% $Id$

% distributed and parallel processing, except language definitions

@article{Abadi-Fournet-Gonthier02,
author = "Mart\'{i}n Abadi and C\'{e}dric Fournet and Georges Gonthier",
title = "Secure Implementation of Channel Abstractions",
journal = "Information and Computation",
volume = "174",
number = "1",
pages = "37-83",
year = "2002",
issn = "0890-5401",
doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.2002.3086",
}

@article{Abadi-Gordon99,
author = "Mart\'{i}n Abadi and Andrew D. Gordon",
title = "A Calculus for Cryptographic Protocols: The Spi Calculus",
journal = "Information and Computation",
volume = "148",
number = "1",
pages = "1-70",
year = "1999",
issn = "0890-5401",
doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1998.2740",
}

@InProceedings{Abbadi-Skeen-Cristen85,
  Author =	 "Amr El Abbadi and Dale Skeen and Flaviu Cristian",
  Title =	 "An Efficient, Fault-Tolerant Protocol for Replicated
                  Data Management",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Conference
                  on Principles of Data Base Systems",
  Year =	 1985,
  Organization = ACM,
  Annote =	 "Replication scheme based on the idea of virtual
                  partitions. 18 references."
}

@InCollection{Abramsky90,
  Author =	 "Samson Abramsky",
  Title =	 "A Generalized Kahn Principle for Abstract
                  Asynchronous Networks",
  Booktitle =	 "Mathematical Foundations of Programming Semantics,
                  5th International Conference",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 "1990",
  Volume =	 442,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "M. Main and A. Melton and M. Mislove and D Schmidt",
  Pages =	 "1-21",
  Annote =	 "32 references."
}

@TechReport{Aceto-Hennessy88,
  Author =	 "L. Aceto and M. Hennessy",
  Title =	 "Termination, Deadlock and Divergence",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "6/88",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Process algebra with explicit representations of
                  successful termination, deadlock and
                  divergence. Analysis of its semantics, both
                  operational and denotational. 27 references."
}

@TechReport{Aceto89,
  Author =	 "L. Aceto",
  Title =	 "On Relating Concurrency and Nondeterminism",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "6/89",
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "CCS-like language whose semantic theory relates
                  concurrency and nondeterminism without reducing the
                  former to the latter. 30 references."
}

@TechReport{Aceto90,
  Author =	 "Luca Aceto",
  Title =	 "A Theory of Testing for ACP",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "3/90",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Algebraic verification in the theory of testing
                  equivalence. 31 references."
}

@Book{Aceto92,
  Author =	 "Luca Aceto",
  Title =	 "Action refinement in process algebras",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1992,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-521-43111-5"
}

@Proceedings{Agha-Wegner-Yonezawa89,
  Editor =	 "Gul Agha and Peter Wegner and Akinori Yonezawa",
  Title =	 "ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Object-Based Concurrent
                  Programming",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1989,
  Note =	 "ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 24, Number 4"
}

@Book{Agha-Wegner-Yonezawa93,
  Editor =	 "Gul Agha and Peter Wegner and Akinori Yonezawa",
  Title =	 "Research Directions in Concurrent Object-Oriented
                  Programming",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1993
}

@Article{Agha90a,
  Author =	 "Gul Agha",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "125-141",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@InCollection{Agha91,
  Author =	 "Gul Agha",
  Title =	 "The Structure and Semantics of Actor Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages, REX
                  School/Workshop, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands,
                  May/June 1990",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "J. W. de Bakker and W. P. de Roever and
                  G. Rozenberg",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 489,
  Pages =	 "1-59",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "39 references."
}

@Article{Ahuja-Carlson-Gahlot,
  Author =	 "M. Ahuja and T. Carlson and A. Gahlot",
  Title =	 "Passive-Space and Time View: Vector Clocks for
                  Achieving Higher Performance, Program Correction,
                  and Distributed Computing",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 19,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "845-855",
  Annote =	 "14 references"
}

@Article{Aladhaband-etal93,
  Author =	 "G. Alghband and M.S. Benten and R. Jakob and
                  H. F. Jordan and A. V. Ramanan",
  Title =	 "Language Portability Across Shared Memory
                  MultiProcessors",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                  Systems",
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "1064-1072",
  Annote =	 "24 references"
}

@Book{Alford-etal85,
  Author =	 "M. W. Alford and J. P. Ansart and G. Hommel and
                  L. Lamport and B. Liskov and G. P. Mullery and
                  F. B. Schneider",
  Title =	 "Distributed Systems: Methods and Tools for
                  Specification. An Advanced Course",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1985,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 190
}

@InProceedings{Allchin-McKendry83,
  Author =	 "J. E. Allchin and M. S. McKendry",
  Title =	 "Synchronization and Recovery of Actions",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Distributed Computing, Montreal,
                  Canada",
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "31-44",
  Year =	 1983,
  Organization = ACM,
  Annote =	 "Description of atomicity as found in the Clouds
                  project. 27 references."
}

@Article{Almes-etal85,
  Author =	 "Guy T. Almes and Andrew P. Black and Edward
                  D. Lazowska and Jerre D. Noe",
  Title =	 "The Eden System: A Technical Review",
  Journal =	 IEEESE,
  Volume =	 "SE-11",
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "43-58",
  Annote =	 "Interesting checkpointing. The Eden system is an
                  operating system and architecture for distributed
                  programming. Discussion of their implementation. 18
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Alsberg-etal76,
  Author =	 "Peter A. Alsberg and Geneva G. Belford and John
                  D. Day and Enrique Grapa",
  Title =	 "Multi-Copy Resiliency Techniques",
  Type =	 "CAC Document",
  Number =	 202,
  Institution =	 "Center for Advanced Computation, University of
                  Illinois, Urbana, Illinois",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1976,
  Annote =	 "Discusses resiliency, that is not losing data in the
                  face of failures. The techniques are based on
                  primary sites and backups. 2 references."
}

@Article{Alverson-Notkin93,
  Author =	 "G. A. Alverson and D. Notkin",
  Title =	 "Program Structuring for Effective Parallel
                  Portability",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                  Systems",
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "1060-1064",
  Annote =	 "17 references"
}

@Book{Ananda-Srinivasan91,
  Author =	 "Akkihebba L. Ananda and Balasubramaniam Srinivasan",
  Title =	 "Distributed Computing Systems: Concepts and
                  Structures",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1991,
  Series =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press Reprint Collection",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, California",
  Annote =	 "Collection of articles about distributed systems."
}

@Article{Andreoli-Pareschi90,
  Author =	 "Jean-Marc Andreoli and Remo Pareschi",
  Title =	 "LO and Behold! Concurrent Structured Processes",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "44-56",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA ECOOP '90 Proceedings}, N. Meyrowitz
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@Article{Andrews-Olsson86,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Ronald A. Olsson",
  Title =	 "The Evolution of the SR Language",
  Journal =	 "Distributed Computing",
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1986,
  Note =	 "Also University of Arizona TR 85-22."
}

@Article{Andrews-Schneider83,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Fred B. Schneider",
  Title =	 "Concepts and Notations for Concurrent Programming",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "3-43",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1983
}

@Article{Andrews-etal87,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Richard D. Schlichting and
                  Roger Hayes and Titus D. M. Purdin",
  Title =	 "The Design of the Saguaro Distributed Operating
                  System",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-13",
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "104-118",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Features support for communication connections,
                  semitransparent file replication and access, pools
                  of server processes, decentralized allocation
                  protocols, and support for type checking. 39
                  references."
}

@Article{Andrews-etal88,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews and Ronald A. Olsson and Michael
                  Coffin and Irving Elshoff and Kelvin Nilsen and
                  Titus Purdin and Gregg Townsend",
  Title =	 "An Overview of the SR Language and Implementation",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "51-86",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "38 references."
}

@TechReport{Andrews90,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews",
  Title =	 "Paradigms for Process Interaction in Distributed
                  Programs",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The University of
                  Arizona",
  Address =	 "Tucson, Arizona",
  Number =	 "TR 89-24a",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "67 references."
}

@Article{Andrews91a,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews",
  Title =	 "Paradigms for Process Interaction in Distributed
                  Programs",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "49-90",
  Annote =	 "69 references."
}

@Book{Andrews91b,
  Author =	 "Gregory R. Andrews",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice",
  Publisher =	 "The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company",
  Year =	 1991,
  Annote =	 "hundreds of references."
}

@Article{Aridor-Choen-Yehudai98,
  author =	 {Yariv Aridor and Shimon Choen and AmiramYehudai},
  title =	 {Design of an Actor Language for Implicit Parallel
                  Programming},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {39-47},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
}

@Article{Arora-Kulkarni98,
  author =	 {Anish Arora and Sandeep S. Kulkarni},
  title =	 {Component Based Design of Multitolerant Systems},
  journal =	 IEEETSE,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 24,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {63-78},
  annote =	 {27 references.}
}

@TechReport{Arun-Kumar-Hennessy90,
  Author =	 "S. Arun-Kumar and M. Hennessy",
  Title =	 "An Efficiency Preorder for Processes",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "5/90",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "14 references."
}

@InProceedings{Atkinson-Hewitt77,
  Author =	 "R. Atkinson and C. Hewitt",
  Title =	 "Synchronization in Actor Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Fourth Annual ACM Symposium
                  on Principles of Programming Languages",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1977,
  Pages =	 "267-280"
}

@Book{Atkinson-Moreton-Natali88,
  Author =	 "Colin Atkinson and Trevor Moreton and Antonio
                  Natali",
  Title =	 "Ada for distributed systems",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Address =	 "Cambridge",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "49 references."
}

@Article{Babaoglu87,
  Author =	 {\"{O}zalp Babao\~{g}lu},
  Title =	 "On the Reliability of Consensus-Based Fault-Tolerant
                  Distributed Computing Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "394-416",
  Annote =	 "Models times of machine failure as a stocastic
                  process and derives reliability estimates for
                  various algorithms and other parameters. Estimates
                  of reliability where a bound on the number of
                  failures is unknown. 32 references."
}

@Article{Bal-Kaashoek93,
  Author =	 "Henri E Bal and M.Frans Kaashoek",
  Title =	 "Object Distribution in Orca using Compile -Time and
                  Run-Time Techniques",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 28,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1993,
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA '93 Proceedings}, Andreas Paepcke
                  (editor).",
  Pages =	 "162-177",
  Annote =	 "37 references."
}

@Article{Bal-Steiner-Tanenbaum89,
  Author =	 "Henri E. Bal and Jennifer G. Steiner and Andrew
                  S. Tanenbaum",
  Title =	 "Programming Languages for Distributed Computing
                  Systems",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "261-322",
  Annote =	 "Survey with extensive bibliography."
}

@Article{Bal-Tanenbaum91,
  Author =	 "Henri E. Bal and Andrew S. Tanenbaum",
  Title =	 "Distributed Programming with Shared Data",
  Journal =	 "Computer Languages",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "129-146"
}

@PhDThesis{Bal89,
  Author =	 "Henri Elle Bal",
  Title =	 "The Shared Data-Object Model as a Paradigm for
                  Programming Distributed Systems",
  School =	 "Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam",
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@Book{Bal90,
  Author =	 "Henri E. Bal",
  Title =	 "Programming Distributed Systems",
  Publisher =	 "Silicon Press",
  Year =	 1990,
  Address =	 "Summit, NJ"
}

@Article{Barborak-Malek-Dahbura93,
  Author =	 "Micheal Barborak and Miroslaw Malek and Anton
                  Dahbura",
  Title =	 "The Consensus problem in Fault tolerant Computing",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "171-220",
  Annote =	 "150 references"
}

@Manual{Bartlett77,
  Author =	 "Joel F. Bartlett",
  Title =	 "A NonStop Operating System",
  Organization = "Tandem Computers, Inc.",
  Year =	 1977,
  Annote =	 "Discusses process pairs and other high level topics
                  in the architecture of Tandem's operating system. 8
                  references."
}

@Article{Belloch96,
  author =	 {Guy E. Belloch},
  title =	 {Programming Parallel Algorithms},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 39,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {85-97},
  annote =	 {25 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Ben-Or83,
  Author =	 "Michael Ben-Or",
  Title =	 "Another Advantage of Free Choice: Completely
                  Asynchronous Agreement Prototols",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Distributed Computing, Montreal,
                  Canada",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "27-30",
  Annote =	 "Probabilistic solution to the asynchronous agreement
                  or commit problem. Not very efficient unless the
                  number of faulty processors is assumed to be less
                  than the square root of the number of processors. 4
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Ben-Zvi90,
  Author =	 "Boaz Ben-Zvi",
  Title =	 "Disconnected Actions: An Asynchronous Extension to a
                  Nested Atomic Action System",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 475,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 jan
}

@InProceedings{Benton-Cardelli-Fournet02,
  author =	 {Nick Benton and Luca Cardelli and C\'{e}dric Fournet},
  title =	 {Modern Concurrency Abstractions for {C\#}},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP 2002 --- Object-Oriented Programming, 16th
                  European Conference, M\'{a}alaga, Spain,
                  Proceedings},
  pages =	 {415-440},
  year =	 2002,
  editor =	 {Boris Magnusson},
  volume =	 2374,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 {Berlin},
  month =	 jun,
  publisher =	 SV,
  annote =	 {29 references.}
}

@Article{Bernstein-Goodman81,
  Author =	 "Philip A. Bernstein and Nathan Goodman",
  Title =	 "Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "185-221",
  Annote =	 "Taxonomy and discussion of distributed concurrency
                  control methods. 83 references and a partial index
                  of references organized by subjects."
}

@Article{Bernstein-Goodman83,
  Author =	 "Philip A. Bernstein and Nathan Goodman",
  Title =	 "Multiversion Concurrency Control -- Theory and
                  Algorithms",
  Journal =	 TODS,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "465-483",
  Annote =	 "Theorems about serializability and 1 copy
                  serializability. Analysis of multiversion
                  timestamping, multiversion locking, and a hybrid
                  protocol. 21 references."
}

@Article{Bernstein-Goodman84,
  Author =	 "Philip A. Bernstein and Nathan Goodman",
  Title =	 "An Algorithm for Concurrency Control and Recovery in
                  Replicated Distributed Databases",
  Journal =	 TODS,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "596-615",
  Annote =	 "Algorithm that handles detectable site failures but
                  not partitions. Basic idea is to read from one copy
                  and write to all available copies. 34 references."
}

