =	 "Joseph Lawrence Zachary",
  Title =	 "A Framework for Incorporating Abstraction Mechanisms
                  into the Logic Programming Paradigm",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1987,
  Number =	 "TR-405",
  Annote =	 "The author's Ph. D. thesis. Making logic programming
                  suitable for writing large systems by supporting
                  abstractions. The language Denali, which is an
                  equational logic programming language, is
                  described. 52 references."
}

@InProceedings{Zenger-Odersky01,
  author =	 {Matthias Zenger and Martin Odersky},
  title =	 {Extensible algebraic datatypes with defaults},
  BookTitle = {ICFP '01: Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGPLAN international
                conference on Functional programming},
  Series =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 "36(10)",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 2001,
  publisher =	 ACM,
  address =	 NY,
  pages =	 {241--252},
  location =	 {Florence, Italy},
  doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/507635.507665},
}

@inproceedings{Zenger-Odersky05,
	Author = {Matthias Zenger and Martin Odersky},
	Title = {Independently Extensible Solutions to the Expression Problem},
	Booktitle = {The 12th International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages (FOOL 12)},
	Publisher = {ACM},
	Address = {Long Beach, California},
	URL = {http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/fool/program/10.html},
	Year = {2005}
}

@article{Zhang-Xu04,
 author = {Yingzhou Zhang and Baowen Xu},
 title = {A survey of semantic description frameworks for programming languages},
 journal = {SIGPLAN Not.},
 volume = 39,
 number = 3,
 year = 2004,
 pages = {14-30},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/981009.981013},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA}
}

@TechReport{Zucker-Hung91,
  Author =	 "Jeffery I. Zucker and Hing-Kai Hung",
  Title =	 "Program Semantics, Intensional Logic and
                  Compositionality",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science and Systems, McMaster
                  University",
  Year =	 1991,
  Number =	 "91-11",
  Address =	 "Hamilton, Ontario Canada",
  Note =	 "To appear in Proceedings of Montreal Workshop in
                  Programming Languages Theory. April 1991, (ed
                  M. Ukada & P.J. Scott",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@InCollection{deBakker-deVink91,
  Author =	 "J. W. de Bakker and E. P. de Vink",
  Title =	 "CCS for OO and LP",
  BookTitle =	 "TAPSOFT '91, Proceedings of the International Joint
                  Conference on Theory and Practice of Software
                  Development, Brighton, UK, Volume 2, Advances in
                  Distributed Computing (ADC) and Colloquium on
                  Combining Paradigms for Software Development
                  (CCPSD)",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "S. Abramsky and T. S. E. Maibaum",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 494,
  Pages =	 "1-28",
  Address =	 NY,
  Month =	 apr
}

@Book{deBakker-deVink96,
  author =	 "Jaco de Bakker and Erik de Vink",
  title =	 "Control Flow Semantics",
  publisher =	 "MIT Press",
  address =	 "Cambridge, MA",
  year =	 "1996",
  ISBN =	 "0-262-04154-5",
  annote =	 "Includes a reading list and many references."
}

@Article{deBruin-Deladerriere-Siebert03,
  title         = {A standard Java virtual machine for real-time embedded systems},
  author        = {Frank de Bruin and Frédéric Deladerrière and Fridtjof Siebert},
  year      = 2003,
  journal   = {DASIA'03, Prague},
  url       = {http://www.aero-project.org/documents.html}
}

@Book{vanDeursen-Heering-Klint96,
  editor =	 {Arie van Deursen and Jan Heering and Paul Klint},
  title =	 {Language Prototyping: An Algebraic Specification
                  Approach},
  booktitle =	 {Language Prototyping: An Algebraic Specification
                  Approach},
  publisher =	 {World Scientific},
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 5,
  series =	 {AMAST Series in Computing},
  address =	 {Singapore},
  annote =	 {The ASF+SDF formalism and meta-environment. Many
                  references.}
}

@PhdThesis{vanDeursen94,
  author =	 "Arie van Deursen",
  title =	 "Executable Language Definitions",
  school =	 "CWI",
  year =	 1994,
  address =	 "P.O. Box, 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam",
  type =	 "ILLC dissertation series",
  annote =	 "Uses ASF+SDF. About 100 references."
}

@Book{vanLeeuwen90a,
  Author =	 "Jan van Leeuwen",
  Title =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "577-631",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@Book{vanLeeuwen90b,
  Author =	 "Jan van Leeuwen",
  Title =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "577-631",
  Volume =	 "A: Algorithms and Complexity",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@Book{vanRoy-Haridi04,
  author =	 {Peter {Van Roy} and Seif Haridi},
  title = 	 {Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming},
  publisher = 	 MITP,
  year = 	 2004,
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  annote =	 {Teaches various techniques using Mozart-Oz as a
                  kernel language.  232 references.}
}

@Article{vanRoy-etal97,
  author =	 {Peter {Van Roy} and Seif Haridi and Per Brand and 
                  Gert Smolka and Michael Mehl and Ralf Scheidhauer},
  title =	 {Mobile Objects in Distributed {Oz}},
  journal =	 TOPLAS,
  year =	 1997,
  volume =	 19,
  number =	 5,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {804-851},
  annote =	 {66 references.}
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden-etal77,
  Title =	 "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68",
  Author =	 "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and
                  J. E. L. Peck and C. H. Koster and M. Sintzoff and
                  C. H. Lindsey and L. G. L. T. Meertens and
                  R. G. Fisker",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 5,
  Pages =	 "1-70",
  Year =	 1977,
  Note =	 "This has also been published by Springer-Verlag, New
                  York, N. Y., and in Acta Informatica, volume 5,
                  pages 1-236 (1975).",
  Annote =	 "Algol 68 is a complex language with a forbidding but
                  precise definition. It features recursive type
                  definitions and discriminated unions. 19
                  references."
}

@Book{vanderLinden97a,
  author =	 "Peter {van der Linden}",
  title =	 "Just {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Sun Microsystems Press",
  address =	 "2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043-1100,
                  USA",
  edition =	 "Second",
  year =	 1997,
  series =	 "Java series",
  url =
                  "http://www.sun.com/books/books/vanderLinden2/vanderLinden2.html",
  keywords =	 "Java (computer program language); technology -- data
                  processing",
  annote =	 "Includes CD-ROM. Several references."
}

@Book{vanderLinden97b,
  author =	 "Peter {van der Linden}",
  title =	 "Not Just {Java}",
  publisher =	 "Sun Microsystems Press",
  address =	 "2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043-1100,
                  USA",
  year =	 1997,
  series =	 "Java series"
}

@Article{vanderWerf98,
  author =	 {Peter van der Werf},
  title =	 {Values and Objects Revisited},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 11,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {25-34},
  annote =	 {14 references.}
}