Perception
ISUE Lab perception research examines how people interpret presence, distance, scale, confidence, and environmental structure in immersive systems. These studies help explain where virtual reality interfaces align with user expectations, and where display, tracking, or visual design choices change what people perceive.
Presence
Our work studies how people perceive virtual environments and their sense of 'being there', otherwise known as presence. Interaction fidelity, scenario fidelity, and display fidelity are components that play a role in how people perceive virtual environments and whether they believe they are actually there in the virtual world as opposed to observing the world. With the mentioned components in mind, we have developed the Fidelity-based Presence Scale (FPS), one of the first presence measurement tools that provides insight on what design decisions influenced sense of presence during a given experience [1]. Across our user studies, we have assessed how presence may change in different in-virtual reality tasks such as object manipulation [2] and locomotion [3]. Through our recent efforts within presence, our work aims to provide future researchers and developers directions in how to better assess and evaluate sense of presence and turn key results into actionable items when designing virtual experiences.
Publications
- Belga, J., McMahan, R., and LaViola, J. "Effects of Virtual Reality System Fidelity on Presence using the Fidelity-based Presence Scale", Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26), Article 610, 12 pages, April 2026.
- Belga, J., Skarbez, R., Hmaiti, Y., Chen, E., McMahan, R., and LaViola, J. "The Fidelity-based Presence Scale (FPS): Modeling the Effects of Fidelity on Sense of Presence", Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '25), Article 1150, 15 pages, April 2025.
Distance perception
Our work studies how people perceive and judge distances in virtual and augmented reality, with a focus on understanding when immersive systems preserve or distort users' sense of space. We examine how headset characteristics and virtual environment properties, such as field of view [1, 2], video see-through displays [3], visual clutter, indoor/outdoor scene structure, and target distance, influence egocentric distance judgments [4]. Across controlled user studies, we use action-based tasks such as blind walking and blind throwing to evaluate how accurately users perceive spatial relationships in immersive environments. Our research also explores lightweight design interventions, including head-centric rest frames, that can reduce distance underestimation and improve spatial judgment. More recently, we have investigated visual perceptual confidence, studying how users' self-reported confidence and preferences may diverge from their actual perceptual performance. Together, this work provides design guidance for VR and AR applications where accurate spatial perception is critical, including training, simulation, navigation, accessibility, digital twins, and immersive interaction.
Publications
- Hmaiti, Y., Maslych, M., Ghasemaghaei, A., Ghamandi, R., and LaViola, J. "Visual Perceptual Confidence: Exploring Discrepancies Between Self-reported and Actual Distance Perception In Virtual Reality", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 30(11):7245-7254, November 2024.
- Hmaiti, Y. "The Effects of Head-Centric Rest Frames on Egocentric Distance Perception in Virtual Reality", Honors in Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, Department of Computer Science, August 2023.
- Hmaiti, Y., Maslych, M., Taranta, E., and LaViola, J. "An Exploration of The Effects of Head-Centric Rest Frames On Egocentric Distance Judgments in VR", Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 263-272, October 2023.
- Masnadi, S., Pfeil, K., Sera-Josef, J., and LaViola, J. "Effects of Field of View on Egocentric Distance Perception in Virtual Reality", Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22), Article 613, 10 pages, May 2022.
- Masnadi, S. "Distance Perception Through Head-Mounted Displays", PhD Dissertation, University of Central Florida, Department of Computer Science, July 2022.
- Pfeil, K., Masnadi, S., Belga, J., Sera-Josef, J. V. T., and LaViola, J. "Distance Perception with a Video See-Through Head-Mounted Display", Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21), Article 528, 1-9. May 2021.
- Masnadi, S., Pfeil, K., Sera-Josef, J., and LaViola, J. "Field of View Effect on Distance Perception in Virtual Reality", 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops, 542-543, March 2021.