@InProceedings{Berry-Milner-Turner92,
  Author =	 "Dave Berry and Robin Milner and David Turner",
  Title =	 "A semantics for ML concurrency primitives",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Nineteenth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "119-129",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@InCollection{Berry00,
  author =	"G\'{e}rard Berry",
  title =	"The Foundations of {Esterel}",
  booktitle =	"Proof, Language and Interaction: Essays in Honour of Robin Milner",
  editor =	"G. Plotkin and C. Stirling and M. Tofte",
  publisher =	MITP,
  Address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year = 	2000
}

@Article{Birman93,
  Author =	 "Kenneth P. Birman",
  Title =	 "The Process Group Approach to Reliable Distributed
                  Computing",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 36,
  Number =	 12,
  Pages =	 "36-53",
  Annote =	 "37 references"
}

@Article{Birrell-Nelson84,
  Author =	 "Andrew D. Birrell and Bruce J. Nelson",
  Title =	 "Implementing Remote Procedure Calls",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "39-59",
  Annote =	 "Description of their implementation of RPCs. 15
                  references."
}

@Article{Birrell-etal82,
  Author =	 "Andrew D. Birrell and Roy Levin and Roger M. Needham
                  and Michael D. Schroeder",
  Title =	 "Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Computing",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "260-274",
  Annote =	 "Description of the design and implementation of
                  Grapevine, which is a mail, naming, authentication
                  and catalog service. The system makes a best effort
                  to send updates and messages but essentially makes
                  no guarantees. 13 references."
}

@InProceedings{Birrell-etal86,
  Author =	 "Andrew D. Birrell and Butler W. Lampson and Roger
                  M. Needham and Michael D. Schroeder",
  Title =	 "A Global Authentication Service without Global
                  Trust",
  BookTitle =	 "IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "223-230",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Annote =	 "Design of an authentication service ofr a large
                  scale, long lifetime, distributed system. Method
                  makes explicit trust relationships. 8 references."
}

@Article{Birrell85,
  Author =	 "Andrew D. Birrell",
  Title =	 "Secure Communication Using Remote Procedure Calls",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "1-14",
  Annote =	 "Protocols for use in a remote procedure call package
                  for end-to-end security. Based on
                  conversations. Provides authentication, encryption
                  and prevention of playbacks. 12 references."
}

@TechReport{Birrell89,
  Author =	 "Andrew D. Birrell",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Programming with Threads",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1989,
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Number =	 35,
  Annote =	 "17 references."
}

@Article{Black-etal86,
  Author =	 "Andrew Black and Norman Hutchinson and Eric Jul and
                  Henry Levy",
  Title =	 "Object Structure in the {E}merald System",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "78-86",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Emerald is an object-based language for distributed
                  programming. Notion of conformity encapsulates
                  syntactic subtyping rules. Distinctions between
                  local and global objects hidden by language. Objects
                  created by explicit constructors, code sharing is
                  managed by the kernel, and abstract types provide a
                  classification scheme that is independent of an
                  object's implementation. 24 references."
}

@Article{Black-etal87,
  Author =	 "Andrew Black and Norman Hutchinson and Eric Jul and
                  Henry Levy and Larry Carter",
  Title =	 "Distribution and Abstract Types in Emerald",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-13",
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "65-76",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Overview of Emerald and comparison with other
                  distributed programming languages. Abstract types
                  are interfaces that allow subtyping. Some
                  implementation considerations. 35 references."
}

@TechReport{Black-etal88,
  Author =	 "David L. Black and David B. Golub and Karl Hauth and
                  Avadis Tevanian and Richard Sanzi",
  Title =	 "The Mach Exception Handling Facility",
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1988,
  Number =	 "CMU-CS-88-129",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@Article{Blasgen-etal79,
  Author =	 "Mike Blasgen and Jim Gray and Mike Mitoma and Tom
                  Price",
  Title =	 "The Convoy Phenomenon",
  Journal =	 SIGOPS,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "20-25",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1979,
  Annote =	 "Describes how convoys of processes waiting for locks
                  form and some suggestions about how to avoid them. 4
                  references."
}

@InCollection{Bloom-Meyer90,
  Author =	 "Bard Bloom and Albert R. Meyer",
  Title =	 "Experimenting with Process Equivalence",
  BookTitle =	 "Semantics for Concurrency, Leicester",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "M. Z. Kwiatkowska and M. W. Shields and
                  R. M. Thomas",
  Series =	 "Workshops in Computing",
  Pages =	 "81-95",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "21 references."
}

@TechReport{Bloom79a,
  Author =	 "Toby Bloom",
  Title =	 "Synchronization Mechanisms for Modular Programming
                  Languages",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Number =	 211,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1979,
  Annote =	 "This master's thesis evaluates the expressive power
                  of various synchronization mechanisms. 35
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Bloom79b,
  Author =	 "T. Bloom",
  Title =	 "Evaluating Synchronization Mechanisms",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Operating
                  Systems Principles",
  Organization = ACM,
  Pages =	 "24-32",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1979
}

@TechReport{Bloom83,
  Author =	 "Toby Bloom",
  Title =	 "Dynamic Module Replacement in a Distributed
                  Programming System",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1983,
  Number =	 "TR-303",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Annote =	 "Unit of replacement in Argus is the subsystem. Need
                  for multiple interfaces to a type. Static type
                  checking and association of a type with a static
                  module definition place limits on dynamic
                  modifiability. 17 references."
}

@Article{Boari-etal84,
  Author =	 "M. Boari and S. Crespi-Reghizzi and A. Dapra and
                  F. Maderna and A. Natali",
  Title =	 "Multi-microprocessor Programming Techniques: MML, a
                  New Set of Tools",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Computer",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1984
}

@InProceedings{Borr81,
  Author =	 "Andrea J. Borr",
  Title =	 "Transaction Monitoring in Encompass [TM]: Reliable
                  Distributed Transaction Processing",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings on Very Large Databases, Seventh
                  International Conference on Very Large Data Bases,
                  Cannes, France",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "155-165",
  Annote =	 "Description of the application-level transaction
                  facilities provided with the Tandem system and of
                  their distributed data management system. 6
                  references."
}

@Article{Botorog98,
  author =	 {George H. Botorog},
  title =	 {Efficient high-level parallel programming},
  journal =	 TCS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 196,
  number =	 {1-2},
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {77-107}
}

@inproceedings{Bouge-Francez88,
  author =	 {L. Boug\'{e} and N. Francez},
  title =	 {A compositional approach to superimposition},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium
                  on Principles of programming languages},
  year =	 {1988},
  isbn =	 {0-89791-252-7},
  pages =	 {240--249},
  location =	 {San Diego, California, United States},
  doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/73560.73581},
  publisher =	 {ACM Press},
  annote =	 {31 references.}
}

@Article{Brinch-Hansen98a,
  author =	 {Per {Brinch Hansen}},
  title =	 {An Evaluation of {High Performance Fortran}},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {57-64},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
}

@Article{Brinch-Hansen98b,
  author =	 {Per {Brinch Hansen}},
  title =	 {An Evaluation of The Message Passing Interface},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 mar,
  pages =	 {65-72},
  annote =	 {11 references.}
}

@Article{Brinch-Hansen99,
  author =	 {Per {Brinch Hansen}},
  title =	 {Java's Insecure Parallelism},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 34,
  number =	 4,
  month =	 apr,
  pages =	 {38-45},
  annote =	 {21 references.}
}

@Article{Briot-Guerraoui-Lohr98,
  author =	 {Jean-Pierre Briot and Rachid Guerraoui and
                  Klaus-Peter Lohr},
  title =	 {Concurrency and Distribution in Object-Oriented
                  Programming},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 30,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 sep,
  pages =	 {291-329},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@Article{Brookes-Hoare-Roscoe84,
  Author =	 "S. D. Brookes and C. A. R. Hoare and A. W. Roscoe",
  Title =	 "A Theory of Communicating Sequential Processes",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 31,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "560-599"
}

@Article{Brown-Kolling-Taft85,
  Author =	 "Mark R. Brown and Karen N. Kolling and Edward
                  A. Taft",
  Title =	 "The Alpine File System",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "261-293",
  Annote =	 "Discussion of the Alpine file system design and
                  implementation as well as the Cedar language and
                  programming environment. Alpine supports atomic
                  transactions in a distributed network. 29
                  references."
}

@InCollection{Broy91,
  Author =	 "Manfred Broy",
  Title =	 "Formalization of Distributed, Concurrent, Reactive
                  Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Formal Description of Programming Concepts",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1991,
  Editor =	 "E. J. Neuhold and M. Paul",
  Series =	 "IFIP State-of-the-Art Reports",
  Pages =	 "319-361",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "ISBN 0-387-53961-1. 57 references."
}

@Unpublished{Burkhart92a,
  Author =	 "Roger Burkhart",
  Title =	 "Process Based Definition of Enterprose Models",
  Note =	 "To Appear in Enterprise Integration Modelling:
                  Proceedings of the First Intl Conference, MIT Press,
                  1992, Author = roger@ci.deere.com",
  Annote =	 "11 references. "
}

@Book{Burns-Wellings98,
  author =	 {Andy Burns and Andy Wellings},
  title =	 {Concurrency in Ada},
  publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 NY,
  edition =	 "Second edition."
}

@TechReport{Burrows-Abadi-Needham,
  Author =	 "Michael Burrows and Mart\'{i}n Abadi and Roger
                  Needham",
  Title =	 "A Logic of Authentication",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1989,
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Number =	 39,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@article{Burrows-Abadi-Needham90,
 author = {Burrows, Michael and Abadi, Martin and Needham, Roger},
 title = {A Logic of Authentication},
 journal = {ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.},
 issue_date = {Feb. 1990},
 volume = {8},
 number = {1},
 month = feb,
 year = {1990},
 issn = {0734-2071},
 pages = {18--36},
 numpages = {19},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/77648.77649},
 doi = {10.1145/77648.77649},
 acmid = {77649},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@Article{Butcher-Zedan91a,
  Author =	 "Paul Butcher and Hussein Zedan",
  Title =	 "Lucinda--An Overview",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "90-100",
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@InCollection{Butcher-Zedan91b,
  Author =	 "Paul Butcher and Hussein Zedan",
  Title =	 "Lucinda - A Polymorphic Linda",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in High-Level Parallel
                  Programming Languages, Mont Saint-Michel, France,
                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 574,
  Pages =	 "126-146",
  Annote =	 "28 references"
}

@InProceedings{Campbell-Klostad79,
  Author =	 "R. H. Campbell and R. B. Klostad",
  Title =	 "Path Expressions in Pascal",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference
                  on Software Engineering",
  Pages =	 "212-219",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1979,
  Organization = "IEEE"
}

@Article{Cardelli95,
  author =	 "Luca Cardelli",
  title =	 "A language with distributed scope",
  journal =	 "Computing Systems",
  year =	 1995,
  volume =	 8,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "27-59",
  month =	 jan,
  note =	 "A preliminary version appeared in POPL '95."
}

@InProceedings{Cardelli95b,
  Author =	 {Luca Cardelli},
  Title =	 "A Language with Distributed Scope",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '95: 22nd Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages, San Francisco, Calif.",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1995,
  Organization = ACM,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "286-297",
  Annote =	 "The language Obliq. 33 references."
}

@Article{Carey-Muhanna86,
  Author =	 "Michael J. Carey and Waleed A. Muhanna",
  Title =	 "The Performance of Multiversion Concurrency Control
                  Algorithms",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Annote =	 "Simulation of concurrency control algorithms and an
                  analysis of the results. Shows that multiversion
                  algorithms provide significant performance
                  improvements, although they access the disk more
                  frequently. The storage overhead for old versions
                  appears small. (Optimistic protocols are poor under
                  heavy loads?) 32 references."
}

@Article{Carriero-Gelernter89a,
  Author =	 "Nicholas Carriero and David Gelernter",
  Title =	 "Linda in Context",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "444-458",
  Annote =	 "Compares the Linda parallel language model to other
                  paradigms for parallel programming: message passing,
                  concurrent logic programming, and functional
                  languages. 35 references."
}

@Article{Carriero-Gelernter89b,
  Author =	 "Nicholas Carriero and David Gelernter",
  Title =	 "How to Write Parallel Programs: A Guide for the
                  Perplexed",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "323-357",
  Annote =	 "Paradigms: parallel computation of elements of a
                  data structure, adgenda parallelism, specialist
                  parallelism. Linda as example language. 47
                  references."
}

@Article{Castellano-Michelis-Pomello87,
  Author =	 "L. Castellano and G. De Michelis and L. Pomello",
  Title =	 "Concurrency vs interleaving: an instructive example",
  Journal =	 "Bulletin of the EATCS",
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 31,
  Pages =	 "12-15",
  Month =	 feb
}

@Article{Champine-Geer-Ruh90,
  Author =	 "George A. Champine and Daniel E. Geer, Jr., and
                  William N. Ruh",
  Title =	 "Project Athena as a Distributed Computer System",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 23,
  Number =	 9,
  Month =	 sep,
  Pages =	 "40-51",
  Annote =	 "14 references."
}

@Article{Chan-Sarin85,
  Author =	 "Arvola Chan and Sunil Sarin",
  Title =	 "Improving Availability and Performance of
                  Distributed Database Systems",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Bulletin on Database Engineering",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Annote =	 "Survey of 3 projects at CCA. These are based on
                  timestamps and compensation for actions. Performance
                  concerns are important. 26 references."
}

@Article{Chandy-Kesselman91,
  Author =	 "K. Mani Chandy and Carl Kesselman",
  Title =	 "Parallel Programming in 2001",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Software",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 8,
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "11-20",
  Annote =	 "4 references."
}

@Article{Chandy-Lamport85,
  Author =	 "K. Mani Chandy and Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "Distributed Snapshots: Determining Global States of
                  Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "63-75",
  Annote =	 "Algorithm for noting the global state of processors
                  and channels as it could have been at some time in
                  the past. 11 references."
}

