# Protecting bridges: reorganizing sensor networks after catastrophic events

### Cite as:

L. Bölöni and D. Turgut. Protecting bridges: reorganizing sensor networks after catastrophic events. In Proceedings of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC'11), pp. 2028–2033, July 2011.

### Abstract:

The worst case scenario for the life cycle of a sensor network is the fragmentation of a network which still has many functional and well-powered nodes. The loss of connectivity renders even the functional nodes useless as the nodes are not able to transmit their observations to the sink. A well-engineered sensor network will \em not fragment due to the energy consumption occurring during normal functioning. However, catastrophic events, which unpredictably destroy a large subset of the nodes, can transform a well engineered network into a heavily unbalanced one. Very often, even if the network is not yet fragmented, the connectivity is relying on one or more \em bridge nodes, which survived the catastrophic event accidentally. If the network operates as before, the bridge nodes will soon exhaust their power resources by having to route an unexpectedly large number of packets. This paper describes the Bridge Protection Algorithm (BPA), a combination of techniques which, in response to a catastrophic event, change the behavior of a set of topologically important nodes in the network. These techniques protect the bridge node by letting some nodes take over some of the responsibilities of the sink. At the same time, they relieve some other overwhelmed nodes and prevent the apparition of additional bridge nodes. To achieve this, BPA sacrifices the length of some routes in order to distribute routes away from critical areas. Through a simulation study we show that the application of these techniques can significantly decrease the load of the nodes in the critical areas, while only minimally affecting the performance of the network.

### BibTeX:

@inproceedings{Boloni-2011-FedSens,
author = "L. B{\"o}l{\"o}ni and D. Turgut",
title = "Protecting bridges: reorganizing sensor networks after catastrophic events",
booktitle = "Proceedings of  Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC'11)",
pages = "2028-2033",
year = "2011",
month = "July",
abstract = {
The worst case scenario for the life cycle of a sensor network is the
fragmentation of a network which still has many functional and well-powered
nodes. The loss of connectivity renders even the functional nodes useless as
the nodes are not able to transmit their observations to the sink. A
well-engineered sensor network will {\em not} fragment due to the energy
consumption occurring during normal functioning. However, catastrophic
events, which unpredictably destroy a large subset of the nodes, can
transform a well engineered network into a heavily unbalanced one. Very
often, even if the network is not yet fragmented, the connectivity is
relying on one or more {\em bridge} nodes, which survived the catastrophic
event accidentally. If the network operates as before, the bridge nodes will
soon exhaust their power resources by having to route an unexpectedly large
number of packets.
This paper describes the Bridge Protection Algorithm (BPA), a combination of
techniques which, in response to a catastrophic event, change the behavior
of a set of topologically important nodes in the network. These techniques
protect the bridge node by letting some nodes take over some of the
responsibilities of the sink. At the same time, they relieve some other
overwhelmed nodes and prevent the apparition of additional bridge nodes. To
achieve this, BPA sacrifices the length of some routes in order to
distribute routes away from critical areas.
Through a simulation study we show that the application of these techniques
can significantly decrease the load of the nodes in the critical areas,
while only minimally affecting the performance of the network.
},
}


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