@Article{Chandy-Misra84,
  Author =	 "K. M. Chandy and J. Misra",
  Title =	 "The Drinking Philosophers Problem",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "632-646",
  Annote =	 "The problem of resolving conflicts fairly among
                  processes in a distributed system is
                  studied. Solutions offered here involve introducing
                  extra resources to distinguish the processes and to
                  form an acyclic precedence graph which is maintained
                  locally. 10 references."
}

@Book{Chandy-Misra88,
  Author =	 "K. M. Chandy and J. Misra",
  Title =	 "Parallel Program Design",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Year =	 1988,
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass."
}

@Article{Cheriton-Zwaenepoel85,
  Author =	 "D. Cheriton and Zwaenepoel",
  Title =	 "Distributed Process Groups in the V Kernel",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1985,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 2
}

@Article{Cheriton87,
  Author =	 "D. Cheriton",
  Title =	 "UIO: A Uniform I/O System Interface for Distributed
                  Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1987,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 1
}

@Article{Chin-Chanson91,
  Author =	 "Roger S. Chin and Samuel T. Chanson",
  Title =	 "Distributed Object-Based Programming Systems",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Year =	 1991,
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  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Pages =	 "91-124",
  Annote =	 "56 references."
}

@TechReport{Clamen-etal89,
  Author =	 "S. M. Clamen and L. D. Leibengood and S. M. Nettles
                  and J. M. Wing",
  Title =	 "Reliable Distributed Computing with Avalon/Common
                  Lisp",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Institution =	 CMU,
  Number =	 "CMU-CS-89-186",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}

@TechReport{Cleaveland-Hennessy89,
  Author =	 "Rance Cleaveland Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "Testing Equivalence as a Bisimulation Equivalene",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "4/89",
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "How to view testing equivalences as bisimulation
                  equivalences. 16 references."
}

@TechReport{Closkey88,
  Author =	 "Cynthia Closkey",
  Title =	 "The ARGUS System Manual",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1988,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo ",
  Number =	 64,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02139",
  Month =	 sep,
  Annote =	 "No references."
}

@InProceedings{Coan-Oki-Kolodner86,
  Author =	 "Brian A. Coan and Brian M. Oki and Elliot
                  K. Kolodner",
  Title =	 "Limitations on Database Availability when Networks
                  Partition",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on the
                  Principles of Distributed Computing",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Organization = ACM
}

@TechReport{Coffin89,
  Author =	 "Michael Coffin",
  Title =	 "Par: A Language for Architecture-Independent
                  Parallel Programming",
  Institution =	 "Department of Computer Science, The University of
                  Arizona",
  Address =	 "Tucson, Arizona",
  Number =	 "TR 89-18",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Language for writing architecture independent
                  parallel programs. 24 references."
}

@Book{Coulouris-Dollimore88,
  Author =	 "George F. Coulouris and Jean Dollimore",
  Title =	 "Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design",
  Publisher =	 "Addison-Wesley",
  Address =	 "Reading, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988
}

@InProceedings{Cristian-etal85,
  Author =	 "Flaviu Cristian and Houtan Aghili and Ray Strong and
                  Danny Dolev",
  Title =	 "Atomic Broadcast: From Simple Message Diffusion to
                  Byzantine Agreement",
  BookTitle =	 "Fifteenth International Conference on Fault Tolerant
                  Computing, Ann Arbor, Michigan",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Annote =	 "Algorithm for atomic broadcasts needed to implement
                  delta-common storage; storage that at every time
                  displays the same contents to all correct processors
                  and requires delta time units to complete replicated
                  updates. 19 references."
}

@Article{Cristian91,
  Author =	 "Flaviu Cristian",
  Title =	 "Understanding Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 34,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "56-78",
  Annote =	 "67 references."
}

@Article{Crowl-LeBlanc94,
  Author =	 "Lawrence A. Crowl and Thomas J. LeBlanc",
  Title =	 "Parallel Programming with Control Abstraction",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1994,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "524-576",
  Annote =	 "41 references."
}

@Article{Dasgupta-etal91,
  Author =	 "Partha Dasgupta and Richard J. LeBlanc, Jr. and
                  Mustaque Ahamad and Umakishore Ramachandran",
  Title =	 "The Clouds Distributed Operating System",
  Journal =	 "Computer",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "34-43",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Article{Dasgupta86,
  Author =	 "Partha Dasgupta",
  Title =	 "A Probe-Based Monitoring Scheme for an
                  Object-Oriented Distributed Operating System",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "57-66",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Permenant entities in Clouds are objects. Nested
                  actions. Objects can be explicitly
                  deleted. Processes are separated from objects. 15
                  references."
}

@Article{Davidson-Garcia-Molina-Skeen,
  Author =	 "Susan B. Davidson and Hector Garcia-Molina and Dale
                  Skeen",
  Title =	 "Consistency in a Partitioned Networks",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "341-370",
  Annote =	 "A comprehensive survey. 50 references."
}

@Article{Davidson84,
  Author =	 "Susan B. Davidson",
  Title =	 "Optimism and Consistency in Partitioned Distributed
                  Database Systems",
  Journal =	 TODS,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "456-481",
  Annote =	 "Strategy is to let transactions proceed in face of a
                  partition, to detect conflicts after the fact and to
                  back out transactions that cause cycles in the
                  serialization order. Some analysis of the situations
                  in which this strategy is useful. 29 references."
}

@Article{Davies-Wakerly78,
  Author =	 "D. Davies and J. Wakerly",
  Title =	 "Synchronization and Matching in Redundant Systems",
  Journal =	 IEEETC,
  Volume =	 "C-27",
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "531-539"
}

@TechReport{Day-etal93a,
  Author =	 "Mark S. Day and Sanjay Ghemawat and Robert E. Gruber
                  and Umesh Maheshwari and Andrew Myers",
  Title =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo 78: Student
                  Working Papers",
  Number =	 "Memo 78",
  Year =	 1993,
  Institution =	 MITLCS
}

@Article{Day-etal93b,
  Author =	 "M Day, B. Liskov, U, Maheshwari, and A.C. Myers,",
  Title =	 "References to Remote Mobile Objects in Thor",
  Journal =	 "ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 "1-4",
  Month =	 "March-December",
  Pages =	 "115-126",
  Annote =	 "14 references."
}

@TechReport{Day87,
  Author =	 "Mark S. Day",
  Title =	 "Replication and Reconfiguration in a Distributed
                  Mail Repository",
  Number =	 "MIT/LCS/TR-376",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1987,
  Institution =	 MITLCS
}

@InProceedings{Decker-Wattenhofer14,
author="Christian Decker and Roger Wattenhofer",
editor="Miros{\l}aw Kuty{\l}owski and Jaideep Vaidya",
title="Bitcoin Transaction Malleability and {MtGox}",
booktitle="Computer Security - ESORICS 2014",
year="2014",
publisher="Springer International Publishing",
address="Cham",
pages="313--326",
abstract="In Bitcoin, transaction malleability describes the fact that the signatures that prove the ownership of bitcoins being transferred in a transaction do not provide any integrity guarantee for the signatures themselves. This allows an attacker to mount a malleability attack in which it intercepts, modifies, and rebroadcasts a transaction, causing the transaction issuer to believe that the original transaction was not confirmed. In February 2014 MtGox, once the largest Bitcoin exchange, closed and filed for bankruptcy claiming that attackers used malleability attacks to drain its accounts. In this work we use traces of the Bitcoin network for over a year preceding the filing to show that, while the problem is real, there was no widespread use of malleability attacks before the closure of MtGox.",
isbn="978-3-319-11212-1",
annote="13 references."
}

@Article{Decouchant86,
  Author =	 "D. Decouchant",
  Title =	 "Design of a Distributed Object Manager for the
                  Smalltalk-80 System",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "444-452",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Sharing Smalltalk-80 objects over a local area
                  network. Location transparency and uniform object
                  naming; uses proxy objects to provide access to
                  remote objects while maintaining the illusion of
                  locality. Object migration as desired or
                  needed. Read/write access control based on object
                  ownership. 8 references."
}

@InCollection{Degano-Gorrieri-Vigna93,
  Author =	 "P. Degano and R. Gorrieri and S. Vigna",
  Title =	 "On Relating Some models for Concurrency",
  Journal =	 LNCS,
  Number =	 668,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Editor =	 "M. C. Gaudel and J. P. Jouannaud",
  Year =	 1993,
  Booktitle =	 "TAPSOFT '93: Theory and Practice of Software
                  Development. 4th International Joint Conference
                  CAAP/FASE",
  Pages =	 "15-30",
  Annote =	 "23 references"
}

@inproceedings{Deng-etal02,
 author = {Xianghua Deng and Matthew B. Dwyer and John Hatcliff and Masaaki Mizuno},
 title = {Invariant-based Specification, Synthesis, and Verification of Synchronization in Concurrent Programs},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2002)},
 year = 2002,
 isbn = {1-58113-472-X},
 pages = {442-452},
 location = {Orlando, Florida},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/581339.581394},
 publisher = ACM,
 address = NY
}

@Article{Detlefs-Herlihy-Wing88,
  Author =	 "David L. Detlefs and Maurice P. Herlihy and
                  Jeannette M. Wing",
  Title =	 "Inheritance of Synchronization and Recovery
                  Properties in Avalon/C++",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Computer",
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "57-69",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@Article{Dolev-Dwork-Stockmeyer87,
  Author =	 "Danny Dolev and Cynthia Dwork and Larry Stockmeyer",
  Title =	 "On the Minimal Synchronization Needed for
                  Distributed Consensus",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 34,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "77-97"
}

@InProceedings{Dolev-Rieschuk-Strong82,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev and R. Rieschuk and H. R. Strong",
  Title =	 {"Eventual" is Earlier than "Immediate"},
  BookTitle =	 "23rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer
                  Science, Chicago",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "196-203"
}

@InProceedings{Dolev-Strong82a,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev and H. R. Strong",
  Title =	 "Polynomial Algorithms for Multiple Processor
                  Agreement",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Theory of Computing, San Francisco",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "401-407",
  Note =	 "Also IBM Res. Rep. RJ3342"
}

@InProceedings{Dolev-Strong82b,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev and H. R. Strong",
  Title =	 "Distributed Commit with Bounded Waiting",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Second Symposium on Reliability in
                  Distributed Software and Database Systems,
                  Pittsburgh",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "53-59"
}

@TechReport{Dolev-Strong82c,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev and H. R. Strong",
  Title =	 "Authenticated Algorithms for Byzantine Agreement",
  Institution =	 "IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose",
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 mar,
  Number =	 "RJ3416"
}
                  
@article{Dolev-Yao83,
  author    = {Danny Dolev and Andrew Chi-Chih Yao},
  title     = {On the security of public key protocols},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  volume    = 29,
  number    = 2,
  year      = 1983,
  pages     = {198-207}
}

@InProceedings{Dolev81,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev",
  Title =	 "Unanimity in an Unknown and Unreliable Environment",
  BookTitle =	 "22nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer
                  Science, Nashville",
  Year =	 1981,
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "159-168"
}

@Article{Dolev82,
  Author =	 "D. Dolev",
  Title =	 "The Byzantine Generals Strike Again",
  Journal =	 "Journal of Algorithms",
  Volume =	 3,
  Pages =	 "14-30",
  Year =	 1982,
  Note =	 "Also Stanford Tech. Rep. STAN-CS-81-846, February
                  1981"
}

@TechReport{Duke-etal93,
  Author =	 "Roger Duke and Cecily Bailes and Graeme Smith",
  Title =	 "Modelling Reactive Objects",
  Number =	 "93-1",
  Institution =	 "Software Verification Research Center, The
                  University of Queensland",
  Address =	 "Queensland, Australia",
  Year =	 1993,
  Month =	 jan
}

@InProceedings{Dwork-Skeen83,
  Author =	 "Cynthia Dwork and Dale Skeen",
  Title =	 "The Inherent Cost of Nonblocking Commitment",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Distributed Computing, Montreal,
                  Canada",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "1-11",
  Organization = ACM,
  Annote =	 "Strong lower bounds are derived for nonblocking
                  commit protocols for both message and time
                  complexity. Assumes benign processor
                  failures. Nonblocking protocols take about 50% more
                  time than blocking protocols. 4 references."
}

@Article{Ellingson-Kulpinski73,
  Author =	 "C. E. Ellingson and R. J. Kulpinski",
  Title =	 "Dissemination of system-time",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
  Volume =	 "COM-21",
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1973,
  Pages =	 "605-624"
}

@TechReport{Emer-Wehl89,
  Author =	 "Joel S. Emer and William E. Wehl",
  Title =	 "Integrated interactive Access to Heterogenous
                  Distributed Services",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1989,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo ",
  Number =	 67,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02139",
  Month =	 dec,
  Annote =	 "13 references."
}

@Article{Eswaran-etal76,
  Author =	 "K. P. Eswaran and J. N. Gray and R. A. Lorie and
                  I. L. Traiger",
  Title =	 "On the Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in
                  a Data Base System",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 19,
  Number =	 11,
  Year =	 1979,
  Month =	 nov,
  Pages =	 "624-633"
}

@Article{Falcone87,
  Author =	 "Joseph R. Falcone",
  Title =	 "A Programmable Interface Language for Heterogeneous
                  Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "330-351",
  Annote =	 "Programming language for a heterogeneous distributed
                  system environment. 25 references."
}

@Article{Fekete-etal90,
  Author =	 "Alan Fekete and Nancy Lynch and Michael Merritt and
                  William Weihl",
  Title =	 "Commutativity-Based Locking for Nested Transactions",
  Journal =	 JCSS,
  Volume =	 41,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "65 ff.",
  Note =	 "6th Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symposium on the
                  Principles of Database Systems (PODS), March 1987"
}

@InCollection{Fidge94,
  Author =	 "C. Fidge",
  Title =	 "Logical Time in Distributed Computing Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Readings in Distributed Computing Systems",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Thoman L. Casavant and Mukesh Singhal",
  Pages =	 "73-82",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, California",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Book{Filman-Friedman84,
  Author =	 "Robert E. Filman and Daniel P. Friedman",
  Title =	 "Coordinated Computing",
  Publisher =	 "McGraw-Hill",
  Year =	 1984,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Hundreds of references."
}

@Article{Finn79,
  Author =	 "S. G. Finn",
  Title =	 "Resynch Procedures and a Fail-Safe Network Protocol",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
  Volume =	 "COM-27",
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "840-845"
}

@InProceedings{Fischer-Griffeth-Lynch81,
  Author =	 "M. J. Fischer and N. D. Griffeth and N. A. Lynch",
  Title =	 "Global States of a Distributed System",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Symposium on Reliability in Distributed
                  Software and Database Systems, Pittsburgh",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Pages =	 "33-38",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1981
}

@Article{Fischer-Lynch-Merritt86,
  Author =	 "Michael J. Fischer and Nancy A. Lynch and Michael
                  Merritt",
  Title =	 "Easy Impossibility Proofs for distributed Consensus
                  Problems",
  Journal =	 "Distributed Computing",
  Volume =	 1,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "26-39"
}

@InProceedings{Fischer-Lynch-Paterson83,
  Author =	 "M. Fischer and N. Lynch and M. Paterson",
  Title =	 "Impossibility of Distributed Consensus with One
                  Faulty Process",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Second ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Database Systems",
  Year =	 1983,
  Organization = ACM,
  Note =	 "Also M.I.T. Tech. Rep. MIT/LCS/TR-282, Sept. 1982"
}

@Article{Fischer-Lynch82,
  Author =	 "M. Fischer and N. Lynch",
  Title =	 "A Lower Bound for the Time to Assure Interactive
                  Consistency",
  Journal =	 IPL,
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 jun,
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 4,
  Pages =	 "183-186"
}

@InProceedings{Flanagan-Freund00,
 author = {Cormac Flanagan and Stephen N. Freund},
 title = {Type-based race detection for {Java}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation},
 year = {2000},
 isbn = {1-58113-199-2},
 pages = {219-232},
 location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/349299.349328},
 publisher = {ACM Press},
 address = {New York, NY, USA}
}

@inproceedings{Flanagan-Freund04,
 author = {Cormac Flanagan and Stephen N. Freund},
 title = {Atomizer: a dynamic atomicity checker for multithreaded programs},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages},
 year = {2004},
 isbn = {1-58113-729-X},
 pages = {256-267},
 location = {Venice, Italy},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/964001.964023},
 publisher = ACM
 }
 
@InProceedings{Flanagan-Qadeer03,
 author = {Cormac Flanagan and Shaz Qadeer},
 title = {Types for atomicity},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Types in Languages Design and Implementation},
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {1-58113-649-8},
 pages = {1-12},
 location = {New Orleans, Louisiana, USA},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/604174.604176},
 publisher = {ACM Press}
}

@InProceedings{Flanagan-Qadeer03a,
 author = {Cormac Flanagan and Shaz Qadeer},
 title = {A type and effect system for atomicity},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation},
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {1-58113-662-5},
 pages = {338-349},
 location = {San Diego, California, USA},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/781131.781169},
 publisher = {ACM Press}
}

@inproceedings{Flanagan04,
  author = {Cormac Flanagan},
  title     = {Verifying Commit-Atomicity Using Model-Checking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International SPIN Workshop on Model Checking of Software},
  location = {Barcelona, Spain},
  publisher = SV,
  series    = LNCS,
  volume    = 2989,
  pages = {252-266},
  year      = 2004,
  month = apr
}

@InCollection{Flatebo-Datta-Ghosh94,
  Author =	 "M. Flatebo and A.K. Datta and S. Ghosh",
  Title =	 "Self-Stabilization in Distributed Sytems",
  BookTitle =	 "Readings in Distributed Computing Systems",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Thoman L. Casavant and Mukesh Singhal",
  Pages =	 "100-114",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, California",
  Annote =	 "24 references."
}

@TechReport{Franaszek-Robinson83,
  Author =	 "Peter Franaszek and John T. Robinson",
  Title =	 "Limitations of Concurrency in Transaction
                  Processing",
  Type =	 "IBM Research Report",
  Number =	 "RC 10151",
  Institution =	 "IBM Reseach Center, Yorktown Heights, N.Y.",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Analysis of the concurrency possible under different
                  locking protocols as the number of transactions and
                  their probability of conflict increases. Based on
                  random graphs. The effective level of concurrency
                  reaches a maximum and then goes to zero in protocols
                  which do not have priorities built in. In schemes
                  that use priorities, the level of concurrency is
                  unbounded, although it is not clear that this is
                  practical. 13 references."
}

@article{Freund-Qadeer04,
 author = {Stephen N. Freund and Shaz Qadeer},
 title = {Checking Concise Specifications for Multithreaded Software},
 journal = {Journal of Object Technology},
 volume = 3,
 number = 6,
 year = 2004,
 pages = {81-101}
}

@InCollection{Frolund92,
  Author =	 "Svend Fr\olund",
  Title =	 "Inheritance of Synchronization Constraints in
                  Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming Languages",
  BookTitle =	 "ECOOP '92, European Conference on Object-Oriented
                  Programming, Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "Ole Lehrmann Madsen",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 615,
  Pages =	 "185-196",
  Annote =	 "22 references"
}

@Article{Garcia-Molina82,
  Author =	 "H. Garcia-Molina",
  Title =	 "Elections in a Distributed Computing System",
  Journal =	 IEEETC,
  Volume =	 "C-31",
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "48-59",
  Year =	 1982
}

@InCollection{Garland-Lynch00,
  Author =	 "Stephen J. Garland and Nancy Lynch",
  Title =	 "Using I/O Automata for Developing Distributed
                  Systems",
  BookTitle =	 {Foundations of Component-Based Systems},
  Editor =	 {Gary T. Leavens and Murali Sitaraman},
  Year =	 2000,
  Publisher =	 {Cambridge University Press},
  Address =	 NY,
  ISBN =	 {0-521-77164-1},
  Chapter =	 13,
  Pages =	 "285-312",
  Annote =	 "41 references."
}

@Article{Gehani82,
  Author =	 "N. H. Gehani",
  Title =	 "Concurrency in Ada and Multicomputers",
  Journal =	 "Computer Languages",
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 1,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "21-23",
  Annote =	 "Efficiency problems with distributing Ada tasks,
                  because of shared variables and data shared through
                  pointers."
}

@Article{Gelernter-Carriero92,
  Author =	 "David Gelernter and Nicholas Carriero",
  Title =	 "Coordination Languages and their Significance",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 35,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 feb,
  Pages =	 "97-107",
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@Article{Gelernter85,
  Author =	 "David Gelernter",
  Title =	 "Generative Communication in Linda",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "80-112",
  Annote =	 "Closely coupled network language that has an
                  interesting kind of shared memory abstraction for
                  communication. 27 references."
}

@InCollection{Gelernter91,
  Author =	 "David Gelernter",
  Title =	 "Current Research on Linda",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in High-Level Parallel
                  Programming Languages, Mont Saint-Michel, France,
                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 574,
  Pages =	 "74-76"
}

@TechReport{Ghemawat90,
  Author =	 "SanjayGhemawat",
  Title =	 "Automatic Replication for Highly Available Services",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 "473",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 mar
}

@InProceedings{Gifford-Donahue85,
  Author =	 "David K. Gifford and James E. Donahue",
  Title =	 "Coordinating Independent Atomic Actions",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of IEEE Computer Conference '85",
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "92-95",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Annote =	 "Describes persistent actions, actions with an
                  exactly once semantics. 8 references."
}

@Article{Gifford-Glasser88,
  Author =	 "David K. Gifford and Nathan Glasser",
  Title =	 "Remote Pipes and Procedures for Efficient
                  Distributed Communication",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "258-283",
  Annote =	 "The channel model for efficient distributed
                  communication. Remote procedures are first-class
                  objects, pipes for bulk data transport and
                  incremental results, and channel groups to control
                  relative sequencing of results. 31 references."
}

@Article{Gifford-Spector,
  Author =	 "David Gifford and Alfred Spector",
  Title =	 "The TWA Reservation System",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 27,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "650-665",
  Annote =	 "Description of the design and implementation of the
                  TWA system through interviews with the people
                  involved. 6 references."
}

@Book{Gray-Reuter93,
  Author =	 "Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter",
  Title =	 "Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques",
  Publisher =	 "Morgan Kaufman",
  Year =	 1993
}

@Article{Gray-etal81,
  Author =	 "Jim Gray and Paul McJones and Mike Blasgen and Bruce
                  Lindsay and Raymond Lorie and Tom Price and Franco
                  Putzolu and Irving Traiger",
  Title =	 "The Recovery Manager of the System R Database
                  Manager",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "223-242",
  Annote =	 "Describes the do-undo-redo protocol of system R and
                  the checkpoint mechanism. 16 references."
}

@Article{Gray86,
  Author =	 "James N. Gray",
  Title =	 "An Approach to Decentralized Computer Systems",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-12",
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "684-692",
  Annote =	 "Reasons for distribution. 15 references."
}

@InProceedings{Greif-Seliger-Weihl86,
  Author =	 "Irene Greif and Robert Seliger and William Weihl",
  Title =	 "Atomic Data Abstractions in a Distributed
                  Collaborative Editing System (Extended Abstract)",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Thirteenth Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  St. Petersburg Beach, Florida",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "160-172",
  Annote =	 "Reports on some experience using Argus. 20
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Greif75,
  Author =	 "Irene Greif",
  Title =	 "Semantics of Communicating Parallel Processes",
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1975,
  Institution =	 "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Project MAC",
  Number =	 154,
  Annote =	 "Develops a specification language based on the actor
                  model. 43 references."
}

@Article{Grimshaw93,
  Author =	 "Andrew S. Grimshaw",
  Title =	 "Easy-to-Use Object-Oriented Parallel Processing with
                  Mentat",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Computer",
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 26,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "39-51",
  Annote =	 "Mentat adds data parallel programming to C++. 12
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Gruber89,
  Author =	 "Robert Edward Gruber",
  Title =	 "Optimistic Concurrency Control For Nested
                  Distributed Transactions",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 "1989",
  Number =	 453,
  Month =	 "June",
  Annote =	 "47 references."
}

@InProceedings{Habermann78,
  Author =	 "N. Habermann",
  Title =	 "Dynamically Modifiable Distributed Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Net Workshop",
  Organization = "Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Penn.",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1978,
  Annote =	 "Uses version numbers on objects, they are translated
                  to a canonical form when necessary and then to the
                  form used by the version of the type manager that is
                  manipulating them."
}

@Article{Haerder-Reuter83,
  Author =	 "Theo Haerder and Andreas Reuter",
  Title =	 "Principles of Transaction-Oriented Database
                  Recovery",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "287-317",
  Annote =	 "Analytic discussion of various kinds of database
                  recovery mechanisms. Presents a simple taxonomy and
                  costs. 38 references."
}

@Book{Hartley98,
  author =	 {Stephen J. Hartley},
  title =	 {Concurent Programming: The {Java} Programming Language},
  publisher =	 {Oxford},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 NY,
  annote =	 {44 references}
}

@Article{Hassan-Bal-Jacobs98,
  author =	 {Saniya Ben Hassan and Henri E. Bal and Ceriel
                  J. H. Jacobs},
  title =	 {A Task- and Data-Parallel Programming Language Based
                  on Shared Objects},
  journal =	 TOPLAS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 20,
  number =	 6,
  month =	 nov,
  pages =	 {1131-1170},
  annote =	 {43 references.}
}

@inproceedings{Hatcliff-Robby-Dwyer04,
  author = {John Hatcliff and Robby and Matthew Dwyer},
  title     = {Verifying Atomicity Specifications for Concurrent Object Oriented Software Using Model Checking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Verification,
                      Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation},
  publisher = SV,
  series    = LNCS,
  volume    = 2937,
  year      = 2004,
  pages = {175-190}
}

@TechReport{Hennessy-Ingolfsdottir89,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy and A. Ing\'{o}lfsd\'{o}ttir",
  Title =	 "A Theory of Communicating Processes with
                  Value-passing",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "3/89",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Fully abstract semantics of process algebras that
                  allows processes to communicate with values. Sound
                  and complete proof system. 16 references."
}

@TechReport{Hennessy-Milner80,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy and Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "On Observing Nondeterminism and Concurrency",
  Institution =	 "University of Edinburgh, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Type =	 "Internal Report",
  Number =	 "CSR-69-80",
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 sep,
  Annote =	 "Defines observation congruence of programs. 9
                  references."
}

@Article{Hennessy-Milner85,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy and Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "Algebraic Laws for Nondeterminism and Concurrency",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "137-161"
}

@TechReport{Hennessy-Regan90,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy and T. Regan",
  Title =	 "A Temporal Process Algebra",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "9/20",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1990,
  Annote =	 "Processes algebras extended with idling until next
                  clock cycle 25 references."
}

@Book{Hennessy88a,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "Algebraic Theory of Processes",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Semantic theory of communicating processes and a
                  logical proof system for reasoning about
                  them. Self-contained. 73 references."
}

@TechReport{Hennessy88b,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "Behaviour Equivalences: An Approach to the Semantics
                  of Processes",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "4/88",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1988,
  Note =	 "Notes for the CLSI Workshop on the semantics of
                  natural and computer languages, 1987",
  Annote =	 "Informal account of structural composition and
                  semantics of communicating concurrent systems. 15
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Hennessy88c,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "Observing Processes",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "5/88",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Tutorial account of behavioral theories of
                  processes. 20 references."
}

@TechReport{Hennessy89,
  Author =	 "Matthew Hennessy",
  Title =	 "A Proof System for Communicating Processes with
                  Value-Passing",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "5/89",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "Sound and complete proof system for a version of CCS
                  with value-passing. 20 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy-Lynch-Merritt92,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy and Nancy Lynch and Michael Merritt",
  Title =	 "On the correctness of orphan management algorithms",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 39,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "881-930"
}

@InProceedings{Herlihy-Wing87,
  Author =	 "Maurice P. Herlihy and Jeannette M. Wing",
  Title =	 "Avalon: Language Support for Reliable Distributed
                  Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Seventeenth International Symposium on
                  Fault-Tolerant Computing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "89-94",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Annote =	 "A set of linguistic constructs designed to give
                  programmers explicit control over transaction-based
                  processing. 25 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy-Wing89,
  Author =	 "Maurice P. Herlihy and Jeanette M. Wing",
  Title =	 "Linearizable Concurrent Objects",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "133-135",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on
                  object-based concurrent programming",
  Annote =	 "0 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy-Wing91,
  Author =	 "M. P. Herlihy and J. M. Wing",
  Title =	 "Specifying Graceful Degradation",
  Journal =	 "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                  Systems",
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "93-103",
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@TechReport{Herlihy82,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "A Control Abstraction for Process Synchronization",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 oct,
  Type =	 "DSG Note",
  Number =	 106,
  Annote =	 "Synchronizers are a way of generalizing the mutex
                  type and the seize statement in Argus. 1 reference."
}

@TechReport{Herlihy84,
  Author =	 "Maurice Peter Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Replication Methods for Abstract Data Types",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1984,
  Month =	 may,
  Number =	 319,
  Annote =	 "New techniques for replication that uses
                  type-specific properties of objects to provide more
                  effective replication. Quorums are associated with
                  operations of the type. 45 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy86a,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "A Quorum-Consensus Replication Method for Abstract
                  Data Types",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "32-53",
  Annote =	 "Method exploiting type specific properties for more
                  effective replication. Also proposes a
                  reconfiguration method that permits quorums to
                  change dynamically. 33 references."
}

@InProceedings{Herlihy86b,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Optimistic Concurrency Control for Abstract Data
                  Types",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Distributed Computing",
  Organization = ACM,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Note =	 "Reprinted in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,
                  Volume 21, Number 2, April 1987, Pages 33-44",
  Annote =	 "27 references"
}

@Article{Herlihy87a,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Concurrency versus Availability: Atomicity
                  Mechanisms",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Concurrency control and replica management handled
                  by a single protocol. Allows more concurrency and
                  allows availability to be traded against
                  concurrency. 33 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy87b,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Dynamic Quorum Adjustment for Partitioned Data",
  Journal =	 TODS,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "170-194"
}

@Article{Herlihy89,
  Author =	 "Maurice P. Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Taking Concurrency Seriously",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 24,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "32-33",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on
                  object-based concurrent programming",
  Annote =	 "3 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy90,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Concurrency and availability as dual properties of
                  replicated atomic data",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 37,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Pages =	 "257-278"
}

@Article{Herlihy91,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Wait-Free Synchronization",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "124-149",
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Herlihy93,
  Author =	 "Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "A Methodology for Implementing Highly Concurrent
                  Data Objects",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "745-770",
  Annote =	 "45 references"
}

@TechReport{Hewitt-Baker77,
  Author =	 "Carl Hewitt and Henry {Baker Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Actors and Continuous Functionals",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1977,
  Number =	 194,
  Annote =	 "Laws that hold for communicating processes, that is
                  restrictions on computations that are physically
                  realizable, are presented in the actor formalism
                  without proof. Various partial orders. Relation to
                  denotational semantics. 50 references."
}

@Article{Hillis-Steele86,
  Author =	 "W. Daniel Hillis and Guy L. {Steele Jr.}",
  Title =	 "Data Parallel Algorithms",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 29,
  Number =	 12,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "1170-1183",
  Annote =	 "Parallel algorithms for the connection machine. 25
                  references."
}

@Article{Hoare74,
  Author =	 "C. A. R. Hoare",
  Title =	 "Monitors: An Operating System Structuring Concept",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1974,
  Pages =	 "549-557"
}

@Book{Hoare85,
  Author =	 "C. A. R. Hoare",
  Title =	 "Communicating Sequential Processes",
  Publisher =	 Prentice-Hall,
  Address =	 "Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
  Year =	 1985
}

@Article{Hufnagel-Browne89,
  Author =	 "Stephen P. Hufnagel and James C. Browne",
  Title =	 "Performance Properties of Vertically Partitioned
                  Object-Oriented Systems",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "935-946",
  Annote =	 "Vertical partitioning means having the type be
                  responsible for its storage, concurrency control,
                  etc. 20 references."
}

@InCollection{Jagannathan91,
  Author =	 "Suresh Jagannathan",
  Title =	 "Expressing Fine-Grained Parallelism Using Concurrent
                  Data Structures",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in High-Level Parallel
                  Programming Languages, Mont Saint-Michel, France,
                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 574,
  Pages =	 "77-92",
  Annote =	 "18 references"
}

@Book{Janici-Lauer92,
  Author =	 "Ryszard Janici and Peter E. Lauer",
  Title =	 "Specification and Analysis of Concurrent Systems:
                  The COSY Approach",
  Year =	 1992,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 "EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science",
  Annote =	 "many references."
}

@Unpublished{Jategaonkar-Meyer93,
  Author =	 "Lalita Jategaonkar and Albert Meyer",
  Title =	 "Self-Synchronization of concurrent processes",
  Note =	 "Preliminary report --- To appear in LICS '93.",
  Annote =	 "24 references. "
}

@Unpublished{Jategaonkar-Meyer93b,
  Author =	 "Lalita Jategaonkar and Albert Meyer",
  Title =	 "Testing Equivalence for Petri Nets with Action
                  Refinement",
  Note =	 "Obtained from the Authors:
                  lalitha@theory.lcs.mit.edu"
}

@Article{Jefferson85,
  Author =	 "David R. Jefferson",
  Title =	 "Virtual Time",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1985,
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 3,
  Pages =	 "404-425",
  Annote =	 "A distributed transaction processing protocol which
                  uses a notion of virtual time, that is, Lamport
                  clocks, to synchronize activities. Use of
                  antimessages for rollback when necessary. 32
                  references."
}

@Article{Jones-Rashid86,
  Author =	 "Michael B. Jones and Richard F. Rashid",
  Title =	 "Mach and Matchmaker: Kernel and Language Support for
                  Object-Oriented Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "67-77",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                  (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  Annote =	 "Mach is a multiprocessor operating system that
                  provides uniform object references, protected object
                  capabilities, and efficient cross domain object
                  communication object operation
                  invocation. Matchmaker is an interface specification
                  language that supports multiple programming
                  languages, language support for object references,
                  language interfaces for object operations, operation
                  interface notation, and interface code
                  generation. Capability based design. Matchmaker
                  hides the underlying message passing mechanisms of
                  Mach. Parameters other than object references are
                  passed by value. 29 references."
}

@Article{Joshi-Ram99,
  author =	 {Rushikesh K. Joshi and D. Janaki Ram},
  title =	 {Anonymous Remote Computing: A Paradigm for Parallel
                  Programming on Interconnected Workstations},
  journal =	 IEEETSE,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 25,
  number =	 1,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {75-90},
  annote =	 {42 references.}
}

@InProceedings{Joung-Smolka92,
  Author =	 "Yuh-Jzer Joungand Scott A. Smolka",
  Title =	 "A Comprehensive Study of the Complexity of
                  Multiparty Interaction (Extended Abstract)",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Nineteenth Annual ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
                  Programming Languages",
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "142-153",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Annote =	 "29 references."
}

@Article{Joyce-etal87,
  Author =	 "Jeffrey Joyce and Greg Lomow and Konrad Slind and
                  Brian Unger",
  Title =	 "Monitoring Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 2,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "121-150",
  Annote =	 "Collection, interpretation, and display of
                  information about the interactions of concurrently
                  executing processes. The Jade distributed
                  programming environment. 30 references."
}

@Article{Jul-etal88,
  Author =	 "Eric Jul and Henry Levy and Norman Hutchinson and
                  Andrew Black",
  Title =	 "Fine-grained Mobility in the Emerald System",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1988,
  Pages =	 "109-133"
}

@Article{Jun-Gruenwald98,
  author =	 {Woochun Jun and Le Gruenwald},
  title =	 {Semantics-Based Concurrency Control in
                  Object-Oriented Databases},
  journal =	 JOOP,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 10,
  number =	 8,
  month =	 jan,
  pages =	 {33-39},
  annote =	 {17 references.}
}

@Article{Kafura-Lee89,
  Author =	 "D. G. Kafura and K. H. Lee",
  Title =	 "Inheritance in actor based concurrent
                  object-oriented languages",
  Journal =	 "The Computer Journal",
  Year =	 1989,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 aug,
  Pages =	 "297-304",
  Note =	 "Special Issue on object-oriented programming"
}

@InCollection{Kahn-MacQueen77,
  author =	 "G. Kahn and D. MacQueen",
  editor =	 "B. Gilchrist",
  title =	 "Coroutines and Networks of Parallel Processes",
  booktitle =	 "Information Processing '77: Proceedings of the IFIP
                  Congress",
  pages =	 "993-998",
  publisher =	 "North-Holland",
  year =	 1977
}

@Article{Kahn-Saraswat90,
  Author =	 "Kenneth M. Kahn and Vijay A. Saraswat",
  Title =	 "Actors as a Special Case of Concurrent Constraint
                  Programming",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "57-65",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA ECOOP '90 Proceedings}, N. Meyrowitz
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "22 references."
}

@article{Katz93,
  author =	 {Shmuel Katz},
  title =	 {A superimposition control construct for distributed
                  systems},
  journal =	 TOPLAS,
  volume =	 {15},
  number =	 {2},
  year =	 {1993},
  issn =	 {0164-0925},
  pages =	 {337--356},
  doi =		 {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/169701.169682},
  publisher =	 {ACM Press},
}

@TechReport{Kiehn89,
  Author =	 "Astrid Kiehn",
  Title =	 "Distributed Bisimulations for Finite CCS",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science, School of Cognitive and Computing
                  Sciences, University of Sussex",
  Address =	 "Brighton BN1 9QH",
  Number =	 "7/89",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1989,
  Annote =	 "17 references."
}

@Article{Kilov93,
  Author =	 "Haim Kilov",
  Title =	 "Precise Specificationm of behavior in
                  Object-Oriented Standarization activities",
  Journal =	 "Computer Standards and Interfaces",
  Volume =	 15,
  Year =	 1993,
  Pages =	 "275-285",
  Annote =	 "39 references"
}

@Article{Kim84,
  Author =	 "Won Kim",
  Title =	 "Local Networks",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Pages =	 "71-98",
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Survey of hardware and software aspects of highly
                  available systems for database
                  applications. Discusses several examples. 38
                  references."
}

@Article{Knight-Urquhart84,
  Author =	 "John C. Knight and John I. A. Urquhart",
  Title =	 "On the Implementation and Use of Ada on
                  Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 "ACM Ada Letters",
  Volume =	 "IV",
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1984,
  Pages =	 "53-64",
  Annote =	 "Problems with using Ada in an environment where
                  processors can fail. Suggests extensions to
                  semantics to deal with failures. 10 references."
}

@Article{Koo-Toueg87,
  Author =	 "Richard Koo and Sam Toueg",
  Title =	 "Checkpointing and Rollback-Recovery for Distributed
                  Systems",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-13",
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "23-31",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Distributed algorithms for taking consistent
                  checkpoints and rollback recovery that tolerate
                  failures. 18 references."
}

@Article{Korth83,
  Author =	 "Henry F. Korth",
  Title =	 "Locking Primitives in a Database System",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 30,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "55-79",
  Annote =	 "Extends the notion of intention modes from system R
                  and treats generalized update modes. 11 references."
}

@Article{Kramer-Magee85,
  Author =	 "Jeff Kramer and Jeff Magee",
  Title =	 "Dynamic Configuration for Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 IEEESE,
  Volume =	 "SE-11",
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "424-436",
  Annote =	 "The CONIC language."
}

@InProceedings{Kung-Kung85,
  Author =	 "A. Kung and R. Kung",
  Title =	 "GALAXY: A Distributed Real-time Operating System
                  Supporting High Availability",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Real-time Systems Symposium, San Diego",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1985,
  Organization = IEEE
}

@Article{Kung-Robinson81,
  Author =	 "H. T. Kung and John T. Robinson",
  Title =	 "On Optimistic Methods for Concurrency Control",
  Journal =	 TODS,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "213-226",
  Annote =	 "Optimistic concurrency control protocols are
                  introduced along with some detailed discussion of
                  their implementations. 15 references."
}

@InProceedings{L89,
  author =	 "L L",
  title =	 "High-Level Distributed Objects in a Flexible Testbed
                  for Distributed {AI} Research",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on
                  Object-Based Concurrent Programming",
  pages =	 "108--110",
  month =	 apr,
  year =	 1989,
  keywords =	 "Object-Oriented Languages Parallel Programming",
  abstract =	 "Describes a multiagent computing environment for
                  distributed AI research.",
  note =	 "Published as {\it ACM SIGPLAN Notices}, volume 24,
                  number 4",
}

@TechReport{Ladin-Liskov-Shrira88,
  Author =	 "Rivka Ladin and Barbara Liskov and Luiba Shrira",
  Title =	 "A Technique for Constructing Highly Available
                  Services",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1988,
  Number =	 "TR-409",
  Annote =	 "Gossip scheme that exploits the semantics of
                  applications to provide high availability. 20
                  references."
}

@Article{Ladin-Liskov-Shrira91,
  Author =	 "Rivka Ladin, and Barbara Liskov and Liuba Shrira",
  Title =	 "Lazy Replication: Exploiting the Semantics of
                  Distributed Services",
  Journal =	 SIGOPS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "49-54",
  Annote =	 "18 references."
}

@Article{Ladin-etal92,
  Author =	 "Rivka Ladin and Barbara Liskov, and Liuba Shrira and
                  Sanjay Ghemawat",
  Title =	 "Providing High Availability Using Lazy Replication",
  Journal =	 "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  Volume =	 10,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "360-391",
  Annote =	 "36 references."
}

@Book{Lafferty-etal93,
  Author =	 "Edward L. Lafferty and Marion C. Michaud and Myra
                  Jean Prelle and Joann B. Goethert",
  Title =	 "Parellel Computing: An Introduction",
  Publisher =	 "Noyes Data Corporation",
  Year =	 1993,
  Address =	 "Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA",
  Annote =	 "117 references."
}

@InCollection{Lamport-Lynch90,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport and Nancy Lynch",
  Booktitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Title =	 "Distributed Computing: Models and Methods",
  Chapter =	 19,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "J. van Leewen",
  Pages =	 "1157-1199",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "81 references."
}

@TechReport{Lamport-Melliar-Smith82,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport and P. M. Melliar-Smith",
  Title =	 "Synchronizing Clocks in the Presence of Faults",
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1982,
  Number =	 60,
  Institution =	 "SRI International, Computer Science Laboratory"
}

@Article{Lamport-Melliar-Smith86,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport and P. M. Melliar-Smith",
  Title =	 "Byzantine Clock Synchronization",
  Journal =	 SIGOPS,
  Volume =	 20,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "10-16",
  Note =	 "Reprinted from the Third ACM Symposium on Principles
                  of Distributed Computing, ACM, 1984",
  Annote =	 "11 references."
}

@Article{Lamport-Schneider84,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport and Fred B. Schneider",
  Title =	 {The "Hoare Logic" of CSP and All That},
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1984,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 2,
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Pages =	 "281-296",
  Annote =	 "Formal logical system for deriving invariance
                  properties of programs. 19 references."
}

@TechReport{Lamport-Schneider89,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport and Fred B. Schneider",
  Title =	 "Pretending Atomicity",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1989,
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Number =	 44,
  Annote =	 "Deriving properties of a concurrent program by
                  reasoning about a courser-grained version. 10
                  references."
}

@Article{Lamport-Shostak-Pease82,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport and R. Shostak and M. Pease",
  Title =	 "The Byzantine Generals Problem",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 4,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "382-401",
  Note =	 "Also SRI Inter., CSL, Tech. Rep. 54, March 1980"
}

@Article{Lamport74,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "A new solution of Dijkstra's concurrent programming
                  problem",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 17,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1974,
  Pages =	 "453-455",
  Annote =	 "The bakery algorithm, which solves the mutual
                  exclusion problem"
}

@Article{Lamport78a,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "The Implementation of Reliable Distributed
                  Multiprocess Systems",
  Journal =	 "Computer Networks",
  Volume =	 2,
  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "95-114"
}

@Article{Lamport78b,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "Time, Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a
                  Distributed System",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "558-565",
  Note =	 "Also Mass. Comput. Assoc., Inc. Tech. Rep.,
                  CA-7603-2911, March, 1976"
}

@TechReport{Lamport80a,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "The Weak Byzantine Generals Problem",
  Institution =	 "Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International",
  Number =	 58,
  Year =	 1980,
  Month =	 nov,
  Note =	 "To appear in JACM"
}

@Article{Lamport80b,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 {The "Hoare Logic" of Concurrent Programs},
  Journal =	 "Acta Informatica",
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "21-37",
  Volume =	 14,
  Number =	 1
}

@Article{Lamport83,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "Specifying Concurrent Program Modules",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "190-222",
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 2,
  Annote =	 "Method for specifying program modules in a
                  concurrent program. New kinds of temporal
                  assertions. 11 references."
}

@Article{Lamport84a,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "Using Time Instead of Timeout for Fault-Tolerant
                  Distributed Systems",
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1984,
  Volume =	 6,
  Number =	 2,
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Pages =	 "254-280",
  Annote =	 "Clock-driven algorithm for implementing distributed
                  systems. 14 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lamport84b,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "Solved Problems, Unsolved Problems and Non-Problems
                  in Concurrency",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Symposium on
                  Principles of Distributed Computing",
  Year =	 1984,
  Organization = ACM,
  Pages =	 "?",
  Note =	 "Reprinted in SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,
                  Vol. 19, Number 4, Oct. 1985, pages 34-44.",
  Annote =	 "Discusses why priority cannot be specified, among
                  other things. 4 references."
}

@Article{Lamport85,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "The mutual exclusion problem --- Parts i and ii",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Volume =	 33,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "313-348"
}

@Article{Lamport86,
  Author =	 "L. Lamport",
  Title =	 "On interprocess communication",
  Journal =	 "Distributed Computing",
  Year =	 1986,
  Volume =	 1,
  Pages =	 "77-101",
  Annote =	 "Discussion of true concurrency."
}

@Article{Lamport89,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "A Simple Approach to Specifying Concurrent Systems",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 32,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "32-45",
  Annote =	 "The transition axiom method. 21 references."
}

@TechReport{Lamport93,
  Author =	 "Leslie Lamport",
  Title =	 "How to Make a Correct Multiprocess Program Execute
                  Correctly on a Multiprocessor",
  Institution =	 DECSRC,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "97 references."
}

@InCollection{Lampson-Sturgis81,
  Author =	 "B. W. Lampson",
  Title =	 "Atomic Transactions",
  BookTitle =	 "Distributed Systems--Architecture and
                  Implementation",
  Year =	 1981,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 105,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "246-265",
  Note =	 "This is a revised version of Lampson and Sturgis's
                  unpublished {\em Crash Recovery in a Distributed
                  Data Storage System}.",
  Annote =	 "Discusses physical devices and their failure modes,
                  how to build stable storage and transactions on top
                  of them."
}

@Book{Lampson81,
  Author =	 "B. W. Lampson (ed.)",
  Title =	 "Distributed Systems--Architecture and
                  Implementation",
  Year =	 1981,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 105,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "This volume contains several papers and a extensive
                  bibliography"
}

@InProceedings{Lampson86,
  Author =	 "Butler W. Lampson",
  Title =	 "Designing a Global Name Service",
  BookTitle =	 "Fifth ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed
                  Computing, Calgary, Alberta",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1986,
  Organization = ACM,
  Pages =	 "?"
}

@InProceedings{Lansky-Owicki83,
  Author =	 "Amy L. Lansky and Susan S. Owicki",
  Title =	 "GEM: A Tool for Concurrency Specification and
                  Verification",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of
                  Distributed Computing, Montreal Quebec, Canada",
  Organization = ACM,
  Pages =	 "198-212",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Event-oriented model of concurrency and a
                  specification/verification system based on it called
                  GEM for Group Element Model. Specifications are
                  restrictions over computations, described by
                  elements and grouped in various ways. Can use
                  temporal logic on histories. 29 references."
}

@TechReport{Lansky83,
  Author =	 "Amy L. Lansky",
  Title =	 "Specification and Analysis of Concurrency",
  Institution =	 "Stanford University, Department of Computer Science",
  Number =	 "STAN-CS-83-993",
  Year =	 1983,
  Month =	 dec,
  Annote =	 "The author's Ph. D. thesis. Event-oriented model of
                  concurrency and a specification/verification system
                  based on it called GEM for Group Element
                  Model. Specifications are restrictions over
                  computations, described by elements and grouped in
                  various ways. Can use temporal logic on
                  histories. 95 references."
}

@InCollection{LeLann81,
  Author =	 "Gerard LeLann",
  Title =	 "Motivations, Objectives and Characterization of
                  Distributed Systems",
  Pages =	 "1-9",
  Editor =	 "B. W. Lampson",
  BookTitle =	 "Distributed Systems--Architecture and
                  Implementation",
  Year =	 1981,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 105,
  Address =	 NY
}

@Book{Lea:00,
         author =       "Doug Lea",
         title =        "Concurrent Programming in {Java}: Second Edition",
         publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
         year =         "2000"
}

@Book{Lea96,
  author =	 "Doug Lea",
  title =	 "Concurrent programming in {Java}: design principles
                  and patterns",
  publisher =	 "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey",
  address =	 "Reading, MA, USA",
  pages =	 "352",
  year =	 "1996",
  series =	 "The Java series",
  annote =	 "Some references"
}

@TechReport{Leavens86,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "Using a Guardian to Make Progress in a Long
                  Computation: The Search for Hailstone Peaks",
  Type =	 "DSG Note",
  Number =	 142,
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1986,
  Institution =	 MITLCS
}

@TechReport{Leavens87,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "The Hailstone System",
  Type =	 "DSG Note",
  Number =	 148,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1987,
  Institution =	 MITLCS
}

@TechReport{Leavens89b,
  Author =	 "Gary T. Leavens",
  Title =	 "A Distributed Search Program for the $3x+1$ problem",
  Institution =	 "Iowa State University, Department of Computer
                  Science",
  Year =	 1989,
  Number =	 "89-22",
  Address =	 "Ames, Iowa",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.iastate.edu/pub/techreports/TR89-22/TR.ps.Z",
  Month =	 nov
}

@Article{Ledru98,
  author =	 {Pascal Ledru},
  title =	 {{JSpace}: Implementation of a Linda System in Java},
  journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 33,
  number =	 8,
  month =	 aug,
  pages =	 {48-50},
  annote =	 {6 references.}
}

@Article{Leivent-Watro,
  Author =	 "Jonathan I. Leivent and Ronald J. Watro",
  Title =	 "Mathematical foundations for Time Warp Systems",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1993,
  Volume =	 15,
  Number =	 5,
  Pages =	 "771-794",
  Annote =	 "11 references"
}

@Book{Lewis94,
  author =	 "Ted G. Lewis",
  title =	 "Foundations of Parallel Programming: A
                  Machine-Independent Approach",
  publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  year =	 1994
}

@TechReport{Lin-Ahamad89,
  Author =	 "Luke Lin and Mustaque Ahamad",
  Title =	 "Checkpointing and Rollback-Recovery in Distributed
                  Object Based Systems",
  Institution =	 "School of Information and Computer Science, Georgia
                  Institute of Technology",
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1989,
  Number =	 "GIT-ICS-89/43",
  Annote =	 "27 references."
}

@InProceedings{Lindsay81,
  Author =	 "Bruce Lindsay",
  Title =	 "Object Naming and Catalog Management for a
                  Distributed Database Manager",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
                  Distributed Computing Systems, Paris",
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "31-40",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Annote =	 "The catalog architecture of system R*. A major
                  consideration is site autonomy. 11 references."
}

@Article{Lipton75,
 author = {Richard J. Lipton},
 title = {Reduction: a method of proving properties of parallel programs},
 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
 volume = 18,
 number = 12,
 year = 1975,
 pages = {717-721},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/361227.361234},
 publisher = {ACM Press},
}

@TechReport{Liskov-Day-Shrira93,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Mark Day and Liuba Shrira",
  Title =	 "Distributed Object Management in THOR",
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology group memo",
  Number =	 77,
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1993,
  Annote =	 "To appear in Distributed Object Management. 50
                  references"
}

@TechReport{Liskov-Herlihy-Gilbert84,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Maurice Herlihy and Lucy Gilbert",
  Title =	 "Limitations of Remote Procedure Call and Static
                  Process Structure for Distributed Computing",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Number =	 41,
  Month =	 sep,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Discussion of the expressive power limitations of
                  languages that have modules with a fixed number of
                  processes and that also use RPC. Discussion of Ada
                  especially. 15 references."
}

@InProceedings{Liskov-Herlihy-Gilbert86,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Maurice Herlihy and Lucy Gilbert",
  Title =	 "Limitations of Synchronous Communication with Static
                  Process Structure in Languages for Distributed
                  Computation",
  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of the Thirteenth Annual ACM
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages,
                  St. Petersburg Beach, Florida",
  Organization = ACM,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "150-159",
  Annote =	 "Why synchronous communication does not work well
                  with a static process structure. Ada made the wrong
                  choice. 27 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-Herlihy83,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Maurice Herlihy",
  Title =	 "Issues in Process and Communication Structure for
                  Distributed Programs",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Number =	 38,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1983,
  Annote =	 "Discussion of the process structure and
                  communication primitives chosen for Argus and a
                  comparison with the alternatives. 26 references."
}

@Article{Liskov-Scheifler83,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Robert Scheifler",
  Title =	 "Guardians and Actions: Linguistic Support for
                  Robust, Distributed Programs",
  Volume =	 5,
  Number =	 3,
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1983,
  Pages =	 "381-404",
  Month =	 jul,
  Annote =	 "Describes the main concepts in Argus. 30
                  references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-Shrira-Wroclawski90,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Liuba Shrira and John Wroclawski",
  Title =	 "Efficient At-Most-Once Messagees Based on
                  Synchronized Clocks",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Number =	 476,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass",
  Month =	 apr,
  Note =	 "Appears in ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, May 1991, Vol 9 Num 2"
}

@Article{Liskov-etal87b,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov, Dorothy Curtis, Paul Johnson, Robert
                  Scheifler",
  Title =	 "Implementation of Argus",
  Journal =	 SIGOPS,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 5,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1987,
  Pages =	 "111-122",
  Note =	 "Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Symposium on
                  Operating Systems Principles, Austin, Texas."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal87c,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Robert Scheifler and Edward
                  Walker and William Weihl",
  Title =	 "Orphan Detection",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1987,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Number =	 53,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02139",
  Month =	 feb,
  Annote =	 "20 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal88,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Toby Bloom and David Gifford and
                  Robert Scheifler and William Weihl",
  Title =	 "Communications in the MERCURY System",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02319",
  Number =	 59,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "17 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal90a,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov and Robert Gruder and Paul Johnson
                  and lluba Shrira",
  Title =	 "A Highly Availiable Object Repository for Use in a
                  Heterogenous Distributed System",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo ",
  Number =	 70,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02139",
  Month =	 aug,
  Annote =	 "30 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov-etal90b,
  Author = 	"Barbara Liskov, Robert Gruber, Paul Johnson, Liuba Shrira",
  Title = 	"A Replicated Unix File System",
  Institution = MITLCS,
  Year = 	1990,
  Month = 	oct,
  Number =      71,
  Annote = 	"12 references."
}
@Article{Liskov-etal91,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov, Robert Gruber, Paul Johnson, Liuba
                  Shrira",
  Title =	 "A Replicated Unix File System",
  Journal =	 SIGOPS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Pages =	 "60-64",
  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@InCollection{Liskov-etal99,
  author =	 {Barbara Liskov and Miguel Castro and Liuba Shrira
                  and Atul Adya},
  title =	 {Providing Persistent Objects in Distributed Systems},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '99 --- Object-Oriented Programming 13th
                  European Conference, Lisbon Portugal},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1999,
  editor =	 {Rachid Guerraoui},
  volume =	 1628,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {230-257},
  annote =	 {The distributed obeject repository Thor. 61
                  references.}
}

@InProceedings{Liskov79,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov",
  Title =	 "Primitives for Distributed Computing",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Operating
                  Systems Principles",
  Organization = ACM,
  Pages =	 "33-42",
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1979,
  Annote =	 "Proposes primitives for modularity and communication
                  in distributed programs. Discusses the distributed
                  environment. 22 references."
}

@InProceedings{Liskov81,
  Author =	 "B. Liskov",
  Title =	 "On Linguistic Support for Distributed Programs",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Symposium on Reliability in Distributed
                  Software and Database Systems, Pittsburgh",
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "53-60"
}

@TechReport{Liskov84,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov",
  Title =	 "Overview of the Argus Language and System",
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo",
  Number =	 40,
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "45 references."
}

@TechReport{Liskov85,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov",
  Title =	 "Implementing Optimistic Concurrency Control in
                  Distributed Systems",
  Type =	 "DSG Note",
  Number =	 127,
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1985,
  Annote =	 "Concludes that the cost of constructing read and
                  write sets and validating transactions may be as bad
                  as running a pessimistic method. So optimistic
                  methods may not be worthwhile."
}

@TechReport{Liskov92,
  Author =	 "Barbara Liskov ",
  Title =	 "Preliminary Design of the THOR Object-Oriented
                  Database System",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Year =	 1992,
  Type =	 "Programming Methodology Group Memo ",
  Number =	 74,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass, 02139",
  Month =	 mar,
  Annote =	 "58 references."
}

@Article{Lomet77,
  Author =	 "D. B. Lomet",
  Title =	 "Process Structuring, Synchronization and Recovery
                  Using Atomic Actions",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1977,
  Pages =	 "128-137",
  Annote =	 "Atomic actions, await statements, reset
                  procedures. 11 references."
}

@Article{Loveman93,
  author =	 "D. B. Loveman",
  title =	 "High Performance Fortran",
  journal =	 "IEEE Parallel and Distributed Technology: Systems
                  and Applications",
  volume =	 1,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "25--42",
  year =	 1993
}

@InProceedings{Lynch-Fischer-Fowler82,
  Author =	 "N. A. Lynch and M. J. Fischer and R. Fowler",
  Title =	 "A Simple and Efficient Byzantine Generals Algorithm",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Second Symposium on Reliability in
                  Distributed Software and Database Systems,
                  Pittsburgh",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 jul,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "46-52",
  Note =	 "Also published as Georgia Institute of Technology,
                  School of Inf. and
                  Comp. Sci. Tech. Rep. GIT-ICS-82/02, Feb. 1982"
}

@Article{Lynch-Fischer81,
  Author =	 "Nancy A. Lynch and Michael J. Fischer",
  Title =	 "On Describing the Behavior and Implementation of
                  Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 "Theoretical Computer Science",
  Volume =	 13,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1981,
  Pages =	 "17-43",
  Publisher =	 North-Holland,
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Simple, primitive, general model of
                  distributed/parallel systems based on processes and
                  shared variables. Concentrates on complexity
                  measurements for problems specified within the model
                  defined. Treats specifications briefly. 15
                  references."
}

@Article{Lynch-Merritt88,
  Author =	 "Nancy Lynch and Michael Merritt",
  Title =	 "Introduction to the Theory of Nested Transactions",
  Journal =	 TCS,
  Volume =	 62,
  Pages =	 "123-185",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "28 references."
}

@TechReport{Lynch-Tuttle88,
  Author =	 "Nancy A. Lynch and Mark R. Tuttle",
  Title =	 "An Introduction to Input/Output Automata",
  Type =	 "Technical Memorandum",
  Number =	 "TM-373",
  Note =	 "TM-351 revised",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "33 references."
}

@Article{Lynch-Vaandrager96,
  title =	 "Forward and Backward Simulations, {II}: Timing-Based
                  Systems",
  author =	 "Nancy Lynch and Frits Vaandrager",
  pages =	 "1--25",
  journal =	 "Information and Computation",
  month =	 "10~" # jul,
  year =	 "1996",
  volume =	 "128",
  number =	 "1"
}

@InBook{Lynch-etal88,
  Author =	 "Nancy Lynch and Michael Merritt and William Weihl
                  and Alan Fekete",
  Title =	 "A Theory of Atomic Transactions",
  BookTitle =	 "ICDT '88, 2nd International Conference on Database
                  Theory, Bruges, Belgium, August/September 1988",
  Editor =	 "M. Gyssens and J. Paredaens and D. Van Gucht",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 326,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Pages =	 "41-71",
  Year =	 1988,
  Annote =	 "Correctness conditions for atomic transaction
                  systems. I/O automata. Serializability theorem. 21
                  references."
}

@InProceedings{Lyons-Mehta89,
  author =	 "Damian Lyons and Sandeep Mehta",
  title =	 "A Distributed Computing Environment for the Multiple
                  Robot Domain",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on
                  CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future",
  address =	 "New Delhi, India",
  year =	 "1989",
}

@InCollection{Makpangou-etal94,
  Author =	 "M. Makpangou and Y. Gourhant and J.-P. Le Narzul and
                  M Shapiro",
  Title =	 "Fragmented Objects for Distributed Abstractions",
  BookTitle =	 "Readings in Distributed Computing Systems",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Thoman L. Casavant and Mukesh Singhal",
  Pages =	 "170-186",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, California",
  Annote =	 "15 references."
}

@Article{Mao-Yeh80,
  Author =	 "T. William Mao and Raymond T. Yeh",
  Title =	 "Communication Port: A Language Concept for
                  Concurrent Programming",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-6",
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1980,
  Pages =	 "194-204",
  Annote =	 "The communications port allows distributed programs
                  to communicate with message passing. A variant of
                  CSP. Discussion of implemenation. 24 references."
}

@Book{Marinescu13,
  author = 	 {Dan C. Marinescu},
  title = 	 {Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice},
  publisher = 	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = 	 2013,
  annote = 	 {389 references.}
}

@Book{Marlow13,
  author = 	 {Simon Marlow},
  title = 	 {Parallel and Concurrent Programming in Haskell},
  publisher = 	 {O'Reilly},
  year = 	 2013,
  URL = 	 {http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000929}
}

@InCollection{Martin-Pedersen-Bedford-Roberts94,
  Author =	 "B.E. Martin and C.H. Pedersen and
                  J. Bedford-Roberts",
  Title =	 "An Object-Based Taxonomy for Distributed Computing
                  Systems",
  BookTitle =	 "Readings in Distributed Computing Systems",
  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Thoman L. Casavant and Mukesh Singhal",
  Pages =	 "152-169",
  Address =	 "Los Alamitos, California",
  Annote =	 "10 references."
}

@InCollection{Martin93,
  Author =	 "Bruce Martin",
  Title =	 "The Separation of Interface and Implementation in
                  C++",
  BookTitle =	 "The Evolution of C++",
  Publisher =	 "The MIT Press",
  Year =	 1993,
  Editor =	 "Jim Waldo",
  Pages =	 "249-264",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Annote =	 "11 Rreferences."
}

@Article{McCann-Roman98,
  author =	 {Peter J. McCann Gruia-Catalin Roman},
  title =	 {Compositional Programming Abstractions for Mobile
                  Computing},
  journal =	 IEEETSE,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 24,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 feb,
  pages =	 {97-110},
  annote =	 {Mobile UNITY notation and logic. 27 references.}
}

@InProceedings{McCloskey-etal06,
  title =	"Autolocker: synchronization inference for atomic
		 sections",
  author =	"Bill McCloskey and Feng Zhou and David Gay and Eric Brewer",
  year = 	"2006",
  booktitle =	"Proceedings of the 33th {ACM} {SIGPLAN}-{SIGACT}
                  Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
                  ({POPL} 06)",
  pages =	"346-358",
  month =	 jan,
  series =	 SIGPLAN,
  volume =	 "41, 1",
  publisher =	 "ACM Press",
  address =	 "New York",
  URL =  	"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1111037.1111068",
}

@TechReport{McCurley-Schneider89,
  Author =	 "E. Robert McCurley and Fred B. Schneider",
  Title =	 "An Assertional Characterization of Serializability",
  Institution =	 "School of Information and Computer Science, Georgia
                  Institute of Technology",
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1989,
  Number =	 "GIT-ICS-89/45",
  Annote =	 "16 references."
}

@InCollection{Meseguer-Winkler91,
  Author =	 "Jose Meseguer and Timothy Winkler",
  Title =	 "Parallel Programming in Maude",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in High-Level Parallel
                  Programming Languages, Mont Saint-Michel, France,
                  June 1991, Proceedings",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1992,
  Editor =	 "J. P. Banatre and D. Le Metayer",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Address =	 NY,
  Volume =	 574,
  Pages =	 "253-293",
  Annote =	 "50 references"
}

@Article{Meseguer90,
  Author =	 "Jose Mesguer",
  Title =	 "A Logical Theory of Concurrent Objects",
  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "101-115",
  Note =	 "{\em OOPSLA ECOOP '90 Proceedings}, N. Meyrowitz
                  (editor).",
  Annote =	 "30 references."
}

@Article{Milne-Milner79,
  Author =	 "G. Milne and R. Milner",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Processes and Their Syntax",
  Journal =	 JACM,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1979,
  Volume =       26,
  Number =       2,
  Pages =	 "302-321"
}

@Article{Milner-Parrow-Walker92,
  Author =	 "R. Milner and J. Parrow and D. Walker",
  Title =	 "A Calculus of Mobile Processes, ({P}arts {I} and
                  {II})",
  Journal =	 "Information and Computation",
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 100,
  Pages =	 "1-77"
}

@Book{Milner80,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "A Calculus of Communicating Systems",
  Series =	 LNCS,
  Volume =	 94,
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Address =	 NY,
  Year =	 1980
}

@InProceedings{Milner82,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "Four Combinators for Concurrency",
  BookTitle =	 "ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of
                  Distributed Computing, Ottawa, Canada",
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "104-110",
  Organization = ACM,
  Annote =	 "Algebraic calculus of synchronous and asynchronous
                  systems. 15 references."
}

@Book{Milner89,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "Communication and Concurrency",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall",
  Year =	 1989,
  Series =	 "International Series in Computer Science",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Bisimulation and CCS. 46 references."
}

@InCollection{Milner90,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner",
  Booktitle =	 "Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science",
  Title =	 "Operational and Algebraic Semantics of Concurrent
                  Processes",
  Chapter =	 19,
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "J. van Leewen",
  Pages =	 "1201-1242",
  Volume =	 "B: Formal Models and Semantics",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "36 references."
}

@TechReport{Milner91,
  Author =	 "Robin Milner",
  Title =	 "The polyadic $\pi$-calculus: a tutorial",
  Institution =	 "LFCS",
  Month =	 oct,
  Number =	 "ECS--LFCS--91--180",
  Year =	 1991,
  Note =	 "{\em {P}roceedings of the {I}nternational {S}ummer
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author="Robin Milner",
editor="Friedrich L. Bauer and and Wilfried Brauer and Helmut Schwichtenberg",
title="The Polyadic $\pi$-Calculus: a Tutorial",
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year="1993",
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url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58041-3_6"
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@Article{Minoura-Wiederhold82,
  Author =	 "Toshimi Minoura and Gio Wiederhold",
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@InCollection{Mislove-Oles91,
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  Year =	 1992,
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  Year =	 1992,
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@TechReport{Mok83,
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  Year =	 1978,
  Month =	 sep,
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@TechReport{Moss-Kohler86,
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@TechReport{Moss81,
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@Book{Mullender89,
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  Year =	 1989
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@Book{Mullender93,
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  Year =	 1993,
  Edition =	 "second",
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@Article{Needham-Schroeder78,
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@Book{Nehmer88,
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  Series =	 LNCS
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@InProceedings{Nielson-Nielson94,
  Author =	 {Hanne Riis Nielson and Flemming Nielson},
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  BookTitle =	 "Conference Record of POPL '94: 21ST ACM
                  SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of
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@Manual{OMG92a,
  Author =	 "{Object Management Group}",
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@TechReport{OMG92b,
  Author =	 "{Object Management Group}",
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  Month =	 sep,
  Type =	 "TC",
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  Annote =	 "15 references."
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@TechReport{OSF91,
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  title =	 "{OSF} Distributed Computing Environment, Release 1.0
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  institution =	 "Open Software Foundation",
  year =	 "1991",
  address =	 "11 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA",
  month =	 feb,
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@InProceedings{Ohari93,
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  BookTitle =	 " Conference record of the Twentieth Annual ACM
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@Article{Owicki-Gries76,
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@Article{Owicki-Lamport82,
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@Article{Panangaden-Shanbhogue92,
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@Article{Pancake-Bergmark90,
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@UnPublished{Pierce-Remy-Turner93,
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@Article{Pratt86,
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@InProceedings{Pratt91,
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@Article{Pu-Noe-Proudfoot88,
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@Article{Quinn-Hatcher90,
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@TechReport{Reed78,
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  Author =	 "John H. Reppey",
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@InProceedings{Rinard-Lam92,
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@TechReport{Roberts-Vandevoorde89,
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  Institution =	 DECSRC,
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@Book{Rosenberry-Kenney-Fisher93,
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  year =	 "1993"
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@Article{Rosenkrantz-Stearns-Lewis78,
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  Pages =	 "178-198"
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@Article{Saltzer-Reed-Clark84,
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@InCollection{Sangiori93,
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  Publisher =	 SV,
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@TechReport{Sarin-Blaustein-Kaufman85,
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  Institution =	 "Computer Corporation of America, Cambridge, Ma.",
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@Article{Sarin-Lynch87,
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  Volume =	 "SE-13",
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "39-47",
  Month =	 jan,
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  Annote =	 "Protocol developed for CCA's SHARD that allows sites
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@Article{Schlichting-Schneider83,
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  Annote =	 "The notion of fail-stop processors and ways of
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@Article{Schmidt-Kuhns00,
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  pages =	 {56-63},
  month =	 jun,
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@InProceedings{Schneider83,
  Author =	 "F. B. Schneider",
  Title =	 "Fail-Stop Processors",
  Organization = IEEE,
  BookTitle =	 "Digest of Papers Spring Compcon 83, San Francisco",
  Year =	 1983,
  Month =	 mar,
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@Article{Schneider93,
  Author =	 "Marco Schneider",
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  Annote =	 "62 references. "
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@Article{Schwarz-Spector84,
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  Annote =	 "Confused. 29 references."
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@TechReport{Scott84,
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  Institution =	 "Computer Sciences Department, University of
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  Number =	 563,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "A readable and well thought out survey of
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@TechReport{Scott85,
  Author =	 "Michael Lee Scott",
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  Institution =	 "Computer Sciences Department, University of
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  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1985,
  Annote =	 "The author's doctoral dissertation. Describes the
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@Article{Scott87,
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  Pages =	 "88-103",
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@PhDThesis{Shah93,
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@Article{Shah94,
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@Article{Shanker93,
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@Article{Silverman91,
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@Article{Singh98,
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  annote =	 {7 references.}
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@InProceedings{Skeen-Stonebraker81,
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@PhDThesis{Skeen82a,
  Author =	 "M. D. Skeen",
  Title =	 "Crash Recovery in a Distributed Database System",
  School =	 "University of California, Berkley",
  Year =	 1982,
  Month =	 may,
  Note =	 "UCB/ERL M82/45, this thesis has an excellent
                  bibliography"
}

@InProceedings{Skeen82b,
  Author =	 "M. D. Skeen",
  Title =	 "A Decentralized Termination Protocol",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings Symposium on Reliability in Distributed
                  Software and Database Systems, Pittsburgh",
  Year =	 1982,
  Organization = IEEE,
  Pages =	 "27-32",
  Month =	 jul
}

@InProceedings{Skeen82c,
  Author =	 "M. D. Skeen",
  Title =	 "A Quorum-based Commit Protocol",
  BookTitle =	 "Proceedings of the 6th Berkeley Workshop on
                  Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks",
  Month =	 may,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "69-80",
  Organization = "NTIS"
}

@Article{Skeen85,
  Author =	 "Dale Skeen",
  Title =	 "Determining the Last Process to Fail",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 feb,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "15-30",
  Annote =	 "Efficient algorithms using realistic assumptions. 4
                  references."
}

@Book{Skillicorn-Talia95,
  author =	 {David B. Skillicorn and Domenico Talia},
  title =	 {Programming Languages for Parallel Processing},
  publisher =	 {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  year =	 1995,
  annote =	 {A collection of papers.}
}

@Article{Skillicorn-Talia98,
  author =	 {David B. Skillicorn and Domenico Talia},
  title =	 {Models and Languages for Parallel Computation},
  journal =	 ACMCS,
  year =	 1998,
  volume =	 30,
  number =	 2,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {123-169},
  annote =	 {Many references.}
}

@Book{Skillicorn95,
  author =	 "David B. Skillicorn",
  title =	 "Foundations of parallel programming",
  publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year =	 1995,
  number =	 6,
  series =	 "International series on parallel computation"
}

@Book{Snow92,
  Author =	 "C. R. Snow",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Programming",
  Publisher =	 "Cambridge University Press",
  Year =	 1992,
  Volume =	 26,
  Series =	 "Cambridge Computer Science Texts",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "Undergraduate text. 35 references."
}

@Article{Spector82,
  Author =	 "Alfred Z. Spector",
  Title =	 "Performing Remote Operations Efficiently on a Local
                  Computer Network",
  Journal =	 CACM,
  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1982,
  Pages =	 "246-260",
  Annote =	 "Taxonomy of communication instructions, discussion
                  of the issues arising when implementing a
                  communication subsystem based on this model, example
                  of communication subsystem built on Altos. 31
                  references."
}

@Article{Stallings84,
  Author =	 "William Stallings",
  Title =	 "Local Networks",
  Journal =	 ACMCS,
  Pages =	 "3-41",
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 1,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Survey of local area network technology, both
                  hardware and protocols. 68 references."
}

@Article{Stamos-Gifford90a,
  Author =	 "James W. Stamos and David K. Gifford",
  Title =	 "Remote Evaluation",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 oct,
  Pages =	 "537-565",
  Annote =	 "34 references."
}

@Article{Stamos-Gifford90b,
  Author =	 "James W. Stamos and David K. Gifford",
  Title =	 "Implementing Remote Evaluation",
  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Year =	 1990,
  Volume =	 16,
  Number =	 7,
  Month =	 jul,
  Pages =	 "710-722"
}

@InCollection{Stankovic-vanDam79,
  Author =	 "John A. Stankovic and Andries van Dam",
  Title =	 "Research Direction in (Cooperative) Distributed
                  Processing",
  BookTitle =	 "Research Directions in Software Technology",
  Editor =	 "Peter Wegner",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1979,
  Pages =	 "611-638",
  Annote =	 "General discussion of distributed processing
                  systems. 69 references."
}

@Article{Staples-Nguyen85,
  author =	 "John Staples and V. L. Nguyen",
  title =	 "A Fixpoint Semantics for Nondeterministic Data Flow",
  journal =	 JACM,
  year =	 1985,
  volume =	 32,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "411-444",
  month =	 apr,
  annote =	 "9 references."
}

@PhDThesis{Stark84,
  Author =	 "Eugene William Stark",
  Title =	 "Foundations of a Theory of Specification for
                  Distributed Systems",
  School =	 MIT,
  Year =	 1984,
  Month =	 aug,
  Note =	 "MIT/LCS Tech. Report 342",
  Annote =	 "Investigates the state-transition approach to
                  distributed/concurrent behavior specification. 63
                  references."
}

@InCollection{Stark90,
  Author =	 "Eugene W. Stark",
  Title =	 "A Simple Generalization of Kahn's Principle to
                  Indeterminate Dataflow Networks (Extended Abstract)",
  BookTitle =	 "Semantics for Concurrency, Leicester",
  Publisher =	 SV,
  Year =	 1990,
  Editor =	 "M. Z. Kwiatkowska and M. W. Shields and
                  R. M. Thomas",
  Series =	 "Workshops in Computing",
  Pages =	 "157-174",
  Address =	 NY,
  Annote =	 "34 references."
}

@Article{Strom-Yemini85,
  Author =	 "Rob Strom and Shaula Yemini",
  Title =	 "Optimistic Recovery in Distributed Systems",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Volume =	 3,
  Number =	 3,
  Month =	 aug,
  Year =	 1985,
  Pages =	 "204-226"
}

@InProceedings{Strong-Dolev83,
  Author =	 "H. R. Strong and D. Dolev",
  Title =	 "Byzantine Agreement",
  Pages =	 "72-81",
  BookTitle =	 "Digest of Papers Spring Compcon 83, San Francisco",
  Organization = IEEE,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1983
}

@Article{Tanenbaum-Kaashoek-Bal92,
  Author =	 "Andrew S. Tanenbaum and M. Frans Kaashoek and Henri
                  E. Bal",
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  Volume =	 25,
  Number =	 8,
  Month =	 aug,
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  Annote =	 "12 references."
}

@Article{Tanenbaum-etal90,
  Author =	 "Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Robert van Renesse and Hans
                  van Staveren and Gregory J. Sharp and Sape
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  Pages =	 "46-63",
  Annote =	 "34 references."
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@Article{Tanenbaum-vanRenesse85,
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  Number =	 4,
  Month =	 dec,
  Year =	 1985,
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  Annote =	 "Introduction to distributed operating
                  systems. Discusses the Cambridge Distributed
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                  references."
}

@Article{Terry87,
  Author =	 "Douglas B. Terry",
  Title =	 "Caching Hints in Distributed Systems",
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  Pages =	 "48-54",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
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                  accuracy. 12 references."
}

@InCollection{Tomlinson-Scheevel89,
  Author =	 "Chris Tomlinson and Mark Scheevel",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming Languages",
  Editor =	 "Won Kim and Farederick H. Lochovsky",
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  Year =	 1989,
  Chapter =	 5,
  Pages =	 "79-124",
  Annote =	 "44 references."
}

@Article{Turbek92,
  Author =	 "John Turbek",
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  Month =	 jun,
  Pages =	 "8-17"
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@InCollection{Turek-Shasha94,
  Author =	 "J. Turek and D. Shasha",
  Title =	 "The Many Faces of Consensus in Distributed
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  Publisher =	 "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  Year =	 1994,
  Editor =	 "Thoman L. Casavant and Mukesh Singhal",
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  Annote =	 "12 references."
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@TechReport{Tuttle90,
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  Title =	 "Knowdedge and Distributed Computation",
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  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Month =	 may
}

@Book{Umar93,
  Author =	 "Amjad Umar",
  Title =	 "Distributed computing: A Practical Synthesis",
  Publisher =	 "Prentice Hall Inc",
  Year = 1993,
  Address =	 "Englewood CLiffs, New Jersey",
  Annote =	 "Seperate refernces at the end of each chapter"
}

@Article{Vasconcelos99,
  author =	 {Vasco T. Vasconcelos},
  title =	 {Processs, Functions, and Datatypes},
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  number =	 2,
  pages =	 {97-110},
  annote =	 {Builds on a name-passing calculus. 29 references.}
}

@InCollection{Waldo99,
  author =	 {Jim Waldo},
  title =	 {Object-Oriented Programming on the Network},
  booktitle =	 {ECOOP '99 --- Object-Oriented Programming 13th
                  European Conference, Lisbon Portugal},
  publisher =	 SV,
  year =	 1999,
  editor =	 {Rachid Guerraoui},
  volume =	 1628,
  series =	 LNCS,
  address =	 NY,
  month =	 jun,
  pages =	 {441-448},
  annote =	 {Java and its Jini mechanism. 9 references.}
}

@Article{Waldo99b,
  author =	 {Jim Waldo},
  title =	 {The {Jini} Architecture for Network-centric
                  Computing},
  journal =	 CACM,
  year =	 1999,
  volume =	 42,
  number =	 7,
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {76-82},
  annote =	 {12 references.}
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@TechReport{Walker84,
  Author =	 "Edward Franklin Walker",
  Title =	 "Orphan Detection in the Argus System",
  Number =	 "TR-326",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 jun,
  Year =	 1984,
  Annote =	 "Algorithm for detecting and eliminating
                  orphans. Piggybacks orphan information on other
                  messages. An improved version based on
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@inproceedings{Wang-Stoller03,
author="Liqiang Wang and Scott D. Stoller",
title="Run-Time Analysis for Atomicity",
month=jul,
year=2003,
booktitle="Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Runtime Verification (RV)",
series="Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science",
publisher="Elsevier",
volume="89(2)"
}

@Article{Weihl-Liskov83,
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                  Atomic Data Types",
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  Volume =	 18,
  Number =	 6,
  Pages =	 "53-64",
  Note =	 "SIGPLAN '83 Symposium on Programming Language Issues
                  in Software Systems, San Francisco, CA",
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}

@Article{Weihl-Liskov85,
  Author =	 "William Weihl and Barbara Liskov",
  Title =	 "Implementation of Resilient, Atomic Data Types",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1985,
  Volume =	 7,
  Number =	 2,
  Pages =	 "244-269",
  Annote =	 "Atomicity and resiliency. Description of the Argus
                  mechanism. 31 references."
}

@TechReport{Weihl84,
  Author =	 "William Edward Weihl",
  Title =	 "Specification and Implementation of Atomic Data
                  Types",
  Institution =	 MITLCS,
  Month =	 mar,
  Year =	 1984,
  Number =	 314,
  Annote =	 "43 references."
}

@Article{Weihl87,
  Author =	 "William E. Weihl",
  Title =	 "Distributed Version Management for Read-Only
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  Journal =	 IEEETSE,
  Volume =	 "SE-13",
  Number =	 1,
  Pages =	 "55-64",
  Month =	 jan,
  Year =	 1987,
  Annote =	 "Concurrency control protocols that eliminate
                  interference between read-only actions and update
                  actions. 27 references."
}

@Article{Weihl89,
  Author =	 "William E. Weihl",
  Title =	 "Local Atomicity Properties: Modular Concurrency
                  Control for Abstract Data Types",
  Journal =	 TOPLAS,
  Volume =	 11,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1989,
  Pages =	 "249-282",
  Annote =	 "High levels of concurrency through algebraic
                  properties of a type's operations. Three local
                  atomicity properties. 46 references."
}

@Article{Weihl90,
  Author =	 "William E. Weihl",
  Title =	 "Linguistic Support for Atomic Data Types",
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  Volume =	 12,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 apr,
  Year =	 1990,
  Pages =	 "178-202",
  Annote =	 "31 references."
}

@Article{Welsh81,
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  Journal =	 SPandE,
  Volume =	 11,
  Pages =	 "257-290",
  Year =	 1981
}

@Article{Wensley-etal78,
  Author =	 "Wensley, J. H. and Lamport, L. and Goldberg, J. and
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  Title =	 "SIFT: Design and analysis of a fault-tolerant
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  Number =	 10,
  Month =	 oct,
  Year =	 1978,
  Pages =	 "1240-1255"
}

@Article{Wyatt-Kavi-Hufnagel92,
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  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 6,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1992,
  Pages =	 "56-66",
  Annote =	 "21 references."
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@Article{Yonezawa-Briot-Shibayama86,
  Author =	 "Akinori Yonezawa and Jean-Pierre Briot and Etsuya
                  Shibayama",
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  Journal =	 SIGPLAN,
  Volume =	 21,
  Number =	 11,
  Month =	 nov,
  Year =	 1986,
  Pages =	 "258-268",
  Note =	 "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
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  Annote =	 "Object-oriented computation model and a programming
                  language, ABCL/1, that supports it. Object model is
                  based on actors but incorporates additional
                  assumptions about the order of message delivery;
                  messages from O1 to O2 must be delivered in the
                  order sent. Futures. Two modes of message sending
                  allow some messages to have priority. Delegation is
                  supported. 25 references."
}

@Book{Yonezawa-Tokoro87,
  Editor =	 "A. Yonezawa and M. Tokoro",
  Title =	 "Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Address =	 "Cambridge, Mass.",
  Year =	 1987
}

@Book{Yonezawa90,
  Editor =	 "Akinori Yonezawa",
  Title =	 "ABCL: an object-oriented concurrent system",
  Publisher =	 MITP,
  Year =	 1990,
  Series =	 "Computer systems series",
  Address =	 "Cambridge, MA"
}

@Article{Zhang91,
  Author =	 "Lixia Zhang",
  Title =	 "Virtual Clock: A New Traffic Control Algorithm for
                  Packet Switching Networks",
  Journal =	 TOCS,
  Year =	 1991,
  Volume =	 9,
  Number =	 2,
  Month =	 may,
  Pages =	 "101-124",
  Annote =	 "25 references."